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Structural Change in Retailing
Structural Change in Retailing
Chapter - 2
RETAIL ORGANIZATION
The changing structure of retailing
• All dynamic developments in retailing (department stores,
warehouse clubs, and hypermarkets) are responses to a changing
environment
• Changing customer demand, new technologies, intense competition,
and social change create new opportunities even as they shake up
existing business
• The Internet and web technologies have itself created a myriad of
opportunities for web based business model of retailing
• This has created competition for the retailer in order to maintain
and grow its share of market and compete within its band of
retailers
• For e.g.: Bharat Petroleum - Making A Difference through Innovative
Retailing
Theories of structural change in
retailing
Theories of structural change in
retailing
Retailing has always been a dynamic industry. There are certain
theories of how firms evolve and change the industry in the
process. They are:
• The wheel of retailing
• The dialectic process
• Natural selection
The wheel of retailing
It was proposed by Malcomb McNair at Harvard University.
It is basically a theory of cyclical or circular development.
The wheel of retailing concept describes how retail
institutions transform during their evolutionary life cycles.
The wheel of retailing
1. New retailers often enter the market place with
low prices, margins, and status. The low prices
are usually the result of some innovative cost-
cutting procedures and soon attract competitors.
Example?
The dialectic process
Another theory explaining the changes that take place in the
retail institutions is the Dialectic process or ‘melting pot’ theory.
According to this theory, two institutional forms with different
advantages modify their formats till they develop a format that
combines the advantages of both formats
This second theory holds that retailing evolves through a
dialectic process- the blending of two opposite store types
into a superior form. For example- Fabindia and Nalli offer
both a wide array of customer services and a broad
assortment of specialized merchandise.
The dialectic process
Natural selection
According to this theory, retail stores evolve to meet
changes in the micro-environment. The retailers that
successfully adapt to
technological, social, demographic, economic, and political
changes are most likely to grow and prosper.
Classification of retail units
Discount Stores
For e.g.: Best Price, 7th avenue, Walmart, Target, No Frills
• Specialty Stores
For e.g.: Footware - Specialty Store
Khadder- Khadi Specialty
Hypermarkets
For e.g. : Hyperstar, Cosmo, Coscto
Methods of customer interaction
• Retail transactions are carried out through face-to-face
interaction between retailers and customers in the case of
retail stores.
• There are certain methods:
• Non-store retailers
• Electronic retailing like Internet and Mobile Association of
India
Catalogue and direct mail retailing
- Multilevel network
Television shopping
Television shopping is retail format where existing and
prospective customers watch a TV programme demonstrating a
product and then place an order for the same by telephone, e-mail
or Internet
Three types of television shopping: cable channels meant for
shopping, infomercials, and direct-response advertising shown on
TV
Vending machine retailing
A form of non-store retailing where products or services are placed
in a machine and are dispensed to customers when they deposit
cash or use plastic money (credit or debit card)
Vending machines vending machines offer consumers greater
convenience 24 hours a day, and have replaced many services
formally requiring a human interface