Article on motivation and courage:

Harshitha mardhanapally
12 AB psychology

Variable: motivation
Name of the article: Psychometric validation of the academic motivation scale
in a dental student sample
Authors: cesar orisini, Vivian binnie, phillip evans, Priscilla ledezma, Fernando
fuentes, maria j.
Date of article published: 2015
Abstract:
The Academic Motivation Scale is one of the most frequently used instruments to assess
academic motivation. It relies on the self-determination theory of human motivation.
However, motivation has been understudied in dental education. Therefore, to address the
lack of valid instruments to assess academic motivation in dental education and contribute to
future research in the field, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties
of this instrument in a sample of dental students. Participants were 989 Chilean
undergraduate dental students (86% response rate) who completed a survey containing a
Chilean face-valid version of the Spanish Academic Motivation Scale and three other
motivation-related instruments to assess the survey's construct and criterion validity. Later,
76 of the students (out of 100 invited) took the survey again to assess its test-retest stability.
The instrument's construct validity was supported by the superior goodness of fit of the
seven-subscale Academic Motivation Scale over competing models through confirmatory
factor analysis and by the expected correlations among its subscales. The concurrent
criterion validity was supported by the confirmation of correlations between its subscales and
external criteria. Adequate internal consistency and test-retest correlations were also found.
The evidence from this study suggests that the Academic Motivation Scale is a preliminarily
valid and reliable instrument to assess motivation in the predoctoral dental context. Future
research in this area is needed to confirm or refute these results.

Reference link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=article+on+academic+motivation+scale+pdf&oq=#d
=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DEruPTQ4UV8AJ
Variable: courage
Name of the article: the courage to be authentic: empirical and existential
perspectives
Author: cooper R woodard
Date of article published: 2010
Abstract: This chapter begins with a discussion of the components of hardiness as contributing
to the emergence of an authentic orientation, and the subsequent research by Woodard (2004)
that sought to identify the relationship of courage to hardiness. I review my creation of an
empirically derived scale to measure courage and revisions to the scale, and the found factors:
work, political/religious/belief-based, social-moral, and independent or family-based courage.
Initial attempts at validation of the scale are reviewed, followed by a discussion of an existential
perspective on authenticity. The relationship of courage to this particular type of authenticity is
explored through the works of a variety of authors. The related courage of becoming the true self,
the subsequent diminishing of fear, and courage to actualize personal meaning as a means of
transcending the existential condition are discussed.

Reference link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=article+on+Woodward+pury+courage+scale&oq=art
icle+on+#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D5mMuDfW1EfMJ