NALZARO, KATHLEEN ABEGAIL B.

DDM 2-A5
SAS 3: THE BACK AND SPINE

Check for Understanding (45 minutes)

Student will answer these questions and will rationalize this. Teacher will then confirm if answers are
correct and synchronously rationalize with the students. Students will be given 4S minutes to answer
the activity sheet.

1. These structures pass through transverse foramen:

a. Spinal column arteries
b. All of these
c. Cervical nerve plexus
d. Vertebral arteries

Answer: d. Vertebral arteries

Rationalization:

This ligament of the vertebral column is a series of 23 intersegmental ligaments that connect
the lamina of two adjacent vertebra from C-2 to the sacrum:
a. Supraspinous ligament
b. Intertransverse ligament
C. Ligamentum flavum
d. Interspinous ligament

Answer: c. Ligamentum flavum

Rationalization:

3. The highest content of elastic fiber is found in the ligament:

a. Posterior longitudinal
b. Ligamentum flavum
C. Anterior longitudinal ligament
d. Interspinous ligament

Answer: b. Ligamentum flavum

Rationalization:

4. The most superficial muscle in the posterior trunk

a. Semi-spinalis
b. Longissimus
C. Multifidus muscles
d. Rotation and suboccipital muscles
 Answer: b. Longissimus
Rationalization:

The bodies of the fifth to ninth thoracic vertebral are usually asymmetric because of:
a. None of these
b. Presence of pericardium and heart
c. Presence of thoracic aorta
d. Asymmetric ribs

Answer: d. Asymmetric ribs

Rationalization:

6. Which of the following is true of the atlanto-occipital joints?

a. All of these
b. The inferior and posterior aches of the atlas are united to the margins if the foramen
magnum
c. These are uniaxial, synovial paired joints
d. Nodding or “yes” movement occur in this joint

Answer: d. Nodding or “yes” movement occur in this joint

Rationalization:

7. The following statements characterize flexion in the lumbar spine, EXCEPT:

a. Flexion in the low back produces kyphosis
b. Involves relaxation of the anterior longitudinal ligament and stretching of the supraspinal
and interspinal ligaments the ligamentum flavum and the posterior longitudinal
c. To test, the subject bends as far forward as he can with knees straight and try to touch the
toes
d. There is no reversal of the normal lordosis during, the low back merely flattens out
e. Limited by the size of the vertebral bodies

Answer: c. To test, the subject bends as far forward as he can with knees straight and try to
touvh the toes
Rationalization:

8. After compression fracture of a vertebral body, stability of spine is maintained by which

ligament
a. Ligamentum flavum
b. Anterior longitudinal ligament
c. Posterior longitudinal ligament
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d.
S U
Interspinous ligament
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e. Supraspinous ligament

Answer: c. Posterior longitudinal

ligament
Rationalization:

9. The primary support for the low back in the position of full forward flexion is provided by the:
a. Abdominal muscle
b. Erector spinae
c. Iliotibial band
d. Vertebral ligament
e. Costovertebral ligaments

Answer: b. Erector spinae

Rationalization:

10. The spinous process of the following vertebrae lies above and below the interspace and since
they do not each other and mark the actual levels if the vertebral bodies, they make excellent
reference points from which to identify other vertebrae:
a. L4 and S1
b. L4 and LS
c. L3 and L4
d. S1 and S2

Answer: a. L4 and S1
Rationalization:

11. The following statements characterize the atlanto-axial joints, EXCEPT:

a. A pair ofalar ligaments serves to limit the rotation of the head
b. The atlas and axis are by three joints, two paired and one medially placed
c. The gliding movement occurs on the axis
d. The paired lateral atlanto-axial joints are plane joints and lie directly below the paired
atlanto-occipital joints
e. When the “no” movement occus, the atlas and axis move on the skull as a unit and the
medial atlanto-axial joint rotates in the collar formed by the anterior arch of the atlas and
 the transverse ligament

Answer: a. A pair of alar ligament serves to limit the rotation of the head
Rationalization:

12. The surfaces of this joint are nearly flat and circular. Gliding movement occur, the one that
shakes the head “no” movement
a. Axial-occipital joint
b. Atlanto-occipital joint
c. Atlanto-axial joints
d. None of these

Answer: c. Atlanto-axial joints

Rationalization:

13. Type of pivot joint in the body also called the “no”joint
a. Atlanto-axial
b. Atlanto-occipital
c. Temporomandibular
d. Acromioclavicular
e. Sternoclavicular

Answer: a. Atlanto-axial
Rationalization:

14. This bony mass is vaguely felt in the posterior midline of the neck about two fingerbreadths
beneath the occipital protuberance, it is the:
a. Inferior articular process ofC1
b. Spinous process of axis
c. Spinous process of axis
d. Odontoid process

Answer: c. Spinous process of axis

Rationalization:

1S. The primary curves are:

a. Cervical and sacral
b. Thoracic and sacral
c. Thoracic and cervical
d. Cervical and lumbar

Answer: b. Thoracic and sacral

 Rationalization:
16. The spinal canal is widest and least compromised at this level:
a. L4-S1
b. T10-T12
c. C3-CS
d. C3-C4
Answer: b. T10-T12
Rationalization:

17. The pedicle facet complex of the lumbar vertebrae normally bears this much percentage of
the intervertebral vertical load
a. 50%
b. 30%
c. 20%
d. 40%

Answer: b. 30%
Rationalization:

18. This structure consists of five rudimentary vertebrae fused together to form a wedge-shaped,
which is concave anteriorly
a. Pelvis
b. Sacrum
c. Coccyx
d. Perineum

Answer: b. Sacrum
Rationalization:

19. The annulus fibrosus composed ofa fibrocartilage, in which the collagen fibers are arranged in
concentric layering or sheets. The collagen bundles pass vertically between adjacent vertebral
bodies and their inclination is reversed in alternates sheets.
a. 1*t statement is true, 2nd statement is false
b. 1*t statement is false, 2nd statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

Answer: c. Both statements are true

Rationalization:
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20. Directed posteriorly from the junction of the two laminae.

a. Transverse process
b. Spinous process
c. Lamina
d. Pedicle
Answer: b. Spinous process
Rationalization:

21. All of these are characteristics ofa typical cervical vertebrae, EXCEPT:
a. The spines are small and bifid
b. The body is small and broad from side to side
c. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular
d. NOTA
e. AOTA

Answer: c. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular

Rationalization:

Ligaments of the atlantoaxial joints, EXCEPT:

a. Apical ligament
b. Alar ligaments
c. Cruciate ligament
d. Posterior atlantoaxial ligament
e. NOTA

Answer: d. Posterior atlantoaxial ligament

Rationalization:

23. Which of the following are superficial vertically running muscles?

I. Erector Spinae
II. Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
III. Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
IV. Transversospinalis
a. I and III are correct
b. II and IV are correct
c. I, II and III are correct
d. Only IV is correct
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Answer: a. I and III are correct
Rationalization:

24. Nerve supply of the back

a. Phrenic nerve
b. Subscapular nerve
c. Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
d. Anterior rami of the spinal nerves

Answer: c. Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

Rationalization:

2S. All of these movements occur at the vertebral column, EXCEPT:

a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Rotation
d. Circumduction
e. NOTA

Answer: d. Circumduction
Rationalization:
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