Final Lab Report

General Physics III Laboratory

Members of The Lab Group

ID Number: Student Names:

1. 23402110001 Ferdinand Lunardy

2. 23402110002 Futri Zalzabilah Ray

3. 23402110004 Muhammad Fauzanil Wildan Ar Rosyid

4. 23402110003 Taufiqurrahman

Batch No. : 2021

Lab Group No. :1

Experiment Title : Resonance Tube

Experiment Date : 9 December 2021

School of Applied Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Universitas Prasetiya Mulya
2021
 I. Abstract:
In the experiment, we learn about the Resonance Tube. The purpose of the experiment
is to measure the velocity, wavelength, and frequency of the standing wave. A wave
resonating in a tube with an open tube at one end and a closed tube at the other. In this
experiment, we know that the nodes in a closed tube are obtained from certain points when
we pull the white tube. As for the open tube, antinodes are obtained from certain points when
we increase the frequency of the Signal Generator. Through this experiment, we can find out
the velocity, wavelength, and frequency of each tube, both close and open tube.
II. Data and Results:
Tube Position 300 Hz (m) Tube Position 400 Hz (m)

1 0.23 0.157

2 0.81 0.582

3 - 1.027
Table 2.1 Closed tube resonance positions data
Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University

Figure 2.1 The data of the closed tube resonance positions

Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University
 Figure 2.2 The percentage of error occurred in the experiment
Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University

Figure 2.3 Wavelengths

Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University
 Figure 2.4 Analysis
Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University
III. Discussion Analysis:
Based on the experiment, here is the data acquired from the experiment.
Tube Position 300 Hz (m) Tube Position 400 Hz (m)

1 0.23 0.157

2 0.81 0.582

3 - 1.027
Table 3.1 Closed tube experiment tube positions data
Source: PASCO Capstone Software in lab computer of Prasetiya Mulya University
As you can see in table 3.1, the first attempt with 300 Hz, we acquired two nodes
which are the average for position 1 of 0.23 m and position 2 of 0.81 m. Then, on the second
attempt with 400 Hz, we acquired three nodes which are the average for position 1 is 0.157
m, the average for position 2 is 0.582 m, and position 3 is 1.027 m.
a. Closed-tube experiment
From the data above in Table 3.1, we can measure the wavelength and its speed. Here
is the calculation: With two frequencies, 300 Hz and 400 Hz, we can find the wavelength and
velocity by using the position acquired from table 3.1. Between the initial and final positions
of the tube, we can simply subtract the final position from the initial position, and we will
find the ½λ. Here is the calculation below.
Knowing that: v = λ.𝑓,
● For Tube position 300Hz (m)
- Wavelength : (0.81 - 0.23) x 2 = 1.16 m
- Velocity : 1.16 m x 300Hz = 348 m/s
● For Tube position 400Hz (m)
- Wavelength : (1.027 - 0.582) + (0.582 - 0.157) = 0.87 m
- Velocity : 0.87 m x 400Hz = 348 m/s
After we found the speed with the calculation above, the speed of the wave remains
the same, which is 348 m/s for both the 300 Hz and 400 Hz experiments. In the next step, we
need to compare it with the actual speed of the wave, which is the speed of sound in the air
and depends on the temperature. The theoretical value can be calculated using V = 331 m/s +
0.6 T. Where T is the temperature of the air in degrees Celsius. After we check the
temperature using the Quad Temperature Sensor, we find the temperature is 23.04 degrees
Celsius. Therefore, we can find the actual speed, which is
V: 331 m/s + (0.6 x 23,04) = 344.824 m/s.
After that, we calculate the percent deviation as shown in figure 3.2. As we may
know, the theoretical calculation and experimental calculation may have differences based on
the condition of the experiment. So, in the figure, using the given theoretical formula, we can
find how big the percentage of the error occurred in the experiment. Here is the calculation
and formula below.
Formula:
% Error = ( |Actual - Experimental| / Actual ) x 100%
Calculation:
% Error(300Hz) = ( |344.824 - 348| / 344.824 ) x 100% = 0.921%
%Error(400Hz) = ( |344.824 - 348| / 344.824 ) x 100% = 0.921%
So, Both of them have the same %Error in the closed tube experiment.
b. Open tube experiment
In the open tube experiment, we are able to find the frequency of the fundamental, by
using 50 Hz as the start frequency and slowly increasing it.
We found that the fundamental frequency is 60 Hz, along with the second and third
harmonics, 120 Hz and 242 Hz. Hence, we can calculate the wavelength using each
frequency. Here is the calculation below.
Being aware of the fact that: λ = v / f
v (actual speed) = 344.824 m/s
● Fundamental frequency: 60 Hz
- wavelength: 344.824/60 = 5.747 m
● Second harmonic frequency: 120 Hz
- wavelength: 344.824/120 = 2.873 m
● Third harmonic frequency: 242 Hz
- wavelength: 344.824/242 = 1.424 m
Afterwards, we can compare the result of the calculation above with the closed tube
experiment wavelengths. In the closed tube experiment, we were told that the frequencies
were 300 Hz and 400 Hz, whereas in the open tube experiment, we found the frequencies for
the fundamental, second, and third harmonic were 60 Hz, 120 Hz, and 242 Hz respectively.
We can conclude that the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength. As we can see from
the result, at 60 Hz we acquired 5.747 m, which is the longest wavelength and at 400 Hz we
acquired 0.87 m for the wavelength.
c. Analysis
 After doing both experiments, in figure 2.4 we come up with a conclusion that the
short pipe makes the low notes, and the longest pipe has the lowest frequency which also has
the longest wavelength.
If the temperature of the room had been lower than 23.04 degree Celsius, then the
actual speed will be affected since the formula for the actual speed is V = 331 m/s + 0.6 T.
Where T is the temperature, meaning the lower the temperature the slower the actual speed.
And if the pipe were in the atmosphere of the helium, it would affect the pitch to become
higher.
IV. Conclusion:
The difference between an open tube and a closed tube is at the node. In a closed tube,
the node is obtained by pulling the white tube out of the blue tube. At certain positions, a
node will be generated. As for the open tube, the node is obtained by adding the frequency.
At certain frequencies, a node will be generated.
In a closed tube, the speed of the waves is the same even though they have different
frequencies. While the wavelength has a different value at the frequencies of 300 Hz and 400
Hz. When the frequency is 300 Hz, the wavelength is greater than 400 Hz. This is in
accordance with the theory that wavelength is the quotient between speed and frequency. If at
the same speed, the smallest frequency will produce a larger wavelength. When the frequency
is 300 Hz, two nodes are produced, while at 400 Hz, three nodes are produced.
In an open tube, the velocity is the same for each frequency. While the wavelength
has a different value at each frequency, the largest value is obtained when the object
frequency is 60 Hz, which is the lowest frequency. This is in accordance with the theory that
the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. The greater the frequency, the
smaller the wavelength. In an open tube, three nodes are obtained.
V. References:
[1] Adinda I. P, Wulan. C. (2021). Laboratory Manual for General Physics I Modul. 34-38.