Foundation ( sees )

Footing ( dhidib)

Bending moment = qalooca wareeg

Deflection = daacsan
Shear = dhanbal
Engineering = tumaalnimo
Engineer = tumaal
Civil engineering = yagleelka
Structure = dhisme
Beam = dhud
Slab = gibil (heeryo)
Column = Tiir (udub)
Foundation = sees
Footing = dhidib

Waxa diyaariyay :

Cabdifatax xasan ( Tufaaye)

 Tusaale (Example)

Waxaad nashqadaysaa combined footing (laba dhidible)

Siin
1-Tiir laba jibaaran (square column) 300x300 mm

2-Tiir laba jibaaran(square column) 400x400mm

Caadiska ciidu waa (safe bearing pressure) = 300 KN/m2

Xooganaanta walxaha (strength of materials)
Shubka (concrete) fcu = 35 N/mm2
Garaayidka (steel) fy = 460N/mm2

Rarka ( loads)
Rarka dhintay (Dead load)
Rarka nool (Live load)

Isujirka labada tiir waa ( Space of two columns) = 3m

Dhanka yar ee dhidibka (foundation) qaado wax ka yar 1
X<1 dhinaca rarku u yaryahay
Isugaynta labada rar = 1000+200+1400+300 = 2900 KN
1-Raadi badka salka (Base area) kazoo qaad culayska dhidibka (footing) 250KN
Marka loo eego xaalad adeega sar-go,an ( Servicebility limit state).
Isugaynta labada rar = 1000+200+1400+300 +250= 3150 KN
Caadiska ciidu waa (safe bearing pressure) = 300 KN/mm2
3150
Badka salka ee loo baahanyahay ( area of base required) = = 10.5 m2
300

2-Resultant of column loads and centroid of base: (Helaadka rarka labada tiir iyo
badhtanka salka ) ka qaado tiirka 400x400 badhtankiisa
1200KN 2900KN 1700KN

A 3m B Y

Halkani waa badhtanka dhidibka (foundation)

Ka qaado wareega (moment) B fogaan (distance) ah 𝑥̅

3∗1200
2900*𝑥̅ = 3*1200 = 2900
= 1.24 sida awgeed 𝑥̅ = 1.24m

A = 10.5 qaado laba tiro oo tarantoodu intaa leegtay

Imika qaado 4.6x2.3 = 10.58 m2

3 – 1.24 = 1.76 m
𝟒.𝟔
X +1.76 = X = 2.3 – 1.76 = 0.54 m
𝟐

Y = 4.6 – (0.54+3) = 4 .6– 3.54 = 1.06 m

Therefore

X = 0.54

Y = 1.06

Badka (Area) = 4.6x2.3 = 10.58 m2

3. Bearing pressure at the ultimate limit state( Cadaadiska ku sar-go,an xaalaada ugu
saraysa)
column loads (rarka tiirka) = 1.4 x 1000+ 1.6 x 200+ 1.4 x 1400+ 1.6 x 300
= 1720 + 2440 = 4160 kN
Sidaa daraadeed
4160
Cadaadiska dhulku (earth pressure) waa = 2.3𝑥4.6 = 393KN/m2

Analysis( lafa-gurka)
Salka laba-dhidiblaha waxa loo tix galiyaa sidii dhud (beam) oo kale
W= 393x 2.3 = 904 KN/m

Shear (Dhanbal)
Shear force at (Awoooda dhanbalka) A = 0.54x904 = 488 KN
Shear force (Awooda dhanbal) dhinaca mig A = 488-1720 = -1232 KN
Shear force (Awooda dhanbal) dhinaca bidix B = 3x904 = -1232+(904x3) = 1480 KN
Shear force (Awooda dhanbal) dhinaca midig B = 1480-2440 = -960 KN
Bending moment (Qalooca wareeg)

𝒃𝒉 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒙𝟎.𝟓𝟒
Triangle (sadex xagal) ka A = = = 132 KNm
𝟐 𝟐
𝒃𝒉 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝒙𝟏.𝟎𝟔
Triangle (sadex xagal) ka B = = = 508 KNm
𝟐 𝟐

Maximum bending moment at point of zero shear( Ubadanaha qalooca wareeg ee bar eberka
dhanbalka)
1232
X = 904 = 1.364
𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏.𝟑𝟔𝟒
132 - = 708 KNm
𝟐
 Design (nashqadayn)
Dahaadhka (COVER) = 40mm
Diameter (dhexroorka) biraha sare (Top bars )= 20mm biraha hoose (Bottom bars) = 20mm
Kasoo qaad (Assume) qarada (Thickness of base) salka h=800mm
Sidaa daraadeed qotada saamaynta leh ( effective depth) waa mean depth = 800-40-20 -20/2 =
730mm for punching shear (dhanbal xorod)
Depth of longitudinal bars for base = 800-40-20 = 740mm

Nashqada wareega qalooc (bending moment design)

1-Longitudinal bending ( qalooca dhararan)

(i) Mid-span between the columns

𝑚 708𝑥106
K= = = 0.0187 < 0.156 OK section is singly reinforced
𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2 30𝑥2300𝑥7402

Gobolku waa hal dhinac garaayidle

Halkii bir badkeedu (area) waa:

Dhexroorka(diameter) = 20 mm
3.14𝑥202
= 314 mm2
4
2302
= 7.33 = qaado 9 birood
314

𝐴𝑠 = 9𝑥314 = 2830 mm2

 314
Isu-jirka( space) = x2300 = 255mm
2830
2302
Tirada biraha = + 1 = 8.33 = 9
314
2300
= 276 qaado 270mm
8.33

(ii) At the face of the 400 mm square column

P = 393x2.3 = 904 x 𝑦 2
0.40
Y = 1.06 - = 0.86
2

0.4 waa dhinac tiirka ka mida 400 mm to meter 0.4

Transverse bending ( Qalooca gudban)

Balaca laba u qaybi

2.3
= 1.15
2

Xisaabi dhuda laalaada (cantilever beam)

201
Isu-jirka = x1000 = 180 mm
1117

The transverse reinforcement should be placed at closer centres under the columns
to allow for greater moments in those regions.
Nashqada dhanbalka (Shear design)
Column face (wajiga tiirka)
Shear stress ( dhanbalka cadaadis gudeedka)

For 300 mm square column

N = 1.4x1000+1.6x200 = 1720 KN
Perimeter = 4x300= 1200mm

For 400 mm square column

N = 1.4x1400 + 1.6x300 = 2440 KN
Perimeter = 4x400 = 1600mm

Shear: punching shear cannot be checked, since the critical perimeter 1.5d from the
column face lies outside the base area. The critical section for shear is taken 1.0d from face of
the column
Dhanbalka shubka waxa lagu helaa jidkan