USING IRON ORE WASTE AS AGGREGATE IN MAKING

K. 300 QUALITY CONCRETE

Rajiman*1, Muhammad Amin2, Harjianto Setiaji3

1
Bandar Lampung University
2
Mineral Technology Research of Indonesian Institute of Sciences – LIPI
3
Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai University
Korespondensi: rajimanmt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The main component of concrete is cement, water, and aggregate (fine and rough aggregate), with aggregate
constituting between 50% and 60% of total volume. Iron stone coming from nature is a material alternative
that can be used as rough aggregate in making concrete. This research was conducted by sieving iron ores with
sieving particle sizes of 2mm, 2-5 mm, 5-8 mm, and 10-12 mm. The compressive strength test was conducted
at 7, 14, and 28 days. The iron ore waste from iron processing can be used as aggregate for K 300 quality
concrete because the concrete compressive test result after 28 days by using sieving particle sizes of mesh 20,
mesh 5, mesh 8-10, and mesh 10-12 exceeded normal K 300 quality concrete with compressive strength scores
of 30.12 MPa, 38.90 MPa, 36.75 MPa, and 32.10 Mpa respectively, while normal K 300 quality concrete had
28.86 MPa compressive strength.

Keywords: Aggregate, compressive strength, concrete, iron ore, material

1. INTRODUCTION Integrated Office for Investment and Service of

Concrete is a composite building material
made from a combination of aggregate and
bonding cement. It is a composite material made
from aggregate bonding with liquid cement that
is hardening overtime [1]. Concrete main
components are cement, water, and aggregate
(fine and rough aggregate) with aggregate
constituting between 50% and 60% of total
volume. Aggregate is the most mined material
in the world and natural mineral particles
function as filing material in the mix of cement
or mortar [2]. Aggregate is responsible for unit
weight, modulus elasticity and stability of
concrete dimension because these
characteristics depend on aggregate physical
characteristics (strength and bulk density) [3].
The common rough aggregate in making
concrete comes from andesite stone grinded
with stone crusher and differentiated based on
its sizes. The andesite stone currently is used
widely as aggregate for construction sector,
especially infrastructures for roads, bridges,
buildings, and other facilities [4], but andesite
stone deposit is continuously decreasing
because of continuous production. Reports of
Lampung province showed that concerning
natural resource in Lampung, andesite stone
mining in Lampung reached 1,980,000,000 m3
in 2017 and the production has been increasing
so that andesite stone deposit is decreasing.
Therefore, alternative replacements for andesite
stone as rough aggregate in making concrete are
required.
Iron ore coming from nature is one of
alternative materials that can be used as rough
aggregate in making concrete beside stone.
According to Balance of Metal and Non-metal
Mineral Natural Sources from Geology
Resource Center in 2008, the primary iron ore
source in Indonesia was 3,257,171,469 tons and
reserve deposit of 87,228,005 tons.
There was a research [5] on becoming
laterite iron ore as find aggregate to replace sand
with the aggregate sizes of 19.5 mm, 12.5 mm,
9.5 mm, 5.0 mm, and 2.36 mm with 1:2:4 ratio
composition (cement : laterite iron ore : granite)
and water-cement ratio of 0.6. The iron ore
replaced sand by 25% and 50%. The testing
result showed that 25% laterite content mixture
by using rough aggregate sizes of 19.5 mm and

REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658 10

12.5 mm showed slum scores of 80 mm and 65
mm. It indicated that more water was needed for
smaller sizes of rough aggregate to obtain
medium work capability because of their surface
width. However, for rough aggregate with 2.36
mm, 5.0 mm, and 2.36 mm with 50% laterite
content, the slum score decreased to 0 mm, and
this showed a rigid consistence because of
laterite iron ore affinity for water and because of
wider surface wide related to smaller particle
size of the rough aggregate. The compressive
strength result showed that the concretes were
all normal with all granite particle sizes
including 0% of laterite content with a peak
compressive strength of 16 N/mm2 at 7 days and
24.44 N/mm2 at 28 days. Meanwhile, the
concrete with maximum laterite content of 50%
produced minimum strength of 14.2 N/mm2 at 7
days and 20.00 N/mm2 at 28 days. This
indicated that the compressive strength
decreased along with increasing laterite content
in the concrete [5].
A research on using hematite iron ore as
aggregate with maximum particle size of 20.0
mm with mixture of cement, sand, made into
concretes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm size and tested
at 7, 28, and 56 days, produced 28.1 N/mm2
compressive strength at 7 days, 49.7778 28.1
N/mm2 at 28 days, 53.926 28.1 N/mm2 at 56
days, and porosity 2.19% at 28 days [6]. A
research on characteristics of concrete mixed
with iron ore tailings or material coming from
iron ore processing waste in form of granules
that are mixed into the concrete to replace
natural sand with concentration of 0%, 25%,
35%, and 45%. The concrete slum test result
showed that the more iron ore waste was added,
then the slump score would be lesser. The
compressive strength test result of concrete with
150 x 150 x 150 mm cube size showed that the
longer the sample age, then the stronger the
compressive strength would be. The
compressive strength in 3 days was 17 MPa at
0%, 15 MPa at 25%, 17 MPa at 35%, and 14
MPa at 45%. The compressive strength in 7 days
was 27 MPa at 0%, 26.5 MPa at 25%, 28 MPa
at 35%, and 25 MPa at 45%. The compressive
strength in 28 days was 40 MPa at 0%, 39 MPa
at 25%, 41 MPa at 35%, and 38 MPa at 45% [7].
There was a research on making K 200
concrete with w/c ratio = 0.61 by using materials
from Lampung as aggregates; they were lime
stone, feldspar stone, basalt stone, granite stone,
and slag from iron ore smelting. The aggregates
REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658
to use were differentiated based on their types;
type A = 5-15 mm, type B = 15-25 mm, and type
c = 25-50 mm. The compressive strength test
was conducted at 21 days and the highest result
was obtained by using basalt stone aggregate.
They were 24.74 MPa for type A, 21.20 MPa for
type B, and 20.70 MPa for type C. The smallest
compressive strength was obtained by using
lime stone at 8.58 MPa for type C. [8]
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This research used literary study and
experiment methods. Literary study method was
used to see references related to this research,
while experiment method was done by
preparing research materials in forms of iron
ores, sand, and cement. Iron sand was sieved
according to desired particle sizes: passing sizes
of 2 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 8-10 mm, and 10-12 mm.
Sieved iron ores were mixed with sand, cement,
and water and then concrete cube samples for
testing were made with 150 x 150 x 150 mm
dimension. The reserachesign used iron ore
waste as aggregate in making concrete.
2.1. Materials and Equipment
Equipment in this research were Gold
series ohaus brand digital scale, memmert brand
oven, pyrex 25 mL measuring cup, Pyrex 50 mL
pycnometer, 1 set of multilevel siever, Wykeham
Farrance Engineering brand compressive
strength test machine made in England model
55104 with capacity of 1500 kN, pH indicator,
bucket, spatula, gloves, concrete mixer, beaker
glass, Pyrex made in Thailand (500 mL, 100
mL, 50 mL), 15cm x 15cm cube molding, Five
Goat brand analog scale made in China with
capacity of 5 kg, Sartorius brand analytic
weighing balance, XRF device, and SEM-EDS
device. Materials in this research were Portland
Cement Composite type I produced by PT.
Semen Padang Indonesia, water from laboratory
of chemical and non-metal analysis from
Mineral Technology Research office (BPTM) in
South Lampung district, iron ores and sand from
Tanjung Bintang.
2.2. Experiment Procedure
The procedure of mortar making was as
follows. Preparing iron ore waste material, and
then it was sieved by the following particle
sizes; passing 2 mm, 2 mm, 8-10 mm, and 10-
12 mm. Each of them was chemically analyzed
by using XRF. Prparing concrete making
11
materials; sand, water, Portland cement However, PCC cement is a type of cement
composite type I produced by PT. Semen that is widely used for building housing. Bridge,
Padang Indonesia, and iron ore according to office, etc., but this PCC cement is not
their respective particle sizes. Scaling each recommended for high multilevel buildings
material with composition ratio based on SNI because its quality is lower than OPC type, that
03-2834-2000 for K 300 quality and can be used for all types of constructions and
water/cement ratio or FAS = 0.52, with the infrastructures. This is because CaO content is
following respective composition; 413 kg of very influential in cement when it reacts with
portland cement, 681 kg of sand, 1021 kg of water to create Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH),
gravel or iron ore aggregate, 215 liter of water. and the use of lime stone accelerates CSA
If the mix was made in 10 kg, the composition cement hydration [9]. Pelletier-Chaignat et.al.
would be 1.773 kg of cement, 2.922 kg of sand, suggest that the use of lime stone would be more
4.382 kg of aggregate, and 0.923 liter of water. effective in improving CSA cement strength
The concrete mixture from respective compared to quartz powder [10].
composition was stirred by using concrete
mixer. Mixing was done evenly for ± 15 minutes Table 1. Cement type PCC and OPC testing
followed by watering into the concrete mixture results
with an objective to make the composition soft No. Chemical Type PCC Type OPC
composition type (%) (%)
to reduce cracking. The mix was then tested with 1. Silicon Dioxide 23,13 18,69
slump test. The mix was poured into molding (SiO2)
device with 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm size while 2. Aluminum Oxide 8,76 5,00
(Al2O3)
stabbed repeatedly by using taper iron stick to 3. Ferro Oxide (Fe2O3) 4,62 3,49
make the mix evenly filling the mold and then it 4. Calcium Oxide (CaO) 58,66 63,12
was left aside for 24 hours from the time it was 5. Magnesium Oxide 0,90 1,09
(MgO)
molded. The testing object was entered into a 6. Sulfur Trioxide (SO3) 2,18 2,95
water container for wet curing. Water 7. Loss on ignition 1,69 3,56
temperature was set to be room temperature at (LOI)
8. Free lime 0,69 1,27
230 to 320C.the compressive strength test was 9. Undissolved part 8,82 0,36
done by using standard of ASTM C 39-86
(1993) at 7, 14, and 28 days. The concrete then The XRF analysis result of iron ore
was tested physically and chemically with material as aggregate according to its respective
compressive strength test, absorption test, particle size can be seen in Table 2. Iron ore is
specific gravity test, and XRF chemical a mineral coming from nature that is dominated
analysis. by iron element and other impurity elements.
Iron ore can be used as aggregate. Based on
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION XRF testing result, Table 2 shows that sthe
3.1. The Raw Material Testing bigger the aggregate size, then the higher the Fe
Cement type PCC and OPC testing results content will be. The Fe content is 38.246% for <
by using can be seen in Table 1. Table 1 shows 2mm aggregate size, 47.460% for 2-5 mm size,
that CaO compound content at PCC cement is 49.330% for 5-8 mm size, 58.660% for 8-10
58.66%, and it is lesser than at OPC cement mesh aggregate and 69.225% for 10-12 mesh
(63.12%). CaO in cement is a dominant element aggregate. The bigger is the aggregate size, then
coming from lime stone raw material. The Cao the higher is the Fe content. The bigger
content is very influential to the drying speed of aggregate contains lower soil content at the iron
the cement mix or concrete. The higher is the ores or is cleaner, so that the iron ore is more
CaO content, then the faster would be the drying dominated by Fe. Soil existence at aggregate
process. The use of lime stone can also improve contaminate cement and it influences cement
sustainability of building material and reduce strength. A research result shows that soil
clinker component that consumes the most addition to cement can also improve cement
energy and produces the most CO2 during strength provided at particular soil amount
manufacture process [9]. added at drying and certain contamination
amount [11].

REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658 12

Table 2. Iron ore aggregate XRF testing result strength [13]. The slump content also meets the
Aggregate size (mm) standard by 4.56%, while the standard is below
Chemical
element 5%. It is because the sand coming from the
<2 2-5 5-8 8 - 10 10 - 12
beach is by sucking method has already be clean
Fe 38,346 47,460 49,330 58,660 69,225
because of mixed with water, so that the sand is
Si 3,847 5,216 3,567 5,788 1,416 free from excessive slump content. The good
K 2,528 2,211 3,500 1,554 1,317 aggregate must be strong, durable, and clean.
Al 1,372 2,163 1,640 2,444 1,875 The excessive slump and other impurity particle
Cl 1,525 1,185 1,319 1,295 - contents shall reduce bonding between cement
Ca 0,406 0,878 - - - paste and its aggregate. Aggregate strength
Mg - - 6,198 7,901 -
provides an important influence to concrete
strength and the characteristics of an aggregate
Ti - - - - 1,065
shall influence concrete durability and strength
S - - - - 0,864
[14].
Rough aggregate can be produced from
The sand to use in this research came nature and artificially. Coral stone is an example
from Pasir Sakti village, Labuhan Maringgai of of natural rough aggregate. Artificial rough
East Lampung district. The physical testing aggregate can be produced from andesite stone
result of Labuhan Maringgai sand can be seen in crushing and limestone. This research used iron
Table 3. ore from Karnataka, India, as the rough
aggregate that has the following chemical
Table 3. The physical testing result of sand as composition; Fe = 63.84%, SiO2 = 2.64%, Al2O4
fine aggregate = 3.98 %, CaO = 0.14%, and MgO = 0.08%. The
No. Test Percen Stand Descriptio reason to select iron ore as the rough aggregate
tage ard n
1. Sand gradation 2.3 2.2 - qualified was that because it had irregular shape, rough
(fine granular 3.2 and sharp surface, durable against wheatear and
modulus)
2. Specific gravity 2.03 - Mild
indestructible, high hardness index by 5.5-6.5
g/cm3 aggregate Mohs scale, and gradation resistance [15]. The
3. Slump content 4.56 % ≤5% qualified iron ore testing result and material requirements
4. Water content 0.45 % - acceptable
humidity
as rough aggregate based on ASTM C35-37 can
5. Sand absorption 6% 13.27 qualified be seen in Table 4.
% Table 4 shows that slump content of iron
(Max.)
ore aggregate with sizes less than 2 mm and 2-5
mm exceed required threshold, while for 5-8
Table 3 shows the sand testing result as mm, 8-10 mm, and 10-12 mm sizes still satisfy
fine aggregate. The sand from Labuhan the requirement. It is because finer iron ore
Maringgai belongs to fine sand with 2.3 fine aggregate will be mixed with fine soil that enter
granular modulus (FGM) and it satisfies a into aggregate pores, so that when the aggregate
standard of becoming fine aggregate in concrete is washed, soil will be cleansed by water as
making. The sand granule size distribution slump. Bigger size aggregate contain less
influences mortar strength. When the granule attached soil, so that not much soil enter into
has uniform size, then sand pore volume will be aggregate pores and lesser soil will be cleansed
bigger. Oppositely, when the sand granule size by water and the slump content will be lower.
varies, sand pore volume will be lower. This is The slump content is very influential at the
because smaller size granules will fill pores concrete making process, because much more
between bigger granules, so that the pores will slump content will cause concrete cracks. It also
be lesser (high density) [12]. Aggregate fineness influences absorbed water content at the
or roughness can influence concrete aggregate, because the more slump content at
workability. If there is too much fine aggregate the aggregate will make more water absorbed by
in the concrete, it will cause thin layer of fine the slump, while the more aggregate water
aggregate and cement will rise up influencing absorption will cause longer time for concrete
the cement reactivity, so that it will be very drying.
suitable to be fillers, to reduce initial porosity of
the mixture and to improve concrete final

REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658 13

Table 4. Physical testing result of iron ore base on aggregate size
Aggregate testing Iron ore aggregate size (mm) ASTM C 35-37
<2 2-5 5-8 8 - 10 10 - 12
Specific gravity (g/cm3) 2.35 2.51 2.55 2.59 2.63 2.5 – 2.7
Slump content (%) 13.09 9.93 3.09 0.41 0.11 Max. 5
Water absorption (%) 23.19 21.86 6.42 5.49 3.37 2-7
Solid volume weight 2.43 2.61 2.67 2.72 2.76 >1.2

3.2. Concrete Product Testing Result [20]. Smaller aggregate size will have wider
3.2.1 The concrete slump testing (based on surface area and bigger friction, and will require
SNI 1972: 2008) more water, and the mix becomes rigid while
The objective of slump testing is to find temperature and mixing speed also influence the
out the concrete mix thickness and workability. slump score [21]. Table 4 shows that concrete
It is related to whether water mixed into with aggregate sizes < 2mm, 2-5 mm, 5-8 mm,
concrete mix is either too watery or not. Too 8-10 mm, and 10-12 mm have slump scores of
much water mixed into the concrete will 1.2 mm, 1.7 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.3 mm and 2.5 mm
influence concrete strength and longer drying respectively. All of them satisfy the requirement
time. The concrete slump testing result can be standard for road and foundation construction
seen in Table 5. (slump score for road = 0-25 mm; slumps score
for foundation = 10-40 mm). Meanwhile,
Table 5. Concrete slump testing based on iron according to ACI standard, only concrete with
ore aggregate sizes aggregate size of 10-12 mm with slump score 25
No. Aggregate size (mm) Slump test result mm will satisfy ACI standard. Concrete
(cm)
1. <2 1.2 compressive strength test (ASTM C 579-01,
2. 2-5 1.7 2001).
3. 5-8 2.1 The objective of concrete compressive
4. 8 – 10 2.3
5. 10 - 12 2.5
strength is to find out the magnitude of load per
width unit before finally the testing object be
The slump scores according to aggregate crushed by a particular load produced by
sizes in Table 5 indicate that the higher is the compressive strength machine. The
aggregate size, then the higher will be the slump compressive strength test result for the concrete
score or in other words the bigger concrete using iron ore aggregate can be seen in Table 6.
decadence score measured by Abrams device. In
addition, other factors that influence slump Table 6. The compressive strength test result of
score are aggregate type, aggregate size, concrete based on iron ore aggregate
aggregate absorption, water amount or water sizes
Compressive strength test
ratio compared to cement, and whether No. Aggregate size result (MPa)
aggregate surface is smooth or rough [16]. The (mm) 7 days 14 days 28 days
age age age
higher is the aggregate size, then the higher the 1. <2 21.73 26.82 30.12
slump score. It is caused by the aggregate 2. 2-5 28.18 32.44 38.90
granule gradation changes that influence 3. 5-8 26.21 31.98 36.75
concrete workability. Bigger aggregate granule 4. 8 – 10 25.26 29.36 35.66
will produce higher workability, because bigger 5. 10 - 12 22.77 26.89 32.10
6. Standard for 18.49 22.74 28.86
granule tends to have smaller friction, so that the normal
same composition will need more water, the mix concrete
becomes more watery. A concrete mix with
smaller aggregate size will have wider surface Table 6 shows concrete with bigger size
area with greater friction, so that it will make of iron or aggregate will have lower
more rigid mix [17], and this will influence compressive strength score compared to the one
concrete decadence score [18]. The bigger using smaller size of iron ore aggregate. It is
aggregate size require lesser water [19] so that it because the influence of aggregate size
will proportionate with the fresh concrete gradation to concrete density and porosity
workability with constant cement/water ratio levels. A good gradation shall produce

REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658 14

maximum density and minimum porosity.
Aggregate gradation role is a factor that must be
consider. A good gradation is the continuous
gradation where all granule sizes in an aggregate
will create heterogenic granules. Heterogenic
granules shall mutually filling empty pores
according to their respective sizes [17]. Table 6
shows that concrete with aggregate size < 2 mm
has compressive strength of 21.73 MPa, while
concrete with aggregate size of 2-5 mm has an
increased compressive strength score of 28.18
MPa. However, the scores decrease at concretes
with aggregate sizes of 5-8 mm, 8-10 mm, and
10-12 mm by 26.21 MPa, 25.26 MPa, and 22.77
MPa respectively at 7 days. Nevertheless, their
compressive strength scores are stronger than
standard concrete with compressive strength of
18.49 MPa. The bigger is the concrete aggregate
size, then the lower is the concrete compressive
strength, and vice versa [19]. It also applies with
concrete ages at 14 and 28 days. Besides
aggregate size, the concrete age also influence
concrete compressive strength. The longer is the
concrete age for testing, then the higher is the
concrete compressive strength. This is
influenced by hydration reaction occurring the
cement. The compressive strength scores of 14
days concrete age according to aggregate sizes
in order are the following; 26.82 MPa at < 2 mm
aggregate size, 32.44 MPa at 2-5 mm aggregate
size, 31.98 MPa at 5-8 mm aggregate size, 29.36
MPa at 8-10 mm aggregate size, and 26.89 MPa
at 10-12 mm; while standard concrete
compressive strength is 22.79 MPa at testing
after 14 days. The compressive strength scores
of 28 days concrete age according to aggregate
sizes in order are the following; 30.12 MPa at <
2 mm aggregate size, 38.90 MPa at 2-5 mm
aggregate size, 36.75 MPa at 5-8 mm aggregate
size, 35.66 MPa at 8-10 mm aggregate size, and
32.10 MPa at 10-12 mm; while standard
concrete compressive strength is 28.86 MPa at
testing after 28 days. The concrete compressive
strength improvement by using iron are
aggregate is because iron ore particle density
can reduce concrete porosity, so that when
soaking maintenance is done, it will improve γ-
ray [22]. In addition, concrete porosity is also
related to concrete absorption score. The higher
is the concrete porosity, then the higher is the
water absorption. Concrete porosity and
absorption are also influenced by aggregate
sizes that finally affect the compressive
strength. The bigger aggregate size will have
REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 14. No.1 – 2020 ISSN 1978 - 5658
wider pores that influence the concrete density.
Because, while cement is binding aggregate
granules, some aggregate are left unbound, so
that they create pores that create concrete pores
[23][24]. Cavities in the concrete are caused by
air bubbles created during concrete molding.
These bubbles is created by excessive water use,
or by bigger water ratio than cement. These
excessive water will use some concrete spaces
and when the concrete has dried and hardened,
it will leave concrete cavities and finally the
concrete is less dense. This influences the
concrete compressive strength. The
water/cement ratio used in this research was in
normal limit by 0.52, so that the produced
compressive strength scores were still above
compressive strength of normal concrete by
18.49 MPa at 7 days, 22.74 MPa at 14 days, and
28.86 MPa at 28 days. The bigger is the
aggregate size, then the lower is the compressive
strength score [20].
3.3. Concrete Porosity Test (SNI 1969-2008)
The objective of concrete porosity test is
to find out the amount of water absorbed by
concrete. This is influenced by cavities inside
the concrete. The more pores in concrete will
cause wider surface width, and the more water
will be absorbed. This is caused by incorrect
material composition and quality in concrete
making. The concrete porosity scores according
to aggregate sizes are presented in Table 7.
Table 7. Concrete porosity test result according
to aggregate sizes at 28 days
No. Aggregate sizes (mm) Absorption test result
(%)
1. < 2 5.70
2. 2-5 3.65
3. 5-8 5.78
4. 8 – 10 6.46
5. 10 - 12 7.12
6. Normal concrete 7.24
Table 7 shows that the highest concrete
porosity score by 7.12% against water is obtain
by the concrete using aggregate size of 10-12
mm. Other concrete porosity scores by using
aggregate sizes of mesh 2-5, mesh 5-8, mesh 8-
10 and mesh 10-12 are increasing at 3.65%,
5.78%, 6.46% and 7.12% respectively. Porosity
score of concrete using aggregate size of mesh
20 is higher (5.70%) compared to the concrete
using aggregate size less than mesh 20. Concrete
porosity score increases along with bigger
aggregate size, because aggregate size influence
15
pores or cavities created inside the concrete. The
bigger the aggregate size is, then the bigger is
the cavity in the concrete. This makes concrete
absorbing more concrete and this influences the
concrete quality. The bigger is the concrete
porosity, then the weaker is the compressive
strength score. Concrete porosity is also
influenced by hydration reaction result between
cement and water [25]. However, all absorption
scores in this research are still better compared
to standard concrete absorption (7.24%), while
required concrete absorption score is maximum
6.5%. Therefore, the absorption score of
concrete using aggregate size of mesh 10-12 mm
exceeds the maximum requirement of concrete
absorption by 7.12%.
4. CONCLUSION
Iron ore waste from iron ore processing
can be used as aggregate in making K 300
quality concrete because the compressive
strength testing results at 28 days exceed normal
K 300 concrete compressive strength by 28.86
MPa. The compressive strength scores of the
concrete using iron ore aggregate sizes of mesh
20, mesh 20, mesh 5, mesh 8-10 and mesh 10-
12 mm are 30.12 MPa, 38.90 MPa, 36.75 MPa,
and 32.10 MPa respectively.
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