Module 5 Study Guide/Guided Notes

05.01 Space and Beyond Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 describe the astronomical bodies in the universe

 distinguish the hierarchical relationships between objects in space
 explain how distances are measured in space

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What are astronomical bodies?  

All existing matter and space is referred to as  

the _______________.

Describe these astronomical bodies that exist  

in our universe:

o Galaxy:
o Solar system:
o Star:
o Sun:
o Planet:
o Moon:
o Comet:
What is the relative size and composition of  
the universe, a galaxy, and a solar system?

Is the universe endless?  

___________ miles per second is the speed of  

light as it travels in space.

How can light speed be used to calculate  

distances between objects in space?

Why are different units of measurement used  

for distances in space?

A _________ is the distance light travels in  

one year. How many miles is this?

What and how long is an astronomical unit  

(AU)?

When is it useful to use astronomical units  

and light years for measuring distances in
space?

The Size of the Universe Video:

 Key Questions and Terms Notes
The universe is composed of about 100  
billion___________ grouped into
________________.

Our galaxy, the ______________, contains  

more than 200 billion stars.

Our solar system is more than _________ in  

diameter.

Earth is one million times smaller than the  

________.

What do we still not know about the size of  

the universe?

05.02 Galaxies Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 classify galaxies by their shapes and structures

 describe the formation of our galaxy

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

How are galaxies classified?  

How was our galaxy formed?  

What is the structure of our galaxy?  

Clusters of Galaxies Video:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What are clusters?  

What is a galaxy a collection of?  

Describe the four main shapes of galaxies.  

 Spiral:
 Elliptical:
 Lens:
 Irregular:

The most common shape of galaxies is  

___________. The least common shape is
irregular.

Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a ___________  

galaxy.

What is the estimated number of galaxies in  

the universe? What is the average number of
stars in each galaxy?

Milky Way Video:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

The Milky Way has a ___________ that  
contains tens of billions of stars.
Explain how the Milky Way got its name.  

The Milky Way measures _________ light  

years in diameter.

Describe the structure of our galaxy, including  

its spiral arms.

Our solar system is in the _______ arm of the  

Milky Way galaxy, 28,000 light years from its
center.

05.03 Stars Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 explain how the appearance of stars depend on their physical properties

 classify stars according to their physical properties
 interpret a Hertzsprung-Russel (HR) diagram

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

The brightness of a star as measured from  
Earth is called its _____________.

What is a star's absolute brightness?  

What does the color of a star reveal about  

the star?
How does the size of a star influence its  
brightness?

What is a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR)  

diagram?

How are stars categorized using an HR  

diagram?

What are some properties of the four  

categories of stars?

 Supergiants:
 Giants:
 Main sequence:
 Dwarfs:

What is the approximate absolute  

brightness and temperature of the dwarf
star labeled A?

What is the approximate absolute  

brightness and temperature of the main
sequence star labeled B?

What is the approximate absolute  

brightness and temperature of the giant star
labeled C?
What type of star has an absolute brightness  
of 5 and a surface temperature less than
2,500 °C?

The Origin and Classification of Stars Video

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What determines the fate of a star?  

What is a nebula?  

How are proto-stars formed?  

What happens within a proto-star to create a  

star?

Usually, the ____ stars are the hottest stars.  

What color are the brightest stars?  

Our sun is a ________-sized star with a

temperature around 6,000 degrees Celsius.

05.04 Solar Properties Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 describe the structure and layers of the sun

  describe the physical properties of the sun

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What is the structure of the sun?  

Briefly describe each of the sun's layers:  

 Inner core:
 Radiative zone:
 Convective zone:
 Photosphere:
 Chromosphere:
 Corona:

 
During convection, _________, less dense

fluid rises and ________, denser fluid sinks.

What are the physical properties of the sun?  

Solar Properties Video:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What causes the magnetic fields on the sun?  
Describe sunspots.  

Describe solar flares.  

Describe solar prominences.  

Describe coronal holes.  

What happens to Earth when large magnetic  

storms from the sun bombard our atmosphere?

Does the sun rotate on an axis? Explain your  

answer using evidence from the video.

05.05 Advanced Space Weather Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 relate the dynamic properties of the sun to conditions and events on Earth
 describe the role of the sun as the main source of energy for Earth
Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What causes solar winds?  

(Advanced)

How do auroras form in Earth's outer  

atmosphere?

(Advanced)

Where do the auroras occur? Where are you  

most likely to see them?

(Advanced)

How do solar flares affect Earth?  

(Advanced)

How do coronal mass ejections cause solar  

storms?

(Advanced)

What are some predicted effects of a CME  

hitting Earth now?

(Advanced)

Why do we need the sun?  

(Advanced)

Snapshots from the Edge of the Sun Video

Key Questions and Terms Notes

The sun is a mass of ________ particles and  
_______ fields.
(Advanced)

We call the sun's atmosphere the __________.  

(Advanced)

The steady breeze of particles flowing out from  

the sun and filling the space between the
planets is the _____________.
(Advanced)

About 20 million miles out from the sun, the  

sun's ________ field no longer controls the
movement of the charged particles.
(Advanced)

Space Weather Video

Key Questions and Terms Notes

When do solar flares happen on the sun's  
surface?

(Advanced)

M-class flares can cause brief ____ blackouts  

at the poles and minor radiation storms that
might endanger ________.

(Advanced)
A powerful ______ flare can create long-  
lasting radiation storms, which can harm
satellites and even expose airline passengers
flying near the poles to small doses of
radiation.
(Advanced)
X-class flares also have the potential to create  
global transmission problems and worldwide
___________.

(Advanced)

Coronal Mass Ejection Video:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

A __________ is a huge cloud of plasma burst  
out of the sun's atmosphere and is held together
with magnetic fields.
(Advanced)

An average CME travels at about _____  

million miles per hour.
(Advanced)
05.06 Electromagnetic Spectrum Guided Notes
Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 explain the difference between wavelength and frequency

 distinguish between the different forms of radiation
 describe the application of the electromagnetic spectrum in exploring space

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

The ___________________ is a range of  
wavelengths and frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation.
What is radiation?  

A _____________ is the distance between the  

crests of successive waves.

What is a frequency?  

What do hertz (Hz) measure?  

What is the relationship between wavelength  

and frequency of radiation on the
electromagnetic spectrum?

What are the different forms of radiation on  

the electromagnetic spectrum?

The Electromagnetic Spectrum Video:

 Key Questions and Terms Notes
______________ at astronomical  
observatories capture this light even better,
providing a clearer picture of our galaxy.

___________ waves are the only waves,  

besides visible light, to reach Earth's surface.

____________ telescopes can reveal the  

existence of pulsars in space.

____________ measure the temperature  

variations in the universe.

____________ waves show the heat emitted  

by celestial bodies.

____________ rays are used to study hot  

stars.

____________ rays can detect the presence of  

interstellar gas clouds.

____________ rays show areas where large  

quantities of energy are released.

05.07 Space Technology Guided Notes

Objectives:

In the lesson, you will:

 describe the technologies used for exploring and understanding space

 examine how advances in space exploration have led to technologies adapted for personal use
 explain the impact space exploration can have on a region

Big Ideas:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

What are the various types of technologies  
used for exploring and understanding space?

A _________ is a satellite or other spacecraft  

designed to explore space and transmit data
back to Earth.

What are the purposes of these items aboard  

the Voyager probes?

 Low-energy particle detector:

 Magnetometer boom:
 High-gain antenna:
 Photopolarimeter:
 Cosmic ray:

How have advances in space exploration led to  

technologies adapted for personal use?

How can space exploration impact the  

economy and culture of a region?

The Hubble Space Telescope Video:

Key Questions and Terms Notes

The Hubble Space Telescope is a bus-sized  
satellite powered by huge _________ panels.

The Hubble Space Telescope is equipped with  

a mirror 2.5 meters in diameter, which senses
cosmic rays from ________ to __________.

What allows the Hubble Space Telescope to

take exceptionally clear images?