Exceuekors is ar acme? a £3 4 bay drowbre Cable shoved Faw ee ee * Dozer Packoe . be oe * loader A Drogtines an clamshell ae SENSE Rate of bucket Gpacity i ss xBocKhoe /shoved heaped Vol ( Strack el Sat heoped 4 + Clamsheét plete line vol | co | [ihre Draghnes struck yol oer ee x loader heaped vol / shuck vol ——__* as ¥ Drag hives Fhydrable excavate —_ Pay (Camm / Cecy fhe) - ertaainee) alto hrf Lovie) a 2 @ tist our at suigipin etfs PALH Ihr yLCyIhe) |p = Case vsene a u ¢ Rector abteck B Crs+ cae c produckion of stovel Be (0 swing angle eee aac 2 2) 1st time daring the producion cycle. on eee (Seer load bucket 2) Sag with food 8) veh Si 2) working radias 3) dune ood 3 dusnping Weight , fyore le) Peawshele Pe © a clement in fof backhoe # gee Gae Fine Oe 1» digging 2) bonding Bucket sysesing ei oad 4) dump lad <2 rehurn Se3ing — Shovel. 4 Gnshuchin Grane! ID Tower Crane 0 O@wobile Crane We a Front sigue Uydraulic: rent sho Bake & tok ebtachment -—™“ Front damp wothowm dump = theaped yossty yihenke bloke 'S govt of pemagee i te ene Rieter altecting Jols AEicengy > ID Eondition of equipment @ kehicudly of work. slg - Lem|w) (CLCY Thr). “jhe: Feisle sd tickel Fil Faclor a for 2 fFictency « “Types of ewer Gane Qlorizontot fib Oluffing Boom @orbrenlated Jile Gans dead lead. of Live load. is pacta Sobliaanei We Fited bime 021 = Spot Elime Cmoving the Unit loading position )- = boad bine = maneowvring bine variable Time. = dump time Gycle Times Fixed bine + Wariable Time: B vol # © Bees eycle time Chr) c™ cined sortable. wi mounted earth moving blade. x Dozere/baldozer g_ bracKher equiped with a fron (Devers aes Sg, rabber Cire Crowle (wheel) Crock) Sethe k Neckion + Use in 1 Fomgh Ferritin lows ground pressure Operate on paved road 2) low teabtie ails Lotlkouh tnleagg the surface yamaha Pes (LCN She) SCL he) Plz bade capacity * ees. Fred + variable Cmin) Rabie Distance aesHYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS «*"*- Hira Or track O¥ «Table Bucket fil factors for excavators Material Bucket Fl Factor (plabucl tinct) ae = # pe Common earth, loam Fig 90, 10.epreballe kina Sand and gravel 0.90-1.00 v4 Hard clay 065-0.95 Wer lay 050-090 Fock, wal-basted 0,70-0.90 ' ck. pooty blasted 040-0.70 Table ‘Standard cycles per hour for hydraulic excavators Machine Size Smet Modum Lage Excavator: Excavator: Excavator 1 yd (0.76 rm") h—2% yd Over 2% yd ‘Type of Material Whee! Tractor or Less (0.94-1.72m*) (1.72 m') Bott 170 250 200 150 ‘cand, gro, loam) home 198 200 160 120 (common earth, sot lay) Hae 110 160 130 100 {tough clay, rock) Table ___swing-depth factor for backhoes Sas “angio of Swing (aoa) om (Geof Maximum) 7 eo 75 20 120180 Sam ss eee ae eT 5 iz te (Hole eo ioblsa aes at Po 7 te iio hae) Von's aes) en 90 | 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75gat Figure —~“Components of a hydraulic shovel. ‘Stick cylinder BREAKOUT FORCE CROWDING FORCE Figure Digging action of a hydraulic shovel. 3 ‘Table 3-6 Standard cycles per hour for hydraulle shovels, Machine Size ‘Snail ‘Medium Lange. Under ya(3.8 mt) «SAO yd (38-78 m?) Over 10 yd (7.6m?) Bottom Front Bottom Front Batiom —Frorit Bump Dump. Dump Dump Dump Dump Meteriat ‘Soft 180 170 780~—«160 150 198 (sand, gravel, coal tome ee Ws 0 {common each, ‘soft clay, welrblasted -ock) Hare 150 135 140 430 135125 (toug clay, poorly tasted rock) Adjustment factor 16 1.10 1.05 0.94) osDRAGLINES Figure Components of a dragline. rag chan Figure ‘1 Dragtine bucket “Table $7 Ideal dragline ousputshore Som (SCY/h (SCM/. (Tis a makes Butltn no, Power Crane an Shovel Assocation, Cure Ot CIMA, 1958) 7 of data published in Technical a i Beet See feu ya let en aoas cto aia ad WweotNateris (037) (078) im 42) (199) (tan 22) 82) (2.00) Ugtmasicay 190300 rr a a ae ry rtm @ (20) a Sondandgavel 1255 za ses 80 ae S00 e513) (80) (85) as) ec) Otay 405) commen ears 1058, 38 ozo 203s. (5) st) Mie) os) 38) 80) aE} SHO) ‘uphclay 0 No neo 8250 2030s M0. ay 63) (14) 7 (208) oD) IB) Wer stckyday 5575 io ‘as “tas S10 Sao) roa aon (cm) G3) (ia) (83) 08) 2) "Bani en 10% eee, 0° surg, otra ep of a marl ded haa uot geoJe Drag line “Optimum depth of cut for short boom. (Tiss a meieation of data published in Technical Bulletin No.4, Power Crane and Shovel Assocation, Bureau of CMA, 1988) kat Sie [ou ya Ow Spee ENN SMe TUT ge eer ST ypeotmateial can 7) ay) 49) (15) (188) (187) 2 ee) BOM (ORD) rie ay, S70 74 77 89 @5 $0 95 wo i110 “Seew’ da @9 @) @9 @9 @) @) an G> Gm BD anager me 74 8088S tS O80 Gmomews go G6) De} Gm GBB aN) Ww.sidyey 07, $2. too?) asta tas ta ta en @) 69 82 84 8H G7 By A) 4A HA #8 Swing-depth factor for draglines. (This is a modification of data published in Technical Bulletin No. 4, Power Crane and Shovel Association, Bureau of CIMA, 1968.) ‘Angle of Swin Depth of Cut ingle 1g (deg) se (G6 of Optimum) 30 6 60 5 90 (120180180 20 108 0890.96 0.80087) 081075070 40 117-108-1027 083085) O78 O7D 60 125 1181.08 1.01087 08808074 80. 129-117 4.09 104098 0.90, ose O78 100 {aa AAG. 4A Ae Ad. OST Wee Oes 0771 120 129° «117° «14.08 1.08088 090k 6 140 125° 1141.08 1.00096 0.8881 (O75 160 120 «110 «1020870838088 OOB 180 115 105088094 = 0.80082) 0768 rt 200 110 1.00084 80087 0.78 07808% Typical values of unit weight, swel, shrinkage, load factor, and shrinkage factor for some common earthmoving materials are given in Table 2-5. Table ‘Typical soil weight and volume change characteristics* ‘Unit Weight [Ib/cu yd (kg/m*) _Unitweight tbe ye (ko/m'll__ ge shrinkage’ Lond Shrinkage Tose Bank Compacted (%) (%)_‘Factor__Fastor omy wiovem smovre) sme 0 9 or 80 Set eoncarn REM Solis) seogmy a 1 0800 Sewiae SRN Sle) Saket a tye ae Pe One a td “Enact values vary wih gran see lstbuton, molsture, compaction, and other factors. Tests are required to deterring ‘exact values fora speci so. "Comoacted rock i foes danse than is in-plecs rookFables « CLAMSHELLS «” Holding line Closing line. Boom hoist line Figure Components of a clamshell. Figure {16 Clamshell bucket,Tower Cranes tr iy Abily dle ose 3/2 8\@ SSH Cid | Reon) ase! ?t 1P\LWo Bedi > Sle ex S$} Cheok) afoh OLD) Ap SS Figure 3-29 Terminology of a horizontal jb tower crane. (Courtesy of Potain Tower Cranes, Inc.) ——DIGGING TOOLS: H raas BULK MATERIAL TOOLS = |) Le alee cums gil) macners maou cou ous ounce re, eens catenins FE omver oe Kose ‘oxarnies Figure 3-31 Crane boom attachments. [Permission to reproduce this material has been i ‘Table 3-10 Maximum capacity vs. lift radius for a tower crane [pounds (kilograms)) Boom Length (maximum hook radius)—ft (rm) it = fads 60 ~—«200~=~*«OOSC~SSCSS Hy, fim) ae[79.2)) (70.1) (61.0) (1.8) 42.7) [as a 1101835) 21864 ——«29607-«2easB««aaes7 9680 angen < “Pts * (e781) (10708) (52908) (15811) (18000) (18000) “174 120 (26.6) 19584. 21465 25938 31842 38097 alae (8883) (9737) (11765) (14444) (17281) 130 (88.6) 1780219848» 29682 © auT24 «94920 (8075) (9867) (10720) (13211) (15840) 140 (42.7) 16380 18018 21861 26982, (7430) (8173) (16) (12289) 180 (45.7) 15057 16596 20198 24984 (6830) (7528) (9161) (11333), 160 (48.8) 13699 15143, 18534 24705 (6214) (6869) (8407) (14206) 170 (51.8) 12684 «1401217214 «2097 (8740) (6356) (7808) (10450) 180 (54.9) 11818 13119 16160, (5361) (6951) (7330) 190 (57.9) 10468 11666, 14450 (4748) (6282) (8555) 200 (61.0) 9700 10811 12440 (4400) (4904) (5643) 210 (64.0) g092 40156 Qe Crme lead chart ore usually (4124) (4607) weight of 220(67.1) 8208, 9215 structure assuming Hraf He weig) (3728) (4180) hook block Vx park oF crane’ dead weit: 260(792) 7334 but He attachment syctem 1 kaken as eed pact of live load. ‘Minium BR eachas = 12.0 (86 mp @wohen Calataling loads ier reconerded pak 4 SY. Working marfim od- applied rocomputed weight:LOADERS a id tin dee ole | — 2 “ | ee - % = - e : i £ 10 é i 60140 200 300 400 500 800 ft ee ee ee a sete a Figure 4-15 Travel time, whee! loader (haul + return). Gaps) or22/4 12013 ...DOZERS: *~ + aay eee AP Bo 9h Dg ar Universe! niece Cushion blade Figure 4-7 Common types of dozer blades. ‘Table 4-4 Typical dozer fixed cycle times SS ‘Operating Conditions Time Gi) ower shift anemission 0.05 Directive tanemiasion 010 Hare eigaing O15 Se ‘Table 4-5 Typical dozer operating speeds ‘Operating Conditions Speeds el Dyan Basing if ee materls hau! 100 (80"m)orless 1.5 mi (24 kr) Hard materials, heul over 109 f (30m) 2.0 mifh @.2kmb) Loose materiale hau 100 (207m) ar less 20 mifh (92 kmh) ; Lows materials, heu over 100% (30m) 2.5 ith (4.0kmvR) D8 | Return Maximurn verse opeed in second range "100 ft (30 m) or less (power shit) or reverse speed in gear Used for dozing (direct drive) (Over 100 ft (30:m) ‘Maximum reverse speed in third tanga (power shit) or highest reverse speed (sirect drive) —_—_—_———