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Title:No more than 10 words

F. A. Author, S. B. Author Jr., T. C. Author III
Abstract: : The charge and discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery and LiFePO 4 battery is proposed in this paper. The
purpose of this paper lies in offering the pulse current charger of higher peak value which can shorten the charging time to
reach the goal of charging fast and also avoids the polarization phenomena produced while charging the voltage and current
signal simultaneously, supervising whole charging course of the battery, avoiding the situation of excessive charging, and
ensuring the life of battery. The hardware circuit of this pulse current charger adopts the power electronic elements for the
main structure, uses Digital Signal Processor as the core of the controller, and substantially decreases the volume of charger
and the loss of circuit. Besides, the input power supply of this charger is utility, greatly facilitating its using or carrying, which
contributes to the development of variety of electric equipments in the future.

INTRODUCTION1 sealed.) Because of our emphasis on portable batteries, we

focus on the SLA.
The lead-acid battery represents the oldest rechargeable
Unlike the flooded lead acid battery, both the SLA and VRLA
battery technology. Lead-acid batteries can be found in a
are designed with a low over-voltage potential to prohibit the
wide variety of applications, including small-scale power
battery from reaching its gas-generating potential during
storage such as UPS systems, starting, lighting, and ignition
charge. Excess charging would cause gassing and water
power sources for automobiles, along with large, grid-scale
depletion. Consequently, these batteries can never be
power systems. While inexpensive when compared to
charged to their full potential.
competing battery technologies, lead-acid cells have a
The lead acid is not subject to memory. Leaving the battery
significantly lower power density and higher weight, along
on float charge for a prolonged time does not cause damage.
with a lower cycle life. Recently, significant improvements in
The battery’s charge retention is best among rechargeable
the cycle life of lead-acid batteries have been achieved
batteries. Whereas the NiCd self-discharges approximately 40
through the incorporation of carbon into the negative plate,
percent of its stored energy in three months, the SLA self-
either as a direct addition to the negative active mass or as
discharges the same amount in one year. The SLA is relatively
an electrochemical supercapacitor. Carbon modification has
inexpensive to purchase but the operational costs can be
provided new life to aging lead-acid battery technology,
more expensive than the NiCd if full cycles are required on a
enabling its use in hybrid vehicles as well as stationary
repetitive basis.
storage.
Among modern rechargeable batteries, the lead acid battery
Invented by the French physician Gaston Planté in 1859, lead
family has the lowest energy density, making it unsuitable for
acid was the first rechargeable battery for commercial use.
Today, the flooded lead acid battery is used in automobiles, handheld devices that demand compact size. In addition,
forklifts and large uninterruptible power supply (UPS) performance at low temperatures is poor.
systems.
During the mid 1970s, researchers developed a maintenance-
free lead acid battery that could operate in any position. The
liquid electrolyte was transformed into moistened separators
and the enclosure was sealed. Safety valves were added to
allow venting of gas during charge and discharge.
Driven by different applications, two battery designations
emerged. They are the small sealed lead acid (SLA), also
known under the brand name of Gelcell, and the large valve
regulated lead acid (VRLA). Technically, both batteries are the
same. (Engineers may argue that the word ‘sealed lead acid’
is a misnomer because no lead acid battery can be totally
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