TRANSIENT PRESSURE ANALYSIS

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Example Problem No.1 Time: 12 mins

Dimensionless Time & Skin Factor Calculation

Use the data below to calculate the values left blank in the other two tables. Indicate
the units of each of your calculated variables. Show your work.
k = 10 md Bo = 1.35 bbl/STB
h = 110 ft ct = 16.8 x 10-6 psi-1
q = 321 STB/Day  = 21 %
rw = 0.28 ft o = 0.9 cp
Swi = 24 %

tD t (days) Skin Factor ΔPs (psi)

13000 5.1
230000 10.4
6300000 19.6

Example Problem No.2 Time: 15 mins

Drawdown Objectives
A well has the following data:
Pi = 3221 psi Bo = 1.12 bbl/STB
h = 185 ft ct = 12 x 10-6 psi-1
q = 123 STB/Day  = 16 %
rw = 0.24 ft o = 3.1 cp
Swi = 22 %

Suppose the well has been producing at a constant rate for 420 days. The well has
a productivity index of 0.44 stb/d/psi and a drainage area of A = 1.35 x 106 ft 2.
1. Calculate the pore volume and original oil-in-place (OOIP).
2. Calculate the average reservoir pressure at 420 days (use the tank model
approach).
3. Calculate Pwf at 420 days assuming that the well is in pseudo-steady state.
Example Problem No.3 Time: 13 mins

Drawdown Analysis
A “drawdown” flow test is conducted with a well flowing at constant rate.
The plot of Pwf vs. log(t) is attached. Calculate k and s from this plot, given the
following data: Page | 2

Pi = 4251 psi Bo = 1.25 bbl/STB

h = 110 ft ct = 21.3 x 10-6 psi-1
q = 241 STB/Day  = 23 %
rw = 0.28 ft o = 0.8 cp
Swi = 23 %
4400

4200

4000

3800
pwf, psia

3600

3400

3200

3000
1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
t, hours
Δt, hrs

Example Problem No.4 Time: 15 mins

Build-up Analysis
We have a discovery well in a potentially large reservoir. We want to evaluate the
well, so we produce it at constant rate of 310 STB/Day for 220 hours and then shut it
in. Below is the shut-in time and pressure data. Use the following data:
Swi = 22 % Bo = 1.12 bbl/STB
h = 85 ft ct = 12 x 10-6 psi-1
q = 123 STB/Day  = 16 %
rw = 0.24 ft o = 2.1 cp
 Shut-in Time Pws
t (hrs) Psi

7 3490
10 3590
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22 3710
55 3770
Make a Horner plot to analyze this as a build-up test and:
1. Determine the initial reservoir pressure
2. Determine permeability.

Example Problem No.5 Time: 15 mins

Draw-down Applications
Using the following data: ct = 35 x 10-6 psi-1, re = 900 ft, h = 24 ft, Bo = 1.15 BBL/STB,
qo = 125 STB/day, φ = 0.18.
Calculate:
1. Pore volume and
2. Oil-in-place from the following graph.

4400

4200

4000

3800
Pwf, psia

3600

3400

3200

3000
0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000

t, hours
Example Problem No.6 Time: 15 mins

Overview
1. What is the difference between k & ks.
2. How do you recognize each of the following factors:
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 Dual porosity transient.
 Hydraulic fracture.
 Wellbore storage.
 One fault present.
 Well interference

Example Problem No.7 Time: 15 mins

Build-up Applications
A well with disappointing productivity is perforated in 25 ft of a total formation
thickness of 50 ft. vertical and horizontal permeabilities are believed to be equal
(kH=kV). A pressure build up test was run on the well; results and basic properties are
summarized as follows:
Pwf = 1950 psi Pwf = 2200 psi
h = 20 ft ct = 15 x 10-6 psi-1
m = 75 psi/cyc  = 20 %
rw = 0.25 ft o = 1 cp

Calculate S, Sd and Sp
Example Problem No.8 Time: 15 mins

Time calculations
An Oil well was produced for 40 days before it was shut in for a build-up test. The
following reservoir data was available:
Pi = 4000 psi re = 2500 ft
h = 100 ft ct = 15 x 10-6 psi-1
k = 50 md  = 10 %
rw = 0.25 ft o = 1 cp
Sw = 20% Boi = 1.5 BBL/STB
The Oil well has the following production history:

Time (days) 0-10 10-22 22-30 30-35 35-40

Q (STB/Day) 1500 2000 1000 1500 750

Calculate the shut in pressure (Pws) after 5 hrs and 5 days of build-up by using "The Horner
Corrected Time Method" and t*-P*.
Example Problem No.9 Time: 30 mins

Boundary Effect
A well is drilled in the proximity of at least one fault. A pressure buildup test was
conducted on this well to confirm the presence of the fault. The following reservoir
data is available: Page | 5
q = 100 STB/Day Bo = 1.35 bbl/STB
h = 20 ft ct = 15.55 x 10-6 psi-1
tp = 20 hrs  = 12 %
rw = 0.33 ft o = 0.8 cp
And the pressures recorded during the test are listed below:
Flowing Time Pws Flowing Time Pws
t (hrs) Psi t (hrs) Psi

0 2826 1 2955.5
0.01 2913.8 2 2964.3
0.05 2926 3 2969.8
0.08 2929.5 4 2973.1
0.10 2931.4 5 2975.6
0.15 2934.7 10 2983.2
0.20 2937.3 20 2989.4
0.50 2946.9 30 2992.4
0.80 2952.6

Example Problem No.10 Time: 30 mins

Double Porosity Effect

The pressure buildup data below indicates that a double-porosity system as it is
tabulated below:
Shut-in Time Pws Shut-in Time Pws
t (hrs) Psi t (hrs) Psi

0.0 6352 0.533 6666

0.003 6617 1.067 6669
0.017 6632 2.133 6678
0.033 6644 4.267 6685
0.067 6650 8.533 6697
0.133 6654 17.067 6704
0.267 6661 34.133 6712
The following additional reservoir and fluid properties are available:
Pi = 6789.5 psi re = 2500 ft
h = 17 ft ct = 8.17 x 10-6 psi-1
q = 2554 STB/day  = 21 %
rw = 0.375 ft o = 1 cp
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tp = 8611 hrs Boi = 2.3 BBL/STB

Estimate the fracture storativity (F).

Example Problem No.11 Time: 15 mins

WBS Calculations
1. Calculate of wellbore storage constant for changing liquid level and fluid
expansion.
Given data:
D = 1000 ft o = 58 lb/cu.ft dtubing = 2” dcsg = 7 5/8”
The well has no packer and pumped down over the annulus space
2. Calculate of end of wellbore storage using the following relation:
tD = CsD(60+3.5s) and use Cs from the previous example use S=0 & S=10.
Given:
k =20 md h = 5 ft μo = 2 cp Ø = 0.20 rw = 0.32 ft
ct = 5x10-6 psi-1
Example Problem No.12 Time: 15 mins

Pressure Calculations
An oil well has been flowing for 10 days at a rate of 350 STB/D. Rock and fluid
properties are given below.
Pi = 3000 psi S = 0
k = 30 md ct = 5 x 10-6 psi-1
h = 100 ft  = 16 %
Boi = 1.13 BBL/STB o = 0.5 cp
rw = 0.333 ft

Calculate the pressure at radii of 10, 1000, and 3160 ft, at 1 and 10 days.