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Q. What do you understand by tropical cyclones? Elaborate how tropical cyclones differ from the
temperate cyclones. (250 words)

20 Jul, 2020 GS Paper 1 Geography

Approach
In introduction, explain the phenomenon of tropical cyclones and in brief its area of
influence.
In body, compare how tropical cyclones differ the temperate cyclones in terms of their
characteristics such as area of occurrence, expanse, wind speed, their impact etc.
Conclude suitably.

Introduction
Tropical cyclones are an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical
oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
Tropical cyclones develop in the region between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. They
are large-scale weather systems developing over tropical or subtropical waters, where they
get organized into surface wind circulation.

Body
Major differences between tropical
TROPICAL
and temperate
CYCLONE cyclones:
ORIGIN Thermal origin- Tropical
cyclones typically form over
large bodies of relatively warm
water.
LATITUDE Confined to 10 – 30 degree N
and S of the equator.
FRONTAL SYSTEM Frontal system is absent in
tropical cyclones
FORMATION They form only on seas with
temperatures more than 26-27
degree C. They dissipate on
reaching the land.
SEASON Tropical cyclones are seasonal
in nature, it mostly occurs in
late summers (Aug – Oct)
WIND VELOCITY AND Wind velocity of tropical
DESTRUCTION cyclones is much greater (100 – cyclones is comparatively low.
250 kmph) (200–1200 kmph in Typical range: 30 – 150 kmph.
upper troposphere)
Greater destruction due to
winds, storm surges and
torrential rains.
SHAPE Tropical cyclones are elliptical The shape of temperate
in shape.
LIFETIME Tropical cyclones don’t last for
TEMPERATE CYCLONE
Dynamic origin- They are
formed due to interaction of
warm and cold air masses.
Confined to 35 – 65 degree N
and S of the equator. They are
more pronounced in the
Northern hemisphere due to
greater temperature contrast
owing to large expanse of
landmass.
The very cyclone formation is
due to frontogenesis.
Temperate cyclones can be
formed on both land and sea
Temperate cyclones are
irregular in nature but they
occur more in winters and few
in summers
Wind velocity in temperate
Less destruction due to winds
but more destruction due to
flooding.
cyclones is ‘inverted V’.
Temperate cyclones may last
 more than a week.
PATH They generally move from east
to west.
INFLUENCE ON INDIA Tropical cyclones affect both
the coasts of India but the east
coast is a hot spot.
for 2 to 3 weeks.
They move from west to east.
Temperate cyclones bring rains
to north-west India. The
associated instability is called
‘Western Disturbances’.

Conclusion

Although Tropical cyclones are known for destruction they cause, when they strike they also
bestow certain benefits like- they carry heat and energy away from tropics, relieve drought
conditions etc. With the advent of climate change, tropical cyclones have become more frequent
accompanied by great intensity.

Tropical cyclones are very frequent in India and thus it is one of the worst affected areas in the
world. The most recent is Cyclone Amphan which turned into a “super cyclonic storm”.

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