A LITERATURE REVIEW: IMPACTS OF SHOAL WATERCOURSES DURING TYPHOON ON ITS NEARBY

COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION

One of the major factors to strengthen flood management of the community is to have a proper channel
system that will restrict water from invading low-lying areas as much as possible. Thus, having shoal
watercourses may absolutely cause destructive damages to its nearby community most specially during
the typhoon onslaught.

MAIN BODY

Disaster risk management is vital in strengthening the resilience to and reduction of losses brought by
natural disasters (Alfonso et al., 2019). Furthermore, Marfai and King (2008) signified that inadequate
structural measures including drainage systems play important roles in the coastal inundations.
Similarly, Orale (2015) asserted that flooding in cities of developing countries is common, primarily due
to poor planning and project designing and execution. However, in areas where drainage and sanitation
are poor, water runs over the ground during rainstorms, picks up feces and contaminates water sources.
This contributes significantly to the spread of diseases such as typhoid and cholera, and may increase
the likelihood of contracting worm infections from soil contaminated by feces. Flooding itself may
displace populations and lead to further health problems (Kolsky P., 1998).

SUMMARY

United States Agency International Development (USAID, 2012) asserted that flood control structures
lessen harm to physical infrastructure and help to ensure continuation of communities' economic and
social activity. However, poor drainage can lead to flooding, resulting in property loss, and people may
even be forced to move to escape floodwaters. Flooding may also damage water supply infrastructure
and contaminate domestic water sources (Geneva, World Health Organization, 1991). In Taiwan mainly
at Tuku lowlands which are prone to inundation implemented an integrated drainage–inundation
model, combining a drainage flow model with a two-dimensional overland-flow inundation model to
evaluate the flood management approaches with damage loss estimation. The proposed approaches
include increasing drainage capacity, using fishponds as retention ponds, constructing pumping stations,
and building flood diversion culverts (Chang et al., 2013).
CONCLUSION

Since the research locale of the study is located at the coastal area wherein inundation commonly
happens, the study aims to empower the disaster risk reduction management through having a proper
flood control management in the watercourses at Barangay San Rafael, Pilar Sorsogon particularly at
Grotto Street. This will also serve as a guide for the local government unit on how to amend this issue
and to plan out the best solution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Marfai, M.A, King, L. (2008). Coastal flood management in Semarang, Indonesia. Environmental geology
55 (7), 1507-1518.

Alfonso, CD. Q., Sundo, M. B., Zafra, R. G., Velasco P. P. (2019). Flood risk assessment of major river
basins in the Philippines. International Journal 17 (64), 201-208.

Orale, R. L.(2015). Flood Risk Assessment in Post Antiao River Control Project in Catbalogan City,
Philippines. Countryside Development Research Journal 3 (02), 39-52.

Kolsky P. (1998). Storm drainage: an intermediate guide to the low-cost evaluation of system
performance. London, Intermediate Technology Publications.

United States Ageny International Development (USAID) (2012). Flood control structures addressing
climate change impacts on infrastructures: preparing for change.

Geneva, World Health Organization (1991). Surface water drainage for low-income communities.

Chang, H.-K., Tan, Y.-C., Lai, J.-S., Pan, T.-Y., Liu, T.-M., and Tung, C.-P., (2013). Improvement of a
drainage system for flood management with assessment of the potential effects of climate change.
Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (8), 1581–1597.
OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

—Shoal watercourses may cause destructive flooding during the typhoon strike. Thus, flood control
management should be strengthened to lessen the harm that the flooding may cause to its nearby
community.

MAIN BODY

—Disaster risk management is crucial to reduce the losses in lives as well as in properties. Flood control
management is one of the disaster management techniques to limit the inundations. Thus, insufficient
structural interventions and inadequate planning in project design, such as drainage systems, play a
major role in the coastal flooding. In addition, in areas where drainage and sanitation are poor, during
rainstorms, water spills over the land, collects feces and contaminates water supplies that may lead to
several health problems.

SUMMARY

—Flood structures may contribute help to mitigate the harm that the flood may cause. On the other
hand, poor drainage system may cause damages in lives and properties including water supply
contamination that is detrimental to human health. Several approaches may be implemented in order to
evaluate the drainage capacity leading to the betterment of drainages.

CONCLUSION

—To fortify the disaster management of the said community through improving the flood control
management to be initiated by the local government unit.