ASSIGNMENT

ON
The Global Impact of The Black Death

1. Salman Sakib Shahryar ( 201012029 )

2. Md. Sabit Hasan ( 201011136 )
3. Shatabdi Mondal Shila ( 201014068 )

Submitted To

Gazi Md. Mizanur Rahman

Course Details

World Civilization ( GED 201 )

Section – 07

Summer 2021
What is The Black Death?
( Salman Sakib Shahryar )

The Black Death, a worldwide pandemic that completely destroyed Europe from 1347 to 1351,
claimed a higher number of victims than any other known epidemic or even war. It is generally
believed that the Black Death was the result of bubonic plague, which was caused by infection
with the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Modern genetic analysis indicates that the Y. pestis strain
introduced during the Black Death is the ancestor of all circulating strains of Y. pestis known to
cause disease in humans. Thus, the origin of the modern plague is in the medieval period.

Outburst

The disease extended to colonies after colonies of rats in the locality and transmitted to the inhabitants
in the same way. It took a while for people to recognize that a terrible epidemic ends between them and
the columnists noted that. The time scale varies: in the field has taken about forty days to make dawn;
in most cities with a few thousand inhabitants, six to seven weeks; in

Cities of more than 10,000 inhabitants, about seven weeks, and in the few metropolises of more than
100,000 inhabitants, up to eight weeks.

How it spreads?

The wound bacteria can leave the bubbles and be transported by the blood circulation for the
lungs and cause a variant of the plague that spreads by the contaminated droplets of the cough
of patients (pulmonary plague). However, contrary to what one sometimes believes, this form
is not easily contracted, it normally spreads episodic or elsewhere and constitutes, therefore,
most often as a small fraction of the cases of Prague. It now seems clear that human fleas and
lice have not contributed to the diffusion, at least not significantly. The bloodstream of human
beings is not invaded by the plague of baccias of bubbles or people die with such bacteria in the
blood that blood human parasites are not sufficiently infectious to become infectious and
propining the disease: the blood of Plague rats It contains 5001,000 times more bacteria per
unit of measurement than the blood of humans pierced.
Crucially, the plague has been spread through considerable distances through mouse chips in
ships. The infected gerbils will die, but their fleas generally survive and find new mouse hosts
wherever they are. Unlike human fleas, mouse chips are suitable for overlapping the host; They
also easily penetrate the clothes of people entering affected houses and move with them to
other homes or places. This gave plague a specific pace and pace of development and a
characteristic propagation scheme. The fact that the bubonic plague is transmitted by the
mouse chips means that the bubonic plague is a disease of the hottest stations, disappearing
during the winter or at least losing most of its ability to propagate. The distinctive seasonal
models of Prague have been observed everywhere and constitute a systematic characteristic of
the spread of Black Death. In the history of Prague in Norway, from the black death of 1348-49
to its final epidemic in 1654, which included more than thirty plunges, there has never been a
winter plague. The plague is very different from airborne infectious diseases, which are
transmitted directly between humans through droplets: these diseases develop in the cold
climate.

Symptoms

● Fever,
● Chills,
● Weakness,
● Headache, and
● Swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes.

Treatments
( Md. Sabit Hasan )

One of the worst pandemics in human history was Black Death. In the 14th century, at least 75
million people on three continents perished due to the painful, highly contagious disease.
Originating from fleas on rodents in China, the “Great Pestilence” spread westward and spared
few regions. In Europe’s cities, hundreds died daily and their bodies were usually thrown into
mass graves. The plague devastated towns, rural communities, families, and religious
institutions. Following centuries of a rise in population, the world’s population experienced a
catastrophic reduction and would not be replenished for more than one hundred years. The
three plagues associated with the Black Death are now known to be caused by bacteria called
Yersinia Pestis, which is carried and spread by fleas on rats.In the 1347 - 1350 outbreak, doctors
were completely unable to prevent or cure the plague. For those who believed in the Greek
humours there were a range of cures available. ‘Blood-letting’ – deliberately bleeding a vein –
was a way of reducing ‘hot’ blood, whilst blowing your nose or clearing your throat was a way
of getting rid of too much ‘cold’ phlegm. Mustard, mint sauce, apple sauce and horseradish
were used to balance wet, dry, hot and cold in your diet! Some of the cures they tried included:
Rubbing onions, herbs or a chopped up snake (if available) on the boils or cutting up a pigeon
and rubbing it over an infected body.
Drinking vinegar, eating crushed minerals, arsenic, mercury or even ten-year-old treacle! Sitting
close to a fire or in a sewer to drive out the fever, or fumigating the house with herbs to purify
the air.
People who believed God was punishing you for your sin, 'flagellants', went on processions
whipping themselves.In the 1361 - 1364 outbreak, doctors learned how to help the patient
recover by bursting the buboes.
Doctors often tested urine for colour and health. Some even tasted it to test.

Economic Advancement

The Black Death finally lapsed in approximately 1350, and profound economic changes took
place. Worldwide trade declined, and wars in Europe paused during the Black Death. People
had abandoned farms and villages during the plague. Serfs were no longer tied to their previous
plot of land. Due to a severe labor shortage, serf survivors were able to demand higher wages
and better working conditions from their new landlords. This may have contributed to the rise
of capitalism. Many serfs moved to cities and contributed to the rise in urbanization and
industrialization.

Effect on Eurpoe
( Shatabdi Mondal Shila )

Europe, second smallest of the world’s continents, composed of the westward-projecting

peninsulas of Eurasia and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world’s total land area. the
implications of this violent catastrophe were many. A surcease of wars and a unforeseen slump
in trade directly followed however were solely of short duration. A a lot of lasting and heavy
consequence was the forceful reduction of the number of land underneath cultivation, because
of the deaths of such a big amount of labourers. This evidenced to be the ruin of the many
landowners. The shortage of labour compelled them to substitute wages or cash rents in situ of
labour services in an endeavor to stay their tenants. There was additionally a general rise in
wages for artisans and peasants. These changes brought a brand new runniness to the as yet
rigid stratification of society. The psychological effects of the black plague were mirrored north
of chain by a preoccupation with death and also the lifetime evinced in poetry, sculpture, and
painting; the Roman Christian church lost a number of its monopoly over the salvation of souls
as individuals turned to mysticism and typically to excesses. racism greatly intense throughout
Europe as Jews were blasted for the unfold of the Black Death. A wave of violent pogroms
nutsued, and full mortal communities were killed by mobs or burned at the stake en
masse.Siena's economy suffered a decisive slump, the city's population had shrunk so much
that the project to expand the cathedral was abandoned and the death of many great painters
such as Ambrogio and Pietro Lorenzetti made the development of the first Sienese school a
critical point. In England, the immediate effects of the epidemic of 1349 appear to have been
short-lived, and the economic decline that bottomed out in the mid-15th century. The records
suggest mortality rates that vary in different regions from one-eighth to two-thirds of the
population , and French chronicler Jean Froissart's claim that about a third of Europe's
population died from the epidemic may be fairly accurate. it was 100 years ago; In this country
alone, the Black Death certainly caused the depopulation or the complete disappearance of
around 1,000 villages.A rough estimate is that 25 million people in Europe died of the plague
during the Black Death. The population of Western Europe did not return to pre-1348 levels
until the beginning of the 16th century.

Impact on the world

Black death, as it is called generally, in particular of destroyed Europe, which was halfway in a
century, which was already influenced by war, hunger and scandal in the church, which had
moved its headquarters of Rome to Avignon, France, the copiers between the cardinals. In the
end, there are about 75 million people, it is estimated. It took several centuries, so the world's
population recovered from the rehearsal of the plague, but some social changes that
transmitted to see the bodies that accumulate on the streets were permanent. The disease
existed in two varieties, rented by the insect bite and another in the air. In both cases, the
victims rarely took more than three to four days between the initial infection and death, a
period of intense fever and vomiting, while their lymph nodes swelled uncontrollably and finally
exploded. The plague bacteria had slumbered for hundreds of years before hatching again in
the 1320s in the Gobi Desert of Asia, from where they quickly spread in all directions in the
blood of fleas that travel with host rodents. Years before Russia continued and cruelly killed a
third to half of the total population. The plague killed indiscriminately - young and old, rich and
poor - but mainly in cities and in groups that had close contact with the sick. Monasteries full of
monks were razed and Europe lost most of its doctors. Whole villages were abandoned in the
countryside.The disease even reached isolated outposts in Greenland and Iceland, so that
according to chroniclers who visited years later, only wild cattle roamed freely, with no farmers.
The social impact of the plague was felt immediately after the worst outbreaks broke out. An
extreme labor shortage so that the serfs who were once tied to the land now had a choice of
who to work for. Lords had to improve conditions and make them more attractive or risk
leaving their land unattended, resulting in wage increases across the board. The Jewish
population in Europe was not doing so well.Mistrust of God and the Church, already in disrepair
due to the recent papal scandals, grew when people realized that there was nothing religion
could do to stop the spread of diseases and ailments in his family. Meanwhile, Jewish
populations were often targeted by scapegoats. In some places they were accused of poisoning
the water because their mortality rate was often significantly lower, which historians now
attribute to better hygiene? Europe at the time, but it escalated during the Black Death and led
many Jews to flee to Eastern Poland and Russia, where they remained in large numbers until
the 20th century.

Conclusion

From the discussion above, it's evident that the bubonic plague had plenty of impacts on the
ecu medieval society. It modified the demographic set-up of the community and so it
considerably affected the social activities of the peasants. This may be proved by the aforesaid
increase in cases of evil as individuals had lost their partners within the plague.
The Black Death additionally had variety of economic impacts that resulted from the forceful
decrease in the population of peasants. This may be evidenced by the aforementioned
modification by lords from grain farming to sheep farming. Lastly, the bubonic plague had
variety of political impacts which may be exemplified by the event of the aforesaid statute for
labourers.
Studies of the impacts of the plague are still ongoing. This is often despite the actual fact that
almost all of the impacts were completed forthwith when the plague and their effects on the
society analyzed. Political activists throughout the time, who were largely lords, had
ascertained the results of the plague and created social group changes that were sure to profit
them.
However, scientists still believe that the ecu society still suffers important effects of the plague.
For instance, it's been established that England, wherever the best effects of the lymph node
plague were maybe felt, has considerably lower genetic diversity than it's suspected to possess
had within the eleventh century. Geneticists justify this by the argument that the deaths that
resulted from the Black Deaths were the reason behind the low genetic variation in Europe.

References:
1. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever ( What is The
Black Death? )
2. https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death
3. https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death
4. https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death
5. https://www.livescience.com/2497-black-death-changed-world.html
6. https://ivypanda.com/essays/impact-of-the-black-death/