[Year]

AMBO UNIVERSITY WOLISO CAMPUS

SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTEMENT

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ASSIGNMENT

NAME: MATEWOS MELKAMU

ID/NO: 26116/11
 APPLICATION OF AI IN AGRICULTURE AND EDUCATION

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Challenges in Agriculture using traditional methods.............................................................................3
1.3 AI start-ups in Agriculture......................................................................................................................3
Below is the list of popular start-ups in Agriculture.............................................................................3
1.4 Agriculture Robotics..............................................................................................................................4
1.5 Drones, Satellites, and Planes................................................................................................................5
1.8 Challenges of AI adoption in Agriculture...............................................................................................8
1.9 Final Thoughts.......................................................................................................................................9

2. Artificial Intelligence in Education....................................................................9

2.4 Future of AI in Education............................................................................................................10
2.5 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................11

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1. INTRODUCTION

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in boosting agriculture and farming thus
helping agriculture-based economies to grow.

 Agriculture can take benefit from the emerging technologies like AI-based Automated
Robotic Systems to optimize irrigation, crop monitoring, farming, automate spraying and
optimize the exercise of pesticides and herbicides.

 Many mobile applications are available that leverage the power of AI to facilitate farmers
by offering a variety of functions from better trade opportunities to controlling and
boosting the fields yield.

 Agriculture is a massive industry that plays a vital role in maintaining the economy of a
country.

 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the best technological solution to cope with the rising
population and global climatic changes.

 AI is expanding its significant effects on world’s top important sector called Agriculture.

 AI in agriculture is proved to be a cutting-edge technology in getting high productivity

and better crop yield.

 Agriculture helps to control pests, organize farming data, produce healthier crops, reduce
workload, and many more.

 The major AI applications in making agriculture a smart field fall in three categories,
including:

Agriculture Robots (Agbots)

Drones, Satellites, and Planes

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1.2 Challenges in Agriculture using traditional methods

 Before understanding AI impact and application in Agriculture, we must understand what
the challenges in agriculture are by using traditional methods, which are given below:

 In farming, different weather factors such as Rainfall, temperature, and humidity play an
important role. Due to pollution, sometimes climate varies abruptly, and hence it becomes
difficult for farmers to make proper decisions for harvesting, sowing seeds, and soli
preparing.

 In the agriculture lifecycle, it is required that we save our crops from weeds. Else it may
increase the production cost, and it also absorbs nutrients from the soil.

1.3 AI start-ups in Agriculture

Below is the list of popular start-ups in Agriculture
1. Prosper: It is an Israeli start-up founded in the year 2014.

 This company creates intelligent solutions for efficient farming

 The device is powered by various sensors and technologies such as computer vision.

3. FarmBot: Farmbot is an open-source CNC precision farming machine and software package,
which is developed to grow crops by anyone at their own place.

4. Fatal: The use of AI in the agriculture industry is increasing day by day in various places
across the world.

5. One Soil: One soil is an application that is designed to help farmers to take a better decision.

1.4 Agriculture Robotics

 Artificial organizations are working to develop robots exceptional in performing multiple
tasks in real-time.

 They made them expert in controlling weeds and harvesting the crop in fields.

 The Agbot do their work at a faster speed with high accuracy than humans. Moreover, the

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researchers are determined to develop autonomous robots for picking and packing crops.

 Agricultural bots are also specialized in eliminating the weeds which are harmful and
resistant to herbicides.

 The Weed Science Society of America calculated that weed spreading might cause a loss
of nearly $43 billion worth crops per year.

Blue River Technology- Weed Control

 The company claims that its technology has the potential to eliminate 80 per cent of
spraying chemicals on crops. Additionally, it reduces 90 percent of expenditures on
buying dangerous herbicides that also affect healthy crops.

 There are 1 billion pounds of pesticides in use by the US community, according to a

report.

 The given robot is helping strawberry farmers in picking and packing the crop. Harvest
CROO Strawberry Robotics develops it to replace 30 humans by harvesting 8 acres per
day.

 It's estimated that farmer's loss millions of dollars of revenues because of the skilled
labour shortage in the farming region like California.

Many other agriculture robotics include:

Emerged Citrus Picking System: Specially made for citrus fruits; pick up fruit after every two
to three seconds. Besides, it is cheaper than human labour and affordable in price.

Vision Robotics: The VR team utilizes AI-system for trimming vineyard and retreating plants
with robotic arms

Ecorobotix: Sun-supported autonomous drone uses solar power to work all day.

Naio Technologies: Their system involves in preserving and protecting the environment around
fields.

Acrobat E-Series: These help treat strawberry plants. They come with twenty-four arms and not

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only pick strawberries but also identify ripened ones in farms.

Autonomous Tractors: These driverless tractors are self-driving but need massive investment
to buy them.

Blue River LettuceBot2: As its name shows, it's perfect for dealing with lettuce crops.

Agribotix: It’s a kind of drone specialized in monitoring a large area of crops.

RoBoPlant: It can be fully or partially automated with its machinery to manage greenhouse and
horticulture protection. These AI bots take peat seedlings, separate them, and plant them in
unique patterns.

1.5 Drones, Satellites, and Planes

Drones and planes help in collecting aerial data that’s as helpful as ground data in analysing farm
condition.

 The technology uses computer vision algorithms along with image annotation that
favors farmers in finding potential problems and their solutions.

 Drones, planes, and satellites can do analyzing and data collection job at a much faster
rate than humans.

1.6 Image-Based Insights for Crops & Soil Health

 Drone technology is beneficial for providing high-quality imaging and improving crop
monitoring procedure.

 It analyses, scans, and collects field data in real-time and assist in identifying crop
progress stage.

 It allows only healthy crops to grow in the field while eliminating the bad ones.

 They made it to monitor nutrient deficiencies in soil, pests, and identify potential plant
diseases.

 It uses image recognition technology, and farmers can use it even on their cellphone's

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screens; the app captures the plant's picture to detect if any defects present.

1.7 Benefits and Challenges of AI in agriculture

Advantages

 AI enables better decision-making

 Predictive analytics is really a boon for the agriculture industry.

 It helps the farmers solving the key challenges of farming, such as analysing the market
demands, price forecasting, and finding optimal times for sowing and harvesting the crop.

AI brings cost savings: Precision farming using AI-enabled equipment helps the
farmers to grow more crops with lesser resources and cost.

 AI provides the real-time insights to farmers that enables them to take proper decision at
each stage of farming.

AI reduces labour shortage.There has always been an issue of labour shortage in the
agriculture industry.

 AI can solve this issue with automation in farming. With AI and automation, farmers can
get work done without having more people, and some examples are Driverless tractors,
smart irrigation and fertilizing systems, smart spraying, vertical farming software, and
AI-based robots for harvesting.

 AI-driven machines and equipment are much faster and accurate compared to human
farmhands.

Weather & price Forecasting: As we have discussed in challenges that it is difficult for
the farmers to take the right decision for harvesting, sowing seeds, and soli preparing due
to climate change. r the next few weeks, which can help them to get maximum profit.

Health Monitoring of Crops: The quality of crop widely depends on the type of soil
and nutrition of the soil.

Agriculture Robotics: Robotics is being widely used in different sectors, mainly in

manufacturing, to perform complex tasks. Nowadays, different AI companies are
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developing robots to be employed in the Agriculture sector.

 These AI robots are developed in such a way that they can perform multiple tasks
in farming.

 AI robots are also trained in checking the quality of crops, detect and controlling
weeds, and harvesting the crop with faster speed compared to a human.

Intelligent Spraying: With AI sensors, weed can be detected easily, and it also detects
weed affected areas.

 There are different AI companies that are building robots with AI and computer vision,
which can precisely spray on weeds.

 The use of AI sprayers can widely reduce the number of chemicals to be used on fields,
and hence improves the quality of crops and also saves money.

Disease Diagnosis: With AI predictions, farmers can get knowledge of diseases easily. With
this, they can easily diagnose diseases with proper strategy and on time.

 It can save the life of plants and farmer's time. To do this, firstly, images of plants are pre-
processed using computer vision technology.

 This ensures that plant images are properly divided into the diseased and non-diseased
parts.

 After detection, the diseased part is cropped and send to the labs for further diagnosis.

 This technique also helps in the detection of pests, deficiency of nutrients, and many
more.

Precision Farming: Precision farming is all about "Right place, Right Time, and Right
products".

 The precision farming technique is a much accurate and controlled way that can replace
the labour-intensive part of farming to perform repetitive tasks.

 The data obtained from sensors is then fed to a machine learning model as input for

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stress recognition.

1.8 Challenges of AI adoption in Agriculture

By seeing the advantages of AI for sustainable farming, implementing this technology may seem
like a logical step for every farmer. However, there are still some serious challenges that
everyone knows, which are as follows.

Lack of familiarity with AI machines: Although there are lots of benefits of using AI in
agriculture, yet people are not familiar with the use of AI-enabled solutions and equipment
across most of the world.

 To solve the issues, AI companies should provide the basic equipment to farmers, and
once they get familiar with them, then provide them with advanced machines.

 Lack of experience with emerging technologies: The adoption of AI and emerging

technologies in agriculture for developing countries can be a challenging task.

 It will be very difficult to sell such technologies in the areas where there is no such
agricultural technology is being taken into use. In such areas, to use these technologies,
farmers need someone's help.

 Privacy and security issues: As there are still no clear regulations and policies for using
AI, it may raise various legal issues. Further, due to the use of software and the internet,
there may also be some privacy and security issues such as cyber-attacks and data leaks.

 All these issues can create a big problem for farm owners or farmers.

1.9 Final Thoughts

 There is a constant increase in the need for reliable and high-quality food providers; AI is
the only solution.

 It plays a vital role to meet the demands with advanced options like robotics, smartphone
apps, and imagery technology.

 The traditional approaches used by farmers are no more sufficient to achieve the demand

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and supply.

 AI has provided much automation in agriculture that helps farmers to monitor their crop
even when they are not in the fields.

 Many companies are working further to improve technology development in agriculture

not only to introduce automated methods but also protect crops yield from other factors
like environmental changes, growth in population.

 These new AI based innovations have also provided lot of employment opportunities for
many people.

 AI has redefined traditional methods to boost efficiency and crop production rate with
advanced approaches.

2. Artificial Intelligence in Education

Education is an important part of life for everyone, and a good education plays a vital role to
have a successful life.
 Developing new solutions for teaching and learning for different situations.

 Artificial Intelligence is a thriving technology that is being used in almost every field and
is changing the world.

 One place where artificial intelligence is poised to make education has given a
completely new perspective of looking at education to teachers, students, parents, and of
course, the educational institutions as well.

 AI in education is not about humanoid robots as a teacher to replace human teachers, but
it is about using computer intelligence to help teachers and students and making the
education system much better and effective.

 In future, the education system will have lots of AI tools that will shape the educational
experience of the future.

 Personalize education with AI: The main aim of Artificial Intelligence in education is
not to completely replace teachers. Instead, it aims to act as helping hands for teachers as

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well as students.

 Generating Smart content with AI: With AI, it is possible to generate smart content in
three ways:

 Digital Lessons: Nowadays, everything is becoming digital, and so the education.

Digital learning is being preferred in colleges with customization options, e-books,
study guides, bite-sized lessons, and many other things with the help of AI.

 Information Visualization: Visualizing things rather than listening is much more

efficient to understand in a better way and keep in mind for a long time.
Visualization, simulation, web-based study environment.

 Learning content Updates: Moreover, AI also helps in preparing the content of

lessons, keeping information up to date, and make it adaptable as per different
learning curves.

 Universal Access: One of the great uses of Artificial Intelligence of digital learning
in education is universal access to study material.

2.4 Future of AI in Education

As per the researches, in the near future, AI in education will step in three main ways, which are:

 Performance personalization

 Various new AI solution such as "Bright space insights" helps the instructor to track,
measure, and monitor the progress of learners, and also help them in this learning
journey.

 It provides a complete picture of the learning journey of a learner across the platform.

 Violation Bias: Human bias has always remained a hindrance in the education system
and also an issue in AI tools

 Combined Assistance: AI in education can solve this problem in the future with smart
classrooms with AI assistance who can provide necessary help to the teachers to give
their best.

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2.5 Conclusion
Artificial intelligence and its uses in our lives are growing day by day in many segments. In the
field of education, AI has started showing its influences and working as a helping tool for both
the students and teachers and supporting the learning process. But still, the use of AI in education
is not adapted by all the colleges completely, and it will take a long journey to do this. However,
studies show that in the near future, AI will have a good impact on the education sector. It is
currently transforming the education industry but is yet to show its real potential in education.
Further, learning from computer systems can be much helpful, but it is unlikely to fully replacing
human teaching in schools and colleges.

Trace Genomics is a California-based, AI-powered company that provides soil analysis services.
It helps the farmers in growing healthy crops and thus, increasing their productivity. Illumina is
the lead investor helped in developing this app with machine learning algorithms.

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