I

r
I

E lnce ri n 1 Notes on Noi se

\
I
\

I
co niinuni cat on n \
\
. i cd :, o U11 d" . UnWJ l7 1t·d ':i i13n ;;li dre c.J ll t:d noi-; c. \
, nll ' 111 •, ,111y u11w,1
11 · '
1
' In , 0 11 1111Ll ll U\ 1 ,
1 till' wo 1l'I n o ,l '

tl,1\!> it ,r ,1 11011 ol Noh(' :

·r Noise bul co nveni ently Noi se is clas sifi ed as
r1w,c ,1, c scvc ,JI w.1 y to cIJ SSI Y ,

1) Exte1n,ll Nois e

2) l11t e1nal Noise

Ext ernal Noi se:

Exte rn al nois e is defined as the type of Noise which is general externally due to communication system .
Ex tern al Noi se are analysed qualitatively. Now, External Noise may be classified as

a) Atm os ph eri c Noise: Atmospheric Noise is also known as static noise which is the natural source of
di sturbanc e caused by lightning, di scharge in thunderstorm and the natural disturbances occurring in

the nature.

b) Industrial Noise: Sources of Industrial noise are auto-mobiles, aircraft, ignition of electric motors and
switching gear. The main cause of Industrial noise is High voltage wires . These noises is generally
produced by the discharge pres ent in the operations .

c) Extraterrestrial N~ise: Extraterrestrial Noise exist on the basis of their originating source. They are

subdivided into

i) Solar Noise

ii) Cosmic Noise

Internal Noise:

Internal
or · th Noise· are the
h type of Noise which are generated internally or within th e Commu111cat1on
. . System
rn .e receiver.
des· f h T ey may be treated qualitatively and can also be reduced or m1111m1zed
. . . by the proper
rgn1ng O t e system. Internal Noises are cla ssified as

1) Shot Noise : These Noise are generally arises in the active devices due .
Charge particles or carries. In case of electron t b h . . to the random behaviour of
of electron form cathodes. u e, s ot Norse is produces due to the random emission

2) Partition Noise : When a circuit is to divide in between t

known as Partition noise . The reason for th . . wo or mo re path s then the noise generated is
e generation is random fluctuation ,·nth e dIVISIOn
. .. .
 -----
--
3) Low- Frequenc y Noise : They are also known as FLICKER NOISE. These type of noise are generally
observed at a frequency range below few kHz. Power spectral density of these noise increases with the
decrease in frequency . That why the name is given Low- Frequency Noise.

4) High- Frequenc y Noise : These noises are also known TRANSIT- TIME Noise. They are observed in t he
semi-con ductor devices when the transit time of a charge carrier while crossing a junction is compared
with the time period of that signal.

5) Thermal Noise : Thermal Noise are random and often referred as White Noise or Johnson Noise .
Thermal noise are generally observed in the resistor or the sensitive resistive compone nts of a complex
impedanc e due to the random and rapid movemen t of molecules or atoms or electrons.