StraightLine Sheet3

Best Approach
Straight Line
(Sheet)
By Mathematics Wizard
Manoj Chauhan Sir (IIT Delhi)
No. 1 Faculty of Unacademy,
Exp. More than 13 Years in
Top Most Coachings of Kota
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line
KEY CONCEPTS (STRAIGHT LINE)
1. DISTANCE FORMULA :
The distance between the points A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is ( x1  x 2 ) 2  ( y1  y 2 ) 2 .
2. SECTION FORMULA :
If P(x , y) divides the line joining A(x1 , y1) & B(x2 , y2) in the ratio m : n, then ;
mx 2 nx1 my 2 n y1
x = ; y = .
m n mn
m m
If is positive, the division is internal, but if is negative, the division is external .
n n
Note : If P divides AB internally in the ratio m : n & Q divides AB externally in the ratio m : n then
P & Q are said to be harmonic conjugate of each other w.r.t. AB.
2 1 1
Mathematically ;   i.e. AP, AB & AQ are in H.P..
AB AP AQ
3. CENTROID AND INCENTRE :
If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of triangle ABC, whose sides BC, CA, AB are of
 x1x 2 x 3 y1 y 2  y3 
lengths a, b, c respectively, then the coordinates of the centroid are :  , 
 3 3 
 ax1bx 2 cx 3 ay1by 2 cy3 

& the coordinates of the incentre are :  , 
 a  bc a bc 
Note that incentre divides the angle bisectors in the ratio
(b + c) : a ; (c + a) : b & (a + b) : c.
REMEMBER :
(i) Orthocentre , Centroid & circumcentre are always collinear & centroid divides the line joining orthocentre
& cercumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1 .
(ii) In an isosceles triangle G, O, I & C lie on the same line .
4. SLOPE FORMULA :
If  is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to the positive direction of xaxis, &
0°  < 180°,  90°, then the slope of the line, denoted by m, is defined by m = tan . If  is 90°,
m does not exist, but the line is parallel to the yaxis.
If = 0, then m = 0 & the line is parallel to the xaxis.
If A (x1, y1) & B (x2, y2), x1 x2, are points on a straight line, then the slope m of the line is given by:
 y y 
m =  1 2  .
 x1 x 2 
5. CONDITION OF COLLINEARITY OF THREE POINTS  (SLOPE FORM) :
 y  y   y 2 y 3 
Points A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are collinear if  1 2  =  x x  .
 x 1 x 2   2 3 
6. EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE IN VARIOUS FORMS :
(i) Slope  intercept form: y = mx + c is the equation of a straight line whose slope is m & which
makes an intercept c on the yaxis .
(ii) Slope one point form: y  y1 = m (x  x1) is the equation of a straight line whose slope is
m & which passes through the point (x1, y1).
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(iii) Parametric form : The equation of the line in parametric form is given by
x  x1 y  y1
 = r (say). Where ‘r’ is the distance of any point (x , y) on the line from the fixed point
cos  sin 
(x1, y1) on the line. r is positive if the point (x, y) is on the right of (x1, y1) and negative if
(x, y) lies on the left of (x1, y1) .
y 2  y1
(iv) Two point form : y  y1 = (x  x1) is the equation of a straight line which passes through the
x 2  x1
points (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) .
x y
(v) Intercept form :  = 1 is the equation of a straight line which makes intercepts a & b
a b
on OX & OY respectively .
(vi) Perpendicular form : xcos + ysin = p is the equation of the straight line where the length of
the perpendicular from the origin O on the line is p and this perpendicular makes angle  with positive
side of xaxis .
(vii) General Form : ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a straight line in the general form
7. POSITION OF THE POINT (x1, y1) RELATIVE TO THE LINE ax + by + c = 0 :
If ax1 + by1 + c is of the same sign as c, then the point (x1, y1) lie on the origin side of
ax + by + c = 0 . But if the sign of ax1 + by1 + c is opposite to that of c, the point (x1, y1) will lie on the
non-origin side of ax + by + c = 0.
8. THE RATIO IN WHICH A GIVEN LINE DIVIDES THE LINE SEGMENT JOINING
TWO POINTS :
Let the given line ax + by + c = 0 divide the line segment joining A(x1, y1) & B(x2, y2) in the ratio
m a x  b y1  c m
m : n, then  1 . If A & B are on the same side of the given line then is negative but
n a x2  b y2  c n
m
if A & B are on opposite sides of the given line , then is positive
n
9. LENGTH OF PERPENDICULAR FROM A POINT ON A LINE :
a x1  by1  c
The length of perpendicular from P(x1, y1) on ax + by + c = 0 is .
a 2  b2
10. ANGLE BETWEEN TWO STRAIGHT LINES IN TERMS OF THEIR SLOPES :

If m1 & m2 are the slopes of two intersecting straight lines (m1 m2  1) &  is the acute angle
m1  m2
between them, then tan  = .
1  m1 m2
Note : Let m1, m2, m3 are the slopes of three lines L1 = 0 ; L2 = 0 ; L3 = 0 where m1 > m2 > m3
then the interior angles of the  ABC found by these lines are given by,
m1  m2 m  m3 m  m1
tan A = ; tan B = 2 & tan C = 3
1  m1 m2 1  m2 m3 1  m 3 m1
11. PARALLEL LINES :
(i) When two straight lines are parallel their slopes are equal. Thus any line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is of
the type ax + by + k = 0 . Where k is a parameter.
(ii) The distance between two parallel lines with equations ax + by + c1 = 0 & ax + by + c2 = 0 is
c1 c 2
.
a 2 b 2
Note that the coefficients of x & y in both the equations must be same.
p1 p 2
(iii) The area of the parallelogram = , where p1 & p2 are distances between two pairs of opposite
sin 
sides &  is the angle between any two adjacent sides . Note that area of the parallelogram bounded
(c1  c2 ) (d1  d 2 )
by the lines y = m1x + c1, y = m1x + c2 and y = m2x + d1 , y = m2x + d2 is given by 
m1  m2
12. PERPENDICULAR LINES :
(i) When two lines of slopes m1& m2 are at right angles, the product of their slopes is 1, i.e. m1 m2 = 1.
Thus any line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is of the form bx  ay + k = 0, where k is any parameter.
(ii) Straight lines ax + by + c = 0 & a x + b y + c = 0 are at right angles if & only if aa+ bb= 0.
13. Equations of straight lines through (x1 , y1) making angle  with y = mx + c are:
(y  y1) = tan ( ) (x  x1) & (y  y1) = tan (+ ) (x  x1) , where tan = m.
14. CONDITION OF CONCURRENCY :
Three lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 & a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 are concurrent if
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c 2 = 0 . Alternatively : If three constants A, B & C can be found such that
a3 b3 c3
A(a1x + b1y + c1) + B(a2x + b2y + c2) + C(a3x + b3y + c3)  0 , then the three straight lines are
concurrent.
15. AREA OF A TRIANGLE :
x1 y1 1
1
If (xi, yi), i = 1, 2, 3 are the vertices of a triangle, then its area is equal to x y 2 1 , provided the
2 x2 y3 1
3
vertices are considered in the counter clockwise sense. The above formula will give a  ve area if the
vertices (xi, yi) , i = 1, 2, 3 are placed in the clockwise sense.
16. CONDITION OF COLLINEARITY OF THREE POINTS(AREA FORM):
x1 y1 1
The points (xi , yi) , i = 1 , 2 , 3 are collinear if x 2 y2 1 .
x3 y3 1
17. THE EQUATION OF A FAMILY OF STRAIGHT LINES PASSING THROUGH THE

POINTS OF INTERSECTION OF TWO GIVEN LINES:
The equation of a family of lines passing through the point of intersection of
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is given by (a1x + b1y + c1) + k(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0,
where k is an arbitrary real number.
Note: If u1 = ax + by + c , u2 = ax + by + d , u3 = ax + by + c, u4 = ax + by + d
then, u1 = 0; u2 = 0; u3 = 0; u4 = 0 form a parallelogram.
u2 u3  u1 u4 = 0 represents the diagonal BD.
Proof : Since it is the first degree equation in x & y it is a straight line. Secondly point B satisfies the equation
because the coordinates of B satisfy u2 = 0 and u1 = 0.
Similarly for the point D. Hence the result.
On the similar lines u1u2  u3u4 = 0 represents the diagonal AC.
Note: The diagonal AC is also given by u1 + u4 = 0 and u2 + u3 = 0, if the two equations are identical
for some  and .
[For getting the values of  & compare the coefficients of x, y & the constant terms] .
18. BISECTORS OF THE ANGLES BETWEEN TWO LINES :
(i) Equations of the bisectors of angles between the lines ax + by + c = 0 &
a x  by  c a  x  b  y  c
ax + by + c= 0 (ab  ab) are : = ±
a 2  b2 a  2  b 2
(ii) To discriminate between the acute angle bisector & the obtuse angle bisector
If  be the angle between one of the lines & one of the bisectors, find tan .
If tan  < 1, then 2  < 90° so that this bisector is the acute angle bisector .
If tan > 1, then we get the bisector to be the obtuse angle bisector .
(iii) To discriminate between the bisector of the angle containing the origin & that of the angle not containing
the origin. Rewrite the equations , ax + by + c = 0 &
ax + by + c= 0 such that the constant terms c , c are positive. Then;
a x + by + c a  x + b  y + c
= + gives the equation of the bisector of the angle containing the origin
a 2  b2 a  2  b 2
a x + by + c a  x + b  y + c
& =  gives the equation of the bisector of the angle not containing the origin.
2 2
a b a  2  b 2
(iv) To discriminate between acute angle bisector & obtuse angle bisector proceed as follows Write
ax + by + c = 0 & ax + by + c = 0 such that constant terms are positive .
If aa + bb < 0 , then the angle between the lines that contains the origin is acute and the equation of the
ax+by+c a  x + b  y + c
bisector of this acute angle is = +
a 2b2 a  2  b 2
a x + by + c a  x + b  y + c
therefore =  is the equation of other bisector..
a 2  b2 a  2  b 2
If, however , aa+ bb > 0 , then the angle between the lines that contains the origin is obtuse & the
equation of the bisector of this obtuse angle is:
a x + by + c a  x + b  y + c a x + by + c a  x + b  y + c
2 2
= + ; therefore = 
a b a  2  b 2 a 2  b2 a  2  b 2
is the equation of other bisector.
(v) Another way of identifying an acute and obtuse angle bisector is as follows : L1 = 0 
Let L1 = 0 & L2 = 0 are the given lines & u1 = 0 and u2 = 0 are the P p
  
L2 = 0
bisectors between L1 = 0 & L2 = 0. Take a point P on any one of the   q
 
   
 
  
lines L1 = 0 or L2 = 0 and drop perpendicular on u1 = 0 & u2 = 0 as   
 
 
shown. If ,  


p < q  u1 is the acute angle bisector .
 
u2 = 0
 
p > q  u1 is the obtuse angle bisector . u1 = 0
p = q  the lines L1 & L2 are perpendicular .
Note : Equation of straight lines passing through P(x1, y1) & equally inclined with the lines
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are those which are parallel to the bisectors between these two
lines & passing through the point P .
19. A PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES THROUGH ORIGIN :
(i) A homogeneous equation of degree two of the type ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 always represents a pair of
straight lines passing through the origin & if :
(a) h² > ab  lines are real & distinct .
(b) h² = ab  lines are coincident .
(c) h² < ab  lines are imaginary with real point of intersection i.e. (0, 0)
(ii) If y = m1x & y = m2x be the two equations represented by ax² + 2hxy + by2 = 0, then;
2h a
m1 + m2 =  & m1 m2 = .
b b
(iii) If  is the acute angle between the pair of straight lines represented by,
2 h2  a b
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, then; tan  = .
ab
The condition that these lines are:
(a) At right angles to each other is a + b = 0. i.e. coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 =0.
(b) Coincident is h2 = ab.
(c) Equally inclined to the axis of x is h = 0. i.e. coeff. of xy = 0.
Note: A homogeneous equation of degree n represents n straight lines passing through origin.
20. GENERAL EQUATION OF SECOND DEGREE REPRESENTING A PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES:
(i) ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines if:
a h g
abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0, i.e. if h b f = 0.
g f c
(ii) The angle  between the two lines representing by a general equation is the same as that between the
two lines represented by its homogeneous part only .
21. The joint equation of a pair of straight lines joining origin to the points of intersection of the line given by
lx + my + n = 0 ................ (i) &
the 2nd degree curve : ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ....... (ii)
2
 lx  m y   lx  m y   lx  m y 
is ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx   n   2 fy    c   = 0 ...... (iii)
   n   n 
 lx  m y 
(iii) is obtained by homogenizing (ii) with the help of (i), by writing (i) in the form:   = 1.
 n 
22. The equation to the straight lines bisecting the angle between the straight lines,
x2  y2 xy
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is = .
ab h
23. The product of the perpendiculars, dropped from (x1, y1) to the pair of lines represented by the
2 2
a x1  2 h x1y1  by1
equation, ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 is .
2
a  b  4 h 2
24. Any second degree curve through the four point of intersection of f(x y) = 0 & xy = 0 is given by
f (x y) +  xy = 0 where f(xy) = 0 is also a second degree curve.
SOLVED EXAMPLE
1. In  ABC, prove that AB2 + AC2 = 2(AO2 + BO2), where O is the middle point of BC.
Sol. We take O as the origin and OC and OY as the x- and y-axis, respectively
Let BC = 2k, then B  (– k, 0) , C  ( k, 0)
Let A  () Y
Now L.H.S
= AB2 + AC2
= (+ k2) + ( – 0)2 + ( – k)2 + (– 0)2
= +k2 + 2k + + + k2 – 2k + 
= 2+ 2+ 2k2 B (–k,0) X
O (0,0) C (k,0)
= 2( + + k2)
and R.H.S
= 2(AO2 + BO2)
= y[(– 0)2 + (– 0)2 + (–k – 0)2 + (0 – 0)2]
= 2(+ + k2)
 L.H.S = R.H.S
2. Two points O(0, 0) and A(3, 3 ) with another point P form an equilateral triangle. Find the coordinates
of P.
Sol. Let the coordinates of P be (h, k).
 OA = OP = AP or OA2 = OP2 = AP2
 OA2 = OP2
 12 = h2 + k2 .....(i)
2
and OP = AP 2
 h2 + k2 = (h – 3)2 + (k – 3 )2
 3h + 3 k = 6 or h = 2 – k/ 3 .....(ii)
Using Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we get
(2 – k/ 3 )2 + k2 = 12 or k2 – 3 k – 6 = 0 or (k – 2 3 ) (k + 3 ) = 0
 k = 2 3 or – 3
P (h,k)
From Eq (ii), we get that
when k = 2 3 , h = 0
when k = – 3 , h = 3
Hence, the coordinates of P are
(0, 2 3 ) or (3, – 3 ) O(0,0) A(3, 3)
3. If O is the origin and if coordinates of any two points Q1 and Q2 are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) respectively,
prove that OQ1 . OQ2 cos Q1OQ2 = x1x2 + y1y2.
Y Q1(x1y1)
Sol. In Q2OQ1,
Q1Q22 = QQ12 + OQ22
– 2OQ1OQ2 cos Q1OQ2
Q1(x2y2)
 (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 = (x12 + y12) + (x22 + y22)
– 2OQ1 OQ2 cos Q1 OQ2
(using cosine Rule)
 x1x2 + y1y2 = OQ1 OQ2 cos Q1 OQ2 O X
4. Let A = (3, 4) and B is a variable point on the lines |x| = 6. If AB 4, then the number of position of
B with integral coordinates is :
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 10
Sol. B = ( 6, y). So, AB 4
 (3  6)2 + (y – 4)2 16
 9 + ( y – 4)2  16 (81 + (y – 4)2 16 is absurd)
 2
y – 8y + 9 0
 4 – 7 y 4 + 7
But y is an integer.
 y = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
5. Prove that the area of the triangle whose vertices are (t, t – 2), (t + 2, t + 2) and (t + 3, t) is independent
of t.
Sol. Let A = (x1, y1) = (t, t – 2), B = (x2, y2) = (t + 2, t + 2), and C = (x3, y3) = (t + 3, t) be the vertices of
the given triangle.
Then, area of  ABC
1
= |{x1 (y2 – y3} + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2)}|
2
1
= |{t(t + 2 – t) + (t + 2) (t – t + 2) + (t + 3) (t – 2 – t – 2)}|
2
1
= |{2t + 2t + 4 – 4t – 12}| = | –4| = 4 sq. units
2
Clearly, area of ABC is independent of t.
6. For what value of k are the points (k, 2 – 2k), (–k + 1, 2k) and (–4 – k, 6 – 2k) are collinear ?
Sol. Let three given points be
A = (x1, y1) = (k, 2 – 2k), B = (x2, y2) = (–k + 1, 2k) and C = (x3, y3) = (–4 – k, 6 – 2k).
If the given points are collinear then = 0
 x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2) = 0
 k (2k – 6 + 2k) + (– k + 1) (6 – 2k – 2 + 2k) + (– 4 – k) (2 – 2k – 2k) = 0
 k (4k – 6) – 4 (k – 1) + ( 4 + k) (4k – 2) = 0
 4k2 – 6k – 4k + 4 + 4k2 + 14k – 8 = 0
 8k2 + 4k – 4 = 0
 2k2 + k – 1 = 0
 (2k – 10) (k + 1) = 0
 k = 1/2 or – 1
Hence, the given points are collinear for k = 1/2 or – 1.
7. In what ratio does the x-axis divide the line segment joining the points (2, –3) and (5, 6) ?
Sol. Let the required ratio be : 1
Then, the coordinates of the point of division are
  5  2   6  3 
 , 
    1    1 
But, it is a point on x-axis on which y-coordinates of every point is zero
 6  3 
 = 0
   1
1
 =
2
Thus, the rquired ratio is (1/2) : 1 or 1 : 2
8. Given that A (1, 1) and B (2, –3) are two points and D is a point on AB produced such that AD = 3AB.
Find the coordinates of D.
Sol. We have, AD = 3AB. Therefore, BD = 2AB.
A(1,1) B(2,–3) D
Thus, D divides AB externally in the ratio AD : BD = 3 : 2
 3  2   2 1 3  3  2 1 
Hence, the coordinates of D are  ,  = (4, – 11)
 3 2 3 2 
9. If P divides OA internally in the ratio and Q divides OA externally in the ratio then prove
that OA is the harmonic mean of OP and OQ.
O Q
P A
1   2
We have,  1
OP 1OA
1   2
and  1
OP 1OA
1 1 2
  
OP OQ OA
 OP, OA and OQ are in H.P.
10. Given that A1, A2, A3, .......... An are n points in a plane whose coordinates are (x1, y1), (x2, y2),....
(xn, yn) respectively. A1, A2 is bisected at the point P1, P1, A3 is divided in the ratio 1 : 2 at P2, P2, A4 is
divided in the ratio 1 : 3 at P3, P3, A5 is divided in the ratio 1 : 4 at P4, and so on until all n points are
exhausted. Find the final point so obtained.
 x  x 2 y1  y 2 
Sol. The coordinates of P1 (midpoint of A1A2) are  1 , 
 2 2 
  x1  x 2   y1  y 2  
 2  2   x 3 2  2   y3 
P2 divides P1A3 in 1 : 2, Therefore, coordinates of P2 are    ,   
 2 1 2 1 
 
 
 x  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 
i.e.,  1 , 
 3 3 
Now, P3 divides P1 A4 in 1 : 3 therefore,
 (x1  x 2  x 3 ) (y  y 2  y3 ) 
3  x4 3 1  x4 
3 , 3
P3 =  
 3 1 3 1 
 
[ 14 (x + x + x + x ), 14 (y + y + y +y )]

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Proceeding in this manner, we can show that the coordinates of the final point are
  x1  x 2  ....  x n   y1  y 2  ....  y n  
 , 
 n n 
11. A rod of length k slides in a vertical plane, its ends touching the co-ordinates axes. Prove that the locus
of the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to the rod is (x2 + y2)3 = k2x2y2 .
Sol. (Slope of OP) . (Slope of BP) = – 1
 b
 .  1
 0
 2  2
 b =

and (Slope of OP) (Slope of AP) = – 1
 
 .  1
 a
 2  2
 a =

a + b = k2
2 2
 ( + )3 = K2 

 (x2 + y2)3 = k2 x2 y2
12. Two fixed points A and B are taken on the co-ordinate axes such that OA = a and OB = b. Two variable
point A' and B' are taken on the same axes such that OA' + OB' = OA + OB. Find the locus of the point
of intersection of AB' and A'B.
Sol. Let A  (a, 0), B (0, b), A' (a', 0), B' (0, b')
x y
Equation of A'B is  1 .....(1)
a' b
x y
and the equation of AB' is   1 .....(2)
a b'
1 1   1 1
subtracting (1) from (2), we get, x     y     0
 a a'  b' b 
x  a ' a  y  b  b 
  0
aa ' bb
x y
  0 [Using a' – a = b – b']
aa ' bb '
a a  b y
 b' = .....(3)
ay  bx
ay
From (2) b'x + ay = ab'  b' = .....(4)
ax
Equations (3) and (4) we get x + y = a + b.
which is the required locus.
13. Show that the origin is within the triangle whose vertices are A(2, 1), B(3, –2) and C(–4, –1).
Sol. We have the sides BC, CA, AB having the equations
4
A
3 5
7
2 B 1 C 6
x + 7y + 11 = 0, x – 3y + 1 = 0, 3x + y – 7 = 0 respectively,
Now (0, 0) will be within the  ABC if and only if (0, 0) and A are on the same side of BC ; (0, 0) and
B are on the same side of CA ; (0, 0) are C are on the same side of AB.
(0, 0) and A are on the same side of BC whose equation is x + 7y + 11 = 0 since 2 + 7 + 11 = 20 > 0
and 0 + 7(0) + 11 > 0 are of the same sign.
Similarly, B and (0, 0) are on the same side of CA because 3 – 3(–2) + 1 = 10 > 0
and 0 – 3(0) + 1 = 1 > 0. Finally, substituting the coordinates of C in 3x + y – 7
we get 3(–4) + (–1) – 7 = 20 < 0 ; also 3(0) – 7 = – 7 < 0. Hence (0, 0) lies within ABC.
Alternately we can do the above problem as follows.
Equation to OA is y = x/2 or x – 2y = 0.
Substituting the coordinates of B (3, –2) and C (– 4, –1) in the equation to OA we see that
3 – 2(–2) = 7 > 0 and – 4 – 2 (–1) = – 2 < 0. So B and C are on the opposite sides of OA. This means
that O(0, 0) lies within either the region 1, 4 or 7 (fig.) Similarly C and A are on the opposite sides of
OB. Again this means that O lies within the region either 2, 5 or 7.
Hence O (0, 0) lies within the region 7 ; i.e., O lies with  ABC.
14. A straight line moves so that the sum of the reciprocals of its intercepts on the coordinate axes is constant
Show that it passes through a fixed point.
x y
Sol. Let the variable line be   1 .
a b
1 1
Then we are given that  = K = a constant therefore, the variable line takes the form
a b
x  1 1
  k   y – 1 = 0 or (x – y) + (K y – 1) = 0.
a  a a
This represents a straight line through the intersection of x – y = 0 and Ky – 1 = 0.
x y 1 1
They intersect at (1/K, 1/K) and hence  = 1 always passes through the fixed point  ,  .
a b K K
15. ABCD is a variable rectangle having its sides parallel to fixed directions. The vertices B and D lie on
x = a and x = – a and A lies on the line y = 0. Find the locus of C.
Sol.
Let A be (x1, 0), B be (a, y2) and D be (–a, y4). We are given AB and AD have fixed directions and
hence their slopes are constants, say m1 and m2.
y2 y4
 = m1 and = m2
a  x1 a  x1
Further m1m2 = –1 since ABCD is a rectangle
y2 y4 1
 m 1 and 
a  x1 a  x1 m1
y  y 4   x1  x y 
The midpoint of BD is  0, 2  , 
 2   2 2
= midpoint of AC where C is taken to be (x,y).
This gives x = –x1 and y = y2 + y4. So C is (–x1, y2 + y4)
y2 y 1
Also = m1 and 4 = gives
a  x1 a  x1 m1
the locus of C as (1 – m12) x + m1 y = a (m12 + 1)
16. Each side of a square is of length 6 units and the centre of the square is (–1, 2). One of its diagonals is
parallel to x + y = 0. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the square.
Sol. Let ABCD be the given square with centre (–1, 2) and side of length 6. BD is parallel to x + y = 0.
Equation to BD is x + y = 1. Hence the equation to AC is x – y + 3 = 0 (note that AC  BD).
We have |OC| = |OB| = |OA| = |OD| = 3 2 units.
D C
(–1,2)
A B
x   1 y2
We may write AC as  = r where r is the algebraic distance of (x, y) from (–1, 2).
cos 45 sin 45
Therefore A and C are given by
x 1 y  2 y 1
   2 or A is (2, 5) and C is (–4, –1). Again, we may write BD as = r..
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
x 1 y 1
B and D are given by   3 2
1/ 2 1/ 2
B is (–4, 5) and D is (2, –1).
The vertices of the square are (2, 5), (–4, 5), (–4, –1) and (2, –1).
17. Find the incentre of the triangle whose sides have the equations x + y – 7 = 0, x – y + 1 = 0 and
x – 3y + 5 = 0. B
Sol. The given equations of the sides of a triangle are x – 3y + 5 = 0
x + y – 7 = 0 ....(1) x + y –7 = 0
I
x – y + 1 = 0 ....(2)
x – 3y + 5 = 0 ....(3) A
C x – y + 1 = 0
Solving these equation we get the three co-ordinates of vertices of the triangle
A  (3, 4 ), B  (4, 3) and C  (1, 2)
Also AB = 2 , BC = 10 and CA = 2 2
Hence the co-ordinate of in-center of the triangle is given by
 ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 

 abc
,
abc 

  3,1  5 
18. Prove that the diagonals of the parallelogrm formed by the lines ax + by + c = 0, ax + by + c' = 0,
a'x + b'y + c = 0 and a'x + b'y + c' = 0 will be at right angles if a2 + b2 = a'2 + b'2.
Sol. Now the diagonal AC is of the form ax + by + c + (a'x + b'y + c) = 0 as it passes through the
intersection of ax + by + c = 0 and a'x + b'y + c = 0.
 a  a ' 
slope of AC = –  
 b  b ' 
Similarly, the diagonal AC is also of the form (ax + by + c') + (a'x + b'y + c') = 0. Thus AC is given by
(a + a') x + (b + b') y + (1 + ) c = 0 and (a + a') x + (b + b') y + (1 + c' = 0
D ax + by +c' = 0 C
a'x + b'y +c = 0
a'x + b'y +c' = 0
A ax + by +c = 0 B
a  a ' b  b '
We must have   (a'b – ab') = (a'b – ab')
a  a ' b  b '
a a  1   c
Now  (way ?) and hence = . This means that 1 =  
b b'  1   c '
But c c' (why ?) and hence = –1. Thus = k = – 1.
Therefore equation to AC is (a – a') x + (b – b') y = 0. Similarly equation to BD is (a + a') x + (b + b')
y + c + c' = 0. (it is easily observed that (ax + by + c) – (a'x + b'y + c) = 0 passes through A and C ; and
(ax + by + c) + (a'x + b'y + c') = 0 passes through B and D).
Now AC is perpendicular to BD if and only if the product of their slopes is –1 ; which happens if.
 a  a   a  a '  2 2 2 2
  .   = – 1 or simplifying a + b = a' + b'
 b  b'   b  b' 
Remarks :
If the sides of parallelogram are L1  ax + by + c = 0, L2 = a'x + b'y + c = 0, L3 ax + by + c' = 0 and
L4 a'x + b'y + c' = 0, the diagonals are given by L1 – L2 = 0 and L1 + L2 = 0.
19. The sides of a triangle are Ur  x cos r + y sin r – pr = 0 for r = 1, 2, 3.
Show that its orthocentre is given by U1 cos (–) = U2 cos (–) = U3 cos (– ).
Sol. Let BC be U1 x cos  y sin – p1 = 0, CA be U2 0 and AB be U3 = 0
Then the altitude AD through A is of the form
U2 + U3 = (xcos + y sin – p2) + (x cos + y sin– p3) = 0
i.e., AD is given by (cos + cos ) x + (sin + sin ) y – (p2 + p3) = 0.
cos  2   cos  3
Slope of AD = – . Now AD  BC given
sin  2   sin  3
 cos  2   cos 3 
  (– cot ) = –1,
 sin  2   sin  3 
or cos(cos + cos) + sin(sin+ sin) = 0,
This gives (cos cos + sin sin2) + (coscos+ sinsin) = 0
cos  1   2 
or equivalents = –
cos   3  1 
cos  1   2 
 Equation to AD is U2 – U = 0
cos   3  1  3
or Equivalently U2 cos ( – ) = U3 cos (–).
Similarly the altitude BE is U3 cos (–) = U1 cos (– ).
 The orthocentre is given by U1 cos (2 –) = U2 cos (–) = U3 cos (–).
20. Find the loucs of a point which moves such that the sum of the perpendicular distances from it on two
given straight lines is a constant.
Sol. We may take one of the two given straight line to be our x-axis and the point of intersection of the given
lines as our origin. Observe that we have the freedom of choosing our axes, depending on the problem.
(Students, this is where we intelligently exploit the convenience of coordinate geometry).
By our choice of the axes one of the given lines is y = 0 and let the other be mx – y = 0. If P(x', y') is the
mx ' y '
variable point, its distances from the two given lines are |y'| and , we are given that P moves
1  m2
mx ' y '
such that |y'| + = k = constant k > 0.
1  m2
 The locus of p is 1  m 2 |y| + |mx – y| = k 1  m 2
y
××
× × × ×
× ××
×× ××
×× ××
×
×
× II
× × ×× I
×
××
××
×
III O x
IV
In region | where y > 0, mx > y the locus is the straight line mx +  
1  m 2  1 y – k 1  m 2 = 0.
In region II where y > 0, mx < y the loucs is the straight line (1 + 1  m 2 ) y – mx = k 1  m 2 .
In region III, where y < 0 mx < y the loucs is the straight line (1 – 1  m 2 ) y – mx = k 1  m 2 .
In region IV, where y < 0, mx > y the locus is mx – (1 + 1  m 2 ) y = k 1  m 2 .
21. A line intersects the straight lines 5x – y – 4 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 4 = 0 at A and B respectively. If a point
P (1, 5) on the line AB is such that AP : PB = 2 : 1 (internally), find the point A.
 3r  4 
Sol. Any point A on the first line is (t, 5t – 4) . Any point B on the second line is  r, .
 4 
3r  4
2r  t  5t  4
Hence 1 = and 5 = 2
3 3
 2r + t = 3 and 3r + 10 t = 42.
5
on solving, we get t =
17
 5 304 
Hence A is  , 
 17 17 
22. Find the values of non-negative real numbers h1, h2, h3, k1, k2, k3 such that the algebraic sum of the
perpendiculars drawn from points (2, k1), (3, k2), (7, k3) (h1, 4) (h2, 5), (h3, –3) on a variable line
passing through (2, 1) is zero
Sol. Let the equation of the variable line be ax + by + c = 0. It is given that
6 6
ax i  byi  c
 0   (axi + byi + c) = 0
i 1 a 2  b2 i 1
6 6 6 6
  ax i   c  0   ax i   byi  6c  0
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
 6   6 
  i    yi 
x
 a  i1   b  i1   c  0
 6   6 
   
   
 6   6 
  i    yi 
x
Hence the fixed point must be   i1  ,  i1 
 6   6 
   
   
2  3  7  h1  h 2  h 3
But the fixed points is (2, 1) so that = 2  h1 + h2 + h3 = 0
6
 h1 = 0, h2 = 0, h3 = 0 (as h1, h2, h3 0)
k1  k 2  k 3  4  5  3
Similarly = 1
6
 k1 = k2 = k3 = 0 (as k1, k2, k3 0)
Alternative Solution :
Let the variable line be y – 1 = m (x – 2) or mx – y + 1 – 2m = 0
Since the algebraic sum of the perpendicular from the given points is
m  2  3  7  h1  h 2  h 3  12    6  k1  k 2  k 3  4  5  3
zero i.e., 0
1  m2
for all m. m (h1 + h2 + h3) – (k1 + k2 + k3) = 0 for all m
 h1 + h2 + h3 = 0 and k1 + k2 + k3 = 0
 h1 = 0 = h2 = h3, and k1 = 0 = k2 = k3.
23. Find the locus of the circumcentre of a triangle whose two sides are along the co-ordinate axes and third
side passes through the point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and lx + my + n = 0.
Sol. Let the equation of the third line be
(ax + by + c) + (lx + my + n) = 0 where is a parameter.
  n  c 
it meets the x-axis at A where y = 0 and x =
l  a
The triangle OAB is a right angled triangle. Its circumcentre is the midpoint of the hypotenuse. Let it be
().
 n  c   n  c  2a  c 2 b  c
 2= –   and 2 = –  m  a   =  2l  n   2 m  n
 l  a   
c  2ax c  2by
Hence the locus of () is 
n  2lx n  2my
 2xy (ma – bl) + x (an – lc) + y (mc – bn) = 0.
24. Show that straight lines (A2 – 3B2) x2 – 8AB xy + (B2 – 3A2) y2 = 0 form with the line
Ax + By + C = 0 and equilateral triangle of area C2 / 3 (A2 + B2).
Sol. Let y = mx .....(i)
be a line through the origin making an angle of 60° with the line
Ax + By + C = 0 .....(ii)
m   A / B 
Then we have tan 60° = 
1  m  A / B 
From (i) we have m = y/x. Substituting this value of m in the above result
i.e., 3(B – Am)2 = (mB + A)2, we have
(A2 – 3B2) x2 + 8ABxy + (B2 – 3A2) y2 = 0, .....(iii)
These are the stright lines through the origin making angles of 60° with (ii)
i.e., forming an equilateral triangle with (ii).
C
Now OL = length of perpendicular to Ax + By + C = 0 from (0, 0) =
A 2
 B2 
C
So Area =
3  A 2  B2 
25. Find the condition in a and b, such that the portion of the line ax + by – 1 = 0, intercepted between the
lines ax + y = 0 and x + by subtends a right angle at the origin.
Sol. Given lines are ax + y + 1 = 0 .....(i)
x + by = 0 .....(ii)
ax + by = 1 .....(iii)
Joint equation of (i) and (ii) is (ax + y + 1) (x + by) = 0
 ax2 + by2 + (ab + 1) xy + x + by = 0
Making (iv) homogeneous with the help of equation (i) we have
ax2 + by2 + (ab + 1) xy + x (ax + by) + by (ax + by) = 0
since angle between these two lines is 90°
 Coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
2a + b + b2 = 0 is the required condition.
26. If 3a – 2b + 5c = 0, family of straight lines ax + by + c = 0 are always concurrent at a point whose
coordinate is -
3 2  3 2 3 2  3 2 
(a)  ,  (b)   ,  (c)  ,   (d)  , 
5 5  5 5 5 5  5 5 
3 2
Sol. 3a – 2b + 5c = 0  a  b + c = 0.
5 5
3 2
Thus the line ax + by + c = 0 passes through the point  ,   .
5 5
27. The diagonals AC and BD of a rhombus intersect a (5, 6). If A  (3, 2) then equation of diagonal BD
is
(a) y – x = 1 (b) 2y – x = 17 (c) y – 2x + 4 = 0 (d) 2y + x = 17
62 1
Sol. mAC = = 2  mBD = 
53 2
1
Thus equation of BD is (y – 6) =  (x – 5) i.e., 2y + x – 17 = 0.
2
28. Consider the straight line ax + by = c where a, b, c  R+. This line meets the coordinate axes at 'P' and
'Q' respectively. If the area of triangle OPQ, 'O' being origin, does not depend upon a, b and c, then
(A) a, b, c are in G.P. (b) a, c, b are in G.P.
(C) a, b, c are in A.P. (d) a, c, b are in A.P.
c   c
Sol. P   ,0  , Q   0, 
a   b
1
OPQ = (OP) (OQ)
2
1 c2
= clearly OPQ
2 ab
will not depend upon a,b and c if c2 = ab,
i.e., a, c, b are in G.P.
29. Locus of a point that is equidistant from the lines x + y – 2 2 = 0 and x + y – 2 = 0 is

(a) x + y – 5 2 = 0 (b) x + y – 3 2 = 0
(c) 2x + 2y – 3 2 = 0 (d) 2x + 2y – 5 2 = 0
Sol. For any point P (x, y) that is equidistant from given line, we have
x + y – 2 = – (x + y – 2 2 )  2x + 2y – 3 2 = 0.
30. The nearest point on the line 3x + 4y = 12 from the origin is -
 36 48   3  3
(a)  ,  (b)  3,  (c)  2,  (d) none of these
 25 25   4  2
Sol. If 'D' be the foot of altitude, drawn from origin to the given line, then 'D' is the required point
4 12
OBA =  tan = DOA =  we have OD = .
3 5
y
(0,3)
B
A
x
O (4,0)
36 48
If D is (h, k) then h = OD cos , k = OD sin h = , k = .
25 25
31. Image of the point P (1, 5) with respect to the line 4x + 3y + 6 = 0 is -
 19 13   13 19   191 113 
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c) (–7, –1) (d)  , 
 25 25   25 25   25 25 
Sol. If Q (h, k) is the image then
h 1 k  5
 = – 10  h = – 7, k = – 1
4 / 5 3/ 5
32. If the points P(a2, a) lies in the region corresponding to the acute angle between the lines 2y = x and
4y = x, then
(a) a (2, 6) (b) a (4, 6) (c) a (2, 4) (d) none of these
a2 a2
Sol. We have a – > 0 and a – < 0 y = x/2
4 2
 a 2  a2  P (a2,a) y = x/4
  a   a  0
 4  2 
 a (2, 4) O
33. The lines x + 2y + 3 = 0, x + 2y – 7 = 0 and 2x – y – 4 = 0 are the sides of a square. Equation of the
remaining side of the square can be -
(a) 2x – y – 14 = 0 (b) 2x – y + 8 = 0 (c) 2x – y – 10 = 0 (D) 2x – y – 6 =0
10
Sol. Distance between x + 2y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y – 7 = 0 is . Let the remaining side be 2x – y + = 0
5
|   4 | 10
We have  = 5, – 14, thus remaining side is 2x – y + 6 = 0 or 2x – y – 14 = 0
5 5
34. The straight lines 7x – 2y + 10 = 0 and 7x + 2y – 10 = 0 forms an isosceles triangle with the line y = 2.
Area of this triangle is equal to
15 10 18
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units (c) sq. units (d) none of these
7 7 7
6   6  12
Sol. We have, B   , 2  , C    , 2   BC = , AD = 3
7   7  7
A (0,5)
C B y = 2
D
– 10 ,0 + 10 ,0
7 7
0
O
7x
0=
+2
+1
y-1
-2y
0=
7x
1 12 18
 ABC = . .3  sq. units
2 7 7
35. Consider the family of lines 5x + 3y – 2 + 3x – y – 4) = 0 and x – y + 1 +  (2x – y – 2) = 0.
Equation of a straight line that belong to both families is =
(a) 25x – 62y + 86 = 0 (b) 62x – 25y + 86 = 0
(c) 25x – 62y = 86 (d) 5x – 2y – 7 = 0
1  4
y – 4 = (x – 3)
1 3
i.e., 5x – 2y – 7 = 0.
36. In the adjacent figure combined equation of the incident and the refracted ray is
4 4
(a) (x – 2)2 – y2 + (x – 2) y = 0 (b) (x – 2)2 + y2 – (x – 2) y = 0
3 3
4
(c) (x – 2)2 + y2 + ( x – 2) y = 0 (d) none of these
3
60°
(2,0)
x
O P
30°
1
Sol. Equation of incident ray is y = – (x – 2). Equation of refracted rays is, y = – 3 (x – 2) .
3
 y 
Combined equation is (x – 2 + y 3 )  x  2  0
 3
y
i.e., (x – 2)2 + y2 + (x – 2) + 4 = 0.
3
37. A light ray emerging from the point source placed at P (2, 3) is reflected at a point 'Q' on the y-axis and
then passes through the point R (5, 10). Coordinate of 'Q' is -
(a) (0, 3) (B) (0, 2) (c) (0, 5) (d) none of these
Sol. If P1 be the reflection of P in y-axis then P1 (–2, 3)
y
Equation of line P1R is
10  3 R(5,10)
(y – 3) =  x  2
52
 y = x + 5. It meets y-axis at (0, 5) Q  (0, 5) Q
P(2,3)
x
O

38. Line ax + by + p = 0 makes angle with x cos  + y sin  = p, p R+.
4
If these lines and the line x sin – y cos= 0 are concurrent then
(a) a2 + b2 = 1 (b) a2 + b2 = 2 (c) 2(a2 + b2) = 1 (d) none of these
Sol. Lines x cos+ y sin = p and x sin– y cos = 0 are mutually perpendicular. Thus ax + by + p = 0 will
be equally inclined to these line and would be the angle bisector of these lines. Now equations of angle
bisectors is,
x sin – y cos = ± (x cos + y sin– p)
 x (cos – sin) + y (sin+ cos ) = p
or x (sin+ cos) – y (cos– sin) = p
a b
Comparing these lines with ax + by + p = 0, we get  1
cos   sin  sin   cos 
a b
 a2 + b2 = 2 or  1
sin   cos  sin   cos 
 a2 + b2 = 2
39. If a, b, c are in A.P., then ax + by + c = 0 represents
(a) a single line (b) a family of concurrent lines
(c) a family of parallel lines (d) none of these
Sol. Since a, b, c are in A.P. 2b = a + c
a – 2b + c = 0  family of lines is concurrent at the point (1, –2)
40. Two particles start from the point (2, –1) one moving 2 units along the line x + y = 1 and the other 5 units
along the line x – 2y = 4. If the particles move towards increasing y, then their new positions are
 
(a) 2  2, 2  1 , 2 5  2, 5  1   
(b) 2 5  2, 5  1 , 2 2, 2  1 
(c)  2  2, 2  1 ,  2 5  2, 5  1 (d) none of these
Sol. P(2, –1) goes 2 units along x + y = 1 upto A and 5 units along
x – 2y = 4 upto B.
slope of PA = –1 = tan 135°
slope of PB = 1/2 = tan 
1 2
 sin = , cos=
5 5
The coordinates of B

i.e., (x1 + r cos , y1 + rsin) are 2 5  2, 5  1 
The coordinates of A i.e., (x1 + rcos 135°, y1 + r sin 135°) are 2  2, 2  1  
41. Find the value of x, if the distance between the points (x, –1) and (3, 2) and is 5.
Sol. Let P (x, –1) and Q (3, 2) be the given points. Then PQ = 5 (given)
2 2
 x  3   1  2  5  (x – 3)2 + 9 = 25
 x = 7 or x = – 1
42. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (6, 3) and (–4, 5) in the
ratio 3 : 2 (i) internally and (ii) externally.
Sol. Let P(x, y) be the required point
(i) For internal division :
3x  4  2  6 3 5  2  3 21
x and y  or x = 0 and y =
3 2 3 2 5
21
So the coordinates or P are  0,  3
 5  2
(ii) For external division A B P
(6,3) (–4,5) (x,y)
3  4  2  6 3 5  2  3
x and y 
3 2 3 2
or x = –24 and y = 9
So the coordinates of P are (–24, 9)
43. Find the coordinates of points which trisect the line segment joining (1, –2) and (–3, 4).
Sol. Let A (1, –2) and B (–3, 4) be the given points. Let the points of trisection be P and Q. Then
AP = PQ = QB =(say)
 PB = PQ + QB = 2 and AQ = AP + PQ = 2
 AP : PB = : 2= 1 : 2 and AQ : QB = 2 : = 2 : 1
So P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 while Q divides internally in the ratio 2 : 1
 1 3  2  1 1 4  2  2   1 
 the coordinates of P are  ,  or   , 0 
 1 2 1 2   3 
 2  3  11 2  4  1  2    5 
and the coordinates of Q are  ,  or   , 2 
 2 1 2 1   3 
 1   5 
Hence, the points of trisection are   , 0  and   , 2 
 3   3 
44. Find the coordinates of (i) centroid (ii) in-centre of the triangle whose are (0, 6), (8, 12) and (8, 0).
Sol. (i) We know that the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose angular points are (x1, y1), (x2, y2)
(x3, y3) are
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 
 , 
 3 3 
So the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (0, 6) (8, 12) and (8, 0) are
 0  8  8 6  12  0   16 
 ,  or  ,6 
 3 3   3 
(ii) Let A (0, 6) B (8, 12) and C (8, 0) be the vertices of triangle ABC.
2 2 2 2
Then c = AB =  0  8   6  12  = 10, b = CA =  0  8   6  0 = 10
2 2
and a = BC =  8  8  12  0  = 12
 ax  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
The coordinates of the in-centre are  1 , 
 abc abc 
 12  0  10  8  10  8 12  6  10  12  10  0   160 192 
or  ,  or  ,  or (5,6)
 12  10  10 12  10  10   32 32 
45. If the coordinates of two points A and B are (3, 4) and (5, –2) respectively. Find the coordinates of any
point P if PA = PB and Area of PAB = 10.
Sol. Let the coordinates of P be (x, y). Then
PA = PB  PA2 = PB2  (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = (x – 5)2 + (y + 2)2
 x – 3y – 1 = 0
x y 1
1
Now, Area of PAB = 10  3 4 1 = ± 10  6x + 2y – 26 = ± 20
2
5 2 1
 6x + 2y – 46 = 0 or 6x + 2y – 6 = 0
 3x + y – 23 = 0 or 3x + y – 3 = 0
Solving x – 3 y – 1 = 0 and 3x + y – 23 = 0 we get x = 7, y = 2. Solving x – 3y – 1 = 0 and
3x + y – 3 = 0, we get x = 1, y = 0. Thus, the coordinates of P are (7, 2) or (1, 0).
46. What is the slope of a line whose inclination is :
(i) 0° (ii) 90° (iii) 120° (iv) 150°
(i) Here = 0°
Slope = tan = tan 0° = 0 Ans.
(ii) Here = 90°
 The slope of line is not defined Ans.
(iii) Here = 120°
 Slope = tan = tan 120° = tan (180° – 60°) = – tan30° =  3 Ans.
(i v) Here = 150°
1
 Slope = tan = tan 150° = tan (180° – 30°) = –tan 30° = 
3
47. Find the slope of the line passing through the points :
(i) (1, 6) and (–4, 2) (ii) (5, 9) and (2, 9)
Sol. (i) Let A = (1, 6) and B = (–4, –2)
2  6 4 4  y2  y1 
 Slope of AB =   Ans.  Usin g slope  
4  1 5 5  x 2  x1 
(ii) Let A = (5, 9), B = (2, 9)
99 0
 Slope of AB =  = 0 Ans.
2  5 3
48. Show that the points (1, 1), (2, 3) and (3, 5) are collinear.
Sol. Let (1, 1), (2, 3) and (3, 5) be the coordinates of the points A, B and C respectively.
3 1 53
Slope of AB = = 2 and Slope of BC = = 2
2 1 3 2
 Slope of AB = slope of AC
 AB & BC are parallel
 A, B, C are collinear because B is on both lines AB and BC.
49. Find the equation of a line passing through (2, –3) and inclined at an angle of 135° with positive direction
of x = axis.
Sol. Here, m = slope of the line = tan 135° = tan (90° + 45°) = – cot 45° = –1, x1 = 2, y1 = – 3
So, the equation of the line is y – y1 = m (x – x1)
i.e., y – (–3) = –1 (x – 2) or y + 3 = –x + 2 or x + y + 1 = 0 Ans.
50. Find the equation of a line with slope –1 and cutting off an intercept of 4 units on negative direction of
y-axis.
Sol. Here m = –1 and c = –4. So, the equation of the line is y = mx + c i.e., y = – x – 4 or x + y + 4 = 0
51. Find the equation of the line joining the points (–1, 3) and (4, –2).
Sol. Here the two points are (x1, y1) = (–1, 3) and (x2, y2) = (4, –2).
So, the equation of the line in two-point form is
3   2 
y – 3 = (x + 1)  y – 3 = – x – 1 x + y – 2 = 0
1  4
52. Find the equation of the line passing through (2, 4) & (–1, 3).
x y 1
Sol. 2 4 1 = 0  x – 3y + 10 = 0
1 3 1
53. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (3, 4) and the sum of its intercepts on the
axes is 14.
x y
Sol. Let the equation of the line be   1 .....(i)
a b
3 4
This passes through (3, 4), therefore   1 .....(ii)
a b
3 4
It is given that a + b = 14 b = 14 – a. Putting b = 14 – a in (ii), we get  1
a 14  a
 a2 – 13a + 42 = 0
 (a – 7) (a – 6) = 0  a = 7, 6
For a = 7, b = 14 – 7 = 7 and for a = 6, b = 14 – 6 = 8.
Putting the values of a and b in (i) we get the equations of the lines
x y y y
  1 and   1
7 7 6 8
or x + y = 7 and 4x + 3y = 24 Ans.
54. Find the equation of the line which is at a distance 3 from the origin and the perpendicular from the origin
to the line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the x-axis.
Sol. Here p = 3, = 30°
 Equation of the line in the normal form is
3 y
x cos 30° + y sin 30° = 3 or x  = 3 or 3 x + y = 6 Ans.
2 2
55. Find the equation of the line through the point A (2, 3) and making an angle of 45° with the x-axis.
Also determine the length of intercept on it between A and the line x + y + 1 = 0.
Sol. The equation of a line through A and making an angle of 45° with the x-axis is
x2 y3 x 2 y3
 or  or x – y + 1 = 0
cos 45 sin 45 1 1
2 2
Suppose this line meets the line x + y + 1 = 0 at P such that AP = r. Then the coordinates of P are given
by
x2 y3
 = r  x = 2 + r cos 45°, y = 3 + r sin 45°
cos 45 sin 45
r r
 x = 2 + , y = 3 +
2 2
 r r 
Thus, the coordinates of P are  2  ,3  
 2 2
r r
Since P lies on x + y + 1 = 0, so 2 + + 3 + + 1 = 0
2 2
 2 r = – 6 r = –3 2 length AP = |r| = 3 2
Thus, the length of the intercept = 3 2 Ans.
56. Find slope, x-intercept & y-intercept of the line 2x – 3y + 5 = 0.
Sol. Here, a = 2, b = – 3, c = 5
a 2 c 5
 slope =   Ans x-intercept =    Ans.
b 3 a 2
5
y-intercept =
3
57. The acute angle between two lines is /4 and slope of one of them is 1/2. Find the slope of the other line.
m1  m 2
Sol. If be the acute angle between the lines with slopes m1 and m2, then thn =
1  m1m 2
 1
Let = and m1 =
4 2
1
  m2 1  2m 2
2 1  2m 2
 tan   1  = + 1 or – 1
4 1 1 m 2  m2 2  m2
2
2
1  2m 2 1 1  2m 2
Now 1  m2 =  and = – 1 m2 = 3.
2  m2 3 2  m2
 The slope of the other line is either –1/3 or 3
58. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the origin and making angle 60° with the line
x + 3 y + 3 3 = 0.
Sol. Given line is x + 3 y + 3 3 = 0.
 1  1
 y =    x – 3  Slope of (1) = – .
 3 3
Let slope of the required line be m. Also between these lines is given to be 60°
 tan 60° =

m  1/ 3  3 =
3m  1

3m  1
 3
1  m  1/ 3  3m 3m
3m  1 1
  3  3 m + 1 = 3 – 3 m  m =
3m 3
Using y = mx + c, the equation of the required line is
1
y = x + 0 i.e., x – 3 y = 0 ( This passes through origin, so c = 0)
3
3m  1
 3  3 m + 1 = –3 + 3 m
3m
 m is not defined
 The slope of the required line is not defined. Thus, the required line is a vertical line. This line is
to pass through the origin.
 The equation of the required line is x = 0 Ans.
59. Find the equation of the straight line that has y-intercept 4 and is parallel to the straight line 2x – 3y = 7
Sol. Given line is 2x – 3y = 7
2 7
(1)  3y = 2x – 7  y = x 
3 3
 Slope of (1) is 2/3
The required line is parallel to (1), so its slope is alos 2/3, y-intercept of required line = 4
 By using y = mx + c form, the equation of the required line is
2
y = x + 4 or 2x – 3y + 12 = 0 Ans.
3
60. Two sides of a square lie on the lines x + y = 1 and x + y + 2 = 0. What is its area ?
Sol. Clearly that length of the side of the square is equal to the distance between the parallel lines
x + y – 1 = 0 .....(i) and x + y + 2 = 0 .....(ii)
Putting x = 0 in (i) we get y = 1. So (0, 1) is a point on line (i)
Now, Distance between the parallel lines
| 0 1 2 | 3
= length of the from (0, 1) to x + y + 2 = 0 = 
2 2
1 1 2
2
3  3  9
Thus, the length of the side of the square is and hence its area =   2
2  2
61. Find the area of the parallelogram whose sides are x + 2y + 3 = 0, 3x + 4y – 5 = 0
2x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 10 = 0.
3 5
Sol. Here, c1 =  , c2 = . 1 3
2 2
2 2
10 5 1 3 3 10
d1 = , d2 = – , m1 = – , m2 = – 4 3
3 2 2 4 3 5
4 4
 3 5  10 5  1 5
      70 2 2
 2 2  3 2  
 Area = sq. units Ans.
 1 3 3
  
 2 4
62. Find the equation of the straight line that passes through the point (3, 4) and perpendicular to the line
3x + 2y + 5 = 0.
Sol. The equation of a line perpendicular to 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 is
2x – 3y + = 0 .....(i)
This passes through the point (3, 4)
 3 × 2 – 3 × 4 + = 0 = 6
Putting = 6 in (i), we get 2x – 3x + 6 = 0, which is the required equation. Ans
Aliter -
The slope of the given line is –3/2. Since the required line is perpendicular to the given line.
2
So, the slope of the required line is 2/3. As it passes through (3, 4) , So its equation is y – 4 = (x – 3)
3
or 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 Ans.
63. Show that (1, 4) and (0, –3) lie on the opposite sides of the line x + 3y + 7 = 0.
Sol. At (1, 4), the value of x + 3y + 7 = 1 + 3(4) + 7 = 20 > 0
At (0, –3), the value of x + 3y + 7 = 0 + 3(–3) + 7 = –2 < 0
 The points (1, 4) and (0, –3) are on the opposite sides of the given line. Ans
64. Find the ratio in which the line joining the points A (1, 2) and B (–3, 4) is divided by the line
x + y – 5 = 0.
Sol. Let the line x + y = 5 divides AB in the ratio k : 1 at P
 3k  1 4k  2 
 coordinate of P are  , 
 k 1 k 1 
Since P lies on x + y – 5 = 0
3k  1 4k  2 1
  – 5 = 0  k = –
k 1 k 1 2
 Required ratio is 1 : 2 extrenally Ans.
Aliter
Let the ratio is m : n
m

11  1 2  5   1

n 1   3   1  4  5 2
 ratio is 1 : 2 externally Ans.
65. Find the distance between the line 12x – 5y + 9 = 0 and the point (2, 1).
12  2  5 1  9 | 24  5  9 | 28
Sol. The required distance =   Ans
122   5
2 13 13
66. Find all points on x + y = 4 that lie at a unit distance from the line 4x + 3y – 10 = 0.
Sol. Note that the coordinates of an arbitrary point on x + y = 4 can be obtained by putting x = t (or y = t) and
then obtaining y (or x) from the equation of the line, where t is a parameter.
Putting x = t in the equation x + y = 4 of the given line, we obtain y = 4 – t. So, coordinates of an arbitrary
point on the given line are P (t, 4 – t). Let P (t, 4 – t) be the required point. Then, distance of P from the
line 4x + 3y – 10 = 0 is unity i.e.,
4t  3  4  t   10
 = 1  |t + 2| = 5  t + 2 = ± 5
42  32
 t = – 7 or t = 3
Hence, required points are (–7, 11) and (3, 1) Ans.
67. Find the foot of perpendicular of the line drawn from P(–3, 5) on the line x – y + 2 = 0.
Sol. Slope of PM = – 1
 Equation of PM is P(–3.5)
x + y – 2 = 0 ..... (i)
solving equation (i) with x – y + 2 = 0,
we get coordinates of M (0, 2) Ans.
Aliter M x – y + 2 = 0
x 3 y5
 
1  3   1  5  2 
Here, 2 2
1 1 1   1
x 3 y5
  3  x + 3 = 3  x = 0
1 1
and y – 5 = – 3  y = 2
 M is (0, 2) Ans.
68. Find the image of the point P (–1, 2) in the line mirror 2x – 3y + 4 = 0.
Sol. Let image of P is Q.
P(–1,2)
 PM = MQ & PQ AB
Let Q is (h, k)
2x–3y + 4 = 0
 h 1 k  2  A M B
 M is  , 
 2 2 
Q(h,k)
It lies on 2x – 3y + 4 = 0.
  h 1   k  2 
2   3 4 0
 2   2 
or 2h – 3k = 0 .....(i)
k2
Slope of PQ =
h 1
PQ  AB
k2 2
  = – 1.
h 1 3
 3h + 2k – 1 = 0. .....(ii)
soving (i) & (ii), we get
3 2
h ,k 
13 13
3 2
 Image of P (–1, 2) is Q  ,  Ans.
 13 13 
Aliter
The image of P (–1, 2) about the line 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 is
x 1 y  2 [2  1  3  2   4] x 1 y  2 8
  2 2 ;  
2 3 22   3 2 3 13
3
 13x + 13 = 16  x =
13
2
& 13y – 26 = –24  y =
13
3 2
 image is  ,  Ans.
 13 13 
69. Find the equations of the bisectors of the angle between the straight lines
3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x – 5y – 8 = 0
Sol. The equations of the bisectors of the angles between 3x – 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x – 5y – 8 = 0 are
3x  4y  7 12x  5y  8

2 2
32   4  122   5 
3x  4y  7 12x  5y  8
or 
5 13
or 39x – 52y + 91 = ± (60 x – 25 y – 8)
Taking the positive sign, we get 21x + 27y – 131 = 0 as one bisector Ans.
Taking the negative sign, we get 99 x – 77y + 51 = 0 as the other bisector Ans.
70. For the straight lines 4x + 3y – 6 = 0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0, find the equation of the
(i) bisector of the obtuse angle between them ;
(ii) bisector of the acute angle between them ;
Sol. (i) The equations of the given straight lines are
4x + 3y – 6 = 0 .....(1)
5x + 12y + 9 = 0 .....(2)
The equation of the bisectors of the angles between lines (1) and (2) are
4x  3y  6 5x  12y  9 4x  3y  6 x  12y  9
 or 
42  32 52  122 5 13
Taking the positive sign, we have
4x  3y  6 x  12y  9

5 13
or 52x + 39y – 78 = 25x + 60y + 45 or 27x – 21y – 123 = 0
or 9x – 7y – 41 = 0
4x  3y  6 x  12y  9
Taking the negative sign , we have 
5 13
or 52x + 39y – 78 = –25x – 60y – 45 or 77x + 99y – 33 = 0
or 7x + 9y – 3 = 0
Hence the equation of the bisectors are
9x – 7y – 41 = 0 .....(3)
and 7x + 9y – 3 = 0 .....(4)
4 9
Now slope of line (1) =  and slope of the bisector (3) =
3 7
If be the acute angle between the line (1) and the bisector (3), then
9 4

7 3 27  28 55 11
tan =    1
9 4 21  36 15 3
1   
7 3
  > 45°
Hence 9x – 7y – 41 = 0 is the bisector of the obtuse angle between the given lines (1) and (2) Ans.
(ii) Since 9x – 7y – 41 is the bisector of the obtuse angle betwewn the given lines, therefore the other
bisector 7x + 9y – 3 = 0 will be the bisector of the acute angle between the given lines.
2nd Method :
Writing the equation of the lines so that constants become positive we have
–4x –3y + 6 = 0 .....(1)
and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0 .....(2)
Here a1 = – 4, a2 = 5, b1 = –3, b2 = 12
Now a1a2 + b1b2 = – 20 – 36 = – 56 < 0
 origin does not lie in the obtuse angle between lines (1) and (2) and hence equation of the
bisector of the obtuse angle between lines (1) and (2) will be
4x  3y  6 5x  12y  9

2 2
 4    3 52  122
or 13(–4x – 3y + 6) = – 5 (5x + 12y + 9)
or 27x – 21y – 123 = 0 or 9x – 7y – 41 = 0 Ans.
and the equation of the bisector of the acute angle will be (origin lies in the acute angle)
4x  3y  6 5x  12y  9

2 2
 4    3  52  122
or 77x + 99y – 33 = 0 or 7x + 9y – 3 = 0 Ans.
71. For the straight lines 4x + 3y – 6 = 0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0, find the equation of the bisector of the angle
which contains the origin.
Sol. For point O (0, 0), 4x + 3y – 6 = – 6 < 0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 9 > 0
Hence for point O (0, 0) 4x + 3y – 6 and 5x + 12y + 9 are of opposite signs.
Hence equation of the bisector of the angle between the given lines containing the origin will be
4x  3y  6 5x  12y  9

2 2
 4    3 52  12 2
or 4x  3y  6 5x  12y  9

5 13
or 52x + 39y – 78 = – 25x – 60y – 45
or 77x + 99y – 33 = 0
or 7x + 9y – 3 = 0 Ans.
72. Prove that the straight lines 4x + 7y = 9, 5x – 8y + 15 = 0 and 9x – y + 6 = 0 are concurrent.
Sol. Given lines are
4x + 7y – 9 = 0 .....(1)
5x – 8y + 15 = 0 .....(2)
and 9x – y + 6 = 0 .....(3)
4 7 9
= 5 8 15 = 4(–48 + 15) – 7(30 – 135) – 9(–5 + 72) = – 132 + 735 – 603 = 0
9 1 6
Hence lines (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent.
73. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (2, –3) and the point of intersection
of the lines x + y + 4 = 0 and 3x – y – 8 = 0.
Sol. Any line through the intersection of the lines x + y + 4 = 0 and 3x – y – 8 = 0 has the equation
(x + y + 4) + (3x – y – 8) = 0 .....(i)
This will pass through (2, –3) if
(2 – 3 + 4) + (6 + 3 – 8) = 0 or 3 + = 0 = – 3.
Putting the value of in (i), the required line is
(x + y + 4) + (–3) (3x – y – 8) = 0
or – 8x + 4y + 28 = 0 or 2x – y – 7 = 0 Ans.
Aliter Solving the equations x + y + 4 = 0 and 3x – y – 8 = 0 by cross-multiplication, we get x = 1,
y = –5
So the two lines intersect at the point (1, –5). Hence the required line passes through (2, –3) and
(1, –5) and so its equation is
53
y + 3 = – (x – 2) or 2x – y – 7 = 0 Ans.
1 2
74. Obtain the equations of the lines passing through the intersection of lines 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 and
2x – 5y + 3 = 0 and equally inclined to the axes.
Sol. The equation of any line through the intersection of the given lines is
(4x – 3y – 1) + (2x – 5y + 3) = 0
or x (2+ 4) – y (5+ 3) + 3– 1 = 0 ..... (i)
2  4
Let m be the slope of this line. Then m =
5  3
As the line is equally inclined with the axex, therefore
2  4 1
m = tan 45° of m = tan 135° m = ± 1, = ± 1  = – 1 or , putting the values of 
5  3 3
in (i), we get 2x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 14x – 14y = 0
i.e., x + y – 2 = 0 and x = y as the equations of the required lines.
75. Show that the equation 6x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0 represents a pair of distinct straight lines, each passing
through the origin. Find the separate equations of these lines.
Sol. The given equation is a homogeneous equation of second degree. So, it represents a pair of straight lines
passing through the origin. Comparing the given equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we obtain a = 6, b = 1 and 2h = – 5.
25 1
 h2 – ab = – 6 = > 0 h2 > ab
4 4
Hence, the given equation represents a pair of distinct lines passing through the origin
2
y y
Now, 6x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0     5   6  0
x x
2
y y y y  y 
    3   2    6  0    3   2   0
x x x x  x 
y y
 – 3 = 0 or – 2 = 0 y – 3x = 0 or y – 2x = 0
x x
So the given equation represents the straight lines y – 3x = 0 and y – 2x = 0 Ans.
76. Find the equations to the pair of lines through the origin which are perpendicular to the lines represented
by 2x2 – 7xy + 2y2 = 0.
Sol. We have 2x2 – 7xy + 2y2 = 0
 2x2 – 6xy – xy + 3y2 = 0  2x (x – 3y) – y (x – 3y) = 0
 (x – 3y) (2x – y) = 0  x – 3y = 0 or 2x – y = 0
Thus the given equation represents the lines x – 3y = 0 and 2x – y = 0. The equations of the lines passing
through the origin and perpendicular to the given lines are y – 0 = –3 (x – 0)
1
and y – 0 = – (x – 0) [ (Slope of x – 3 y = 0) is 1/3 and (Slope of 2x – y = 0) is 2]
2
 y + 3x = 0 and 2y + x = 0 Ans.
77. Find the angle between the pair of straight lines 4x2 + 24xy + 11y2 = 0.
Sol. Given equation is 4x2 + 24xy + 11y2 = 0
Here a = coeff. of x2 = 4, b = coeff. of y2 = 11
and 2h = coeff. of xy = 24 h = 12
2 h 2  ab 2 144  44 4
Now tan =  
ab 4  11 3
Where  is the acute angle between the lines,
4 4
acute angle between the lines is tan–1   and obtuse angle between them is – tan–1   Ans.
3 3
78. Find the equation of the bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by 3x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0.
Sol. Given equation is 3x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0 .....(1)
2 2
comparing it with the equation ax + 2hxy + by = 0 .....(2)
we have a = 3, 2h = – 5 ; and b = 4
x 2  y 2 xy
Now the equation of the bisectors of the angle between the pair of lines (1) is 
ab h
x 2  y 2 xy x 2  y 2 2xy
or  ; or 
3 4 5 1 5

2
or 5x – 2xy – 5y2 = 0
2
79. Prove that the equation 2x2 + 5xy + 3y2 + 6x + 7y + 4 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines. Find the
co-ordinates of their point of intersection and also the angle between them.
Sol. Given equation is
2x2 + 5xy + 2y2 + 6x + 7y + 4 = 0
Writing the equation (1) as a quadratic equation in x we have
2x2 + (5y + 6) x + 3y2 + 7y + 4 = 0
2
  5y  6    5y  6   4.2  3y 2  7y  4 
 x =
4
  5y  6   25y 2  60y  36  24y 2  56y  32

=
4
  5y  6   y 2  4y  4   5y  6    y  2 
= 
4 4
5y  6  y  2 5y  6  y  2
 x = ,
4 4
or 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 and 4x + 6y + 8 = 0
or x + y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 3y + 4 = 0
Hence equation (1) represents a pair of straight lines whose equation are x + y + 1 = 0 .....(1)
and 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 .....(2)
Solving these two equations, the required point of interesection is (1, –2) Ans.
80. Prove that the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the straight line
2 2
y = 3x + 2 with the curve x2 + 2xy + 3y2 + 4x + 8y – 11 = 0 is tan–1 .
3
Sol. Equation of the given curve is x2 + 2xy + 3y2 + 4x + 8y – 11 = 0
y  3x
and equation of the given straight line is y – 3x = 2 ; 1 
2
Making equation (1) homogeneous equation of the second degree in x and y with the help of (1), we
have
2
 y  3x   y  3x   y  3x 
x2 + 2xy + 3y2 + 4x    8y    11  0
 2   2   2 
1 11
or x2 + 2xy + 3y2 + (4xy + 8y2 – 12x2 – 24xy) – (y2 – 6xy + 9x2) = 0
2 4
or 4x + 8xy + 12y + 2 (8y – 12x – 20xy) – 11 (y2 – 6xy + 9x2) = 0
2 2 2 2
or –119x2 + 34xy + 17y2 = 0 or 119x2 – 34xy – 17y2 = 0
or 7x2 – 2xy – y2 = 0
This is the equation of the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of (1) and (2). Comparing
equation (3) with the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
we have a = 7, b = –1 and 2h = –2 i.e., h = –1
If  be the acute angle between pair of lines (3) then
2 h 2  ab 2 1 7 2 8 2 2
tan =   
ab 7 1 6 3
2 2
 = tan–1 proved
3
81. Find equation of straight line passing through the point (1, 1) and makes an angle /4 with the line
2x – y = 7.
m1 y = 2x–7
Sol.
m2
tan = 2 ; /4
2 1
m1 = tan ( +) = 3
1 2
2 1 1
and m2 = tan (– ) = 
1 2 3
required equation of straight lines
(y – 1) = –3 (x – 1)  3x + y = 4
1
and (y – 1) = (x – 1)  x – 3y + 2 = 0
3
82. In ABC, AB = AC and line BC is passing through the point (2, 1). If AB : 3x + 2y = 5 and
AC : 2x + 3y + 3 = 0 then find possible equations of side BC.
Sol. If AB = AC than we know that BC is parallel to angle bisection of AB and AC. Angle bisectors of AB
and AC are given by
2
x – y = 8 and x + y =
5
thats why equations of side BC are x – y = 1 and x + y = 3
83. In ABC, AB : 2x + y = 3 : BC : 3x + 2y = 5 and orthocentre of the triangle is (2, –1) then find area of
the triangle.
A
Sol. AB : 2x + y = 3
BC : 3x + 2y = 5
3
 B (1, 1) F
y =
+
AD BC and passing through H H(2,1)
2x
5 1 D
 A , 
4 2 B 3x + 2y = 5 C
CF AB and passing through H
 CF : x – 2y = 0
S S 1
 C ,   Area =
4 8 64
84. Let a, b, c be three distinct numbers such that the lines ax + by + c = 0 ; bx + cy + a = 0 and
cx + ay + b = 0 are concunent then prove that a + b + c = 0.
Sol. Lines ax + by + c = 0 ; bx + cy + a = 0 and cx + ay + b = 0 are concunent then
a b c
b c a   a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = 0
c a b
 (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = 0
but a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca can not be equal to zero because a, b, c are different, hence
a + b + c = 0
ELEMENTARY EXERCISES
( SL. LONEY - EX-1)
Find the distances between the following pairs of points. (Q.1 to Q.7)
Q.1 (2, 3) and (5, 7).
Q.2 (4, – 7) and (–1, 5).
Q.3 (–3, – 2) and (–6 , 7), the axes being inclined at 60°.
Q.4 (a, 0) and (0, b).
Q.5 (b + c, c + a) and (c + a, a + b).
Q.6 (a cos , a sin ) and (a cos a sin ).
Q.7 (am12, 2am1) and (am22, 2am2).
Q.8 Lay down in a figure the positions of the points (1, – 3) and (–2, 1) and prove that the distance between
them is 5.
Q.9 Find the value of x1 if the distance between the points (x1, 2) and (3, 4) be 8.
Q.10 A line is of length 10 and one end is at the point (2, –3); if the abscissa of the other end be 10, prove that
its ordinate must be 3 or –9.
Q.11 Prove that the points (2a, 4a), (2a, 6a) and (2a  3a , 5a ) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle

whose side is 2a.
Q.12 Prove that the points (–2, –1), (1, 0), (4, 3) and (1, 2) are at the vertices of a parallelogram.
Q.13 Prove that the points (2, – 2), (8, 4), (5, 7) and (– 1, 1) are at the angular points of a rectangle.
 1 39 
Q.14 Prove that the point  – ,  is the centre of the circle circumscribing the triangle whose angular
 14 14 
points are (1, 1), (2, 3), and (– 2, 2).
Find the coordinates of the point which (Q.15 to Q.18)
Q.15 Divides the line joining the points (1, 3) and (2, 7) in the ratio 3 : 4.
Q.16 Divides the same line in the ratio 3 : – 4.
Q.17 Divides, internally and externally, the line joining (– 1, 2) to (4, – 5) in the ratio 2 : 3.
Q.18 Divides, internally and externally, the line joining (–3 , –4) to (– 8, 7) in the ratio 7 : 5.
Q.19 The line joining the points (1, – 2) and (– 3, 4) is trisected; find the coordinates of the points of trisection.
Q.20 The line joining the points (– 6, 8) and (8, – 6) is divided into four equal parts; find the coordinates of the
points of section.
Q.21 Find the coordinates of the points which divide, internally and externally, the line joining the point
(a + b, a – b) to the point (a – b, a + b) in the ratio a : b.
Q.22 The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3). The line joining the first two
is divided in the ratio l : k and the line joining this point of division to the opposite angular point is then
divided in the ratio m : k + l. Find the coordinates of the latter point of section.
Q.23 Prove that the coordinates, x and y, of the middle point of the line joining the point (2, 3) to the point
(3, 4) satisfy the equation x – y + 1 = 0.
Q.24 If G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and O be any other point, prove that
3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2) = BC2 + CA2 + AB2
and OA2 + OB2 + OC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3GO2.
Q.25 Prove that the lines joining the middle points of opposite sides of a quadrilateral and the line joining the
middle points of its diagonals meet in a point and bisect one another.
Q.26 A, B, C, D..... are n points in a plane whose coordinates are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3),....AB is bisected
in the points G1 ; G1C is divided at G2 in the ratio 1 : 2 ; G2D is divided at G3 in the ratio 1 : 3 ; G3E at G4
in the ratio 1 : 4, and so on untill all the points are exhausted. Show that the coordinates of the final point
x1  x 2  x 3  ...  x n y1  y 2  y3  ...  y n
so obtained are and .
n n
[This point is called the Centre of Mean Position of the n given points.]
Q.27 Prove that a point can be found which is at the same distance from each of the four points
 a   a   a   a 
 am1 ,  ,  am 2 ,  ,  am3 ,  and  am1m 2 m3 , .
 m1   m2   m3   m1m 2 m3 
( SL. LONEY - EX-2)
Find the areas of the triangles the coordinates of whose angular points are respectively (Q.1 to Q.9)
Q.1 (1, 3), (– 7, 6) and (5, – 1).
Q.2 (0, 4), (3, 6) and (– 8, –2).
Q.3 (5, 2), (– 9, – 3) and (– 3, – 5).
Q.4 (a, b + c), (a, b – c) and (–a, c).
Q.5 (a, c + a), (a, c) and (– a, c – a).
Q.6 (a cos 1, b sin 1), (a cos 2, b sin 2) and (a cos 3, b sin 3).
Q.7 (am12, 2am1), (am22, 2am2) and (am32, 2am3).
Q.8 {am1m2, a (m1 + m2)}, {am2m3, a (m2 + m3)} and {am3m1, a (m3 + m1)}.
 a   a   a 
Q.9 am1 ,  , am 2 ,  and am3 , .
 m1   m2   m3 
Prove (by showing that the area of triangle formed by them is zero) that the following sets of three points are in
a straight line : (Q.10 to Q.12)
Q.10 (1, 4), (3, – 2) and (–3, 16).
 1 
Q.11  – , 3  , (–5,6) and (–8, 8) .
 2 
Q.12 (a, b + c), (b, c + a) and (c, a + b).
Find the areas of the quadrilaterals the coordinates of whose angular points, taken in order, are (Q.13 & Q.14)
Q.13 (1, 1), (3, 4), (5, – 2) and (4, – 7).
Q.14 (–1, 6), (– 3, – 9), (5, – 8) and (3, 9).
Q.15 If O be the origin and if the coordinates of any two points P1 and P2 be respectively (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2), prove that OP1. OP2.cos P1OP2 = x1x2 + y1y2.
( SL. LONEY - EX-4)
By taking a number of solutions, sketch the loci of the following equations : (Q.1 to Q.7)
Q.1 2x+ 3y = 10.
Q.2 4x – y = 7.
Q.3 x2 – 2ax + y2 = 0.
Q.4 x2 – 4ax + y2 +3a2 = 0.
Q.5 y2 = x.
Q.6 3x = y2 – 9.
x 2 y2
Q.7   1.
4 9
A and B being the fixed points (a, 0) and (– a, 0) respectively, obtain the equations giving the locus of P, when
(Q.8 to Q.11)
Q.8 PA2 – PB2 = a constant quantity= 2k2.
Q.9 PA = nPB, n being constant.
Q.10 PA + PB = c, a constant quantity.
Q.11 PB2 + PC2 = 2PA2, C being the point (c, 0).
Q.12 Find the locus of a point whose distance from the point (1, 2) is equal to its distance from the axis of y.
Find the equation to the locus of a point which is always equidistant from the points whose coordinates are
(Q.13 to Q.15)
Q.13 (1, 0) and (0, – 2).
Q.14 (2, 3) and (4, 5).
Q.15 (a + b, a – b) and (a – b, a + b).
Find the equation to the locus of a point which moves so that (Q.16 to Q.20)
Q.16 Its distance from the axis of x is three times its distance from the axis of y.
Q.17 Its distance from the point (a, 0) is always four times its distnace from the axis of y.
Q.18 The sum of the squares of its distance from the axes is equal to 3.
Q.19 The square of its distance from the point (0, 2) is equal to 4.
Q.20 Its distance from the point (3, 0) is three times its distnace from (0, 2).
( SL. LONEY - EX-5)

Find the equation to the straight line (Q.1 to Q.4)
Q.1 Cutting off an intercept unity from the positive direction of the axis of y and inclined at 45° to the axis of x.
Q.2 Cutting off an intercept –5 from the axis of y and being equally inclined to the axes.
Q.3 Cutting off an intercept 2 from the negative direction of the axis of y and inclined at 30° to OX.
–1 3
Q.4 Cutting off an intercept – 3 from the axis of y and inclined at an angle tan to the axis of x.
5
Find the equation to the straight line. (Q.5 & Q.6)
Q.5 Cutting off intercepts 3 and 2 from the axes.
Q.6 Cutting off intercepts – 5 and 6 from the axes.
Q.7 Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the point (5, 6) and has intercepts on the axes
(i) equal in magnitude and both positive,
(ii) equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
Q.8 Find the equations to the straigth lines which pass through the point (1, – 2) and cut off equal distance
from the two axes.
Q.9 Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the given point (x', y') and is such that the
given point bisects the part intercepted between the axes.
Q.10 Find the equation to the striaght line which passes through the point (– 4, 3) and is such that the portion
of it between the axes is divided by the point in the ratio 5 : 3.
Trace the straight lines whose equations are (Q.11 to Q.14)
Q.11 x + 2y + 3 = 0.
Q.12 5x – 7y – 9 = 0.
Q.13 3x + 7y = 0.
Q.14 2x – 3y + 4 = 0.
Find the equations to the straight lines passing through the following pairs of points. (Q.15 to Q.24)
Q.15 (0, 0) and (2, – 2).
Q.16 (3, 4) and (5, 6).
Q.17 (–1, 3) and (6, – 7).
Q.18 (0, – a) and (b, 0)
Q.19 (a, b) and (a + b, a – b)
Q.20 (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2)
 a  a
Q.21  at1 ,  and  at 2 , 
 t1   t2 
Q.22 (a cos 1, a sin 1) and (a cos 2, a sin 2).
Q.23 (a cos 1, b sin 1) and (a cos 2, b sin 2).
Q.24 (a sec 1, b tan 1) and (a sec 2, b tan 2).
Find the equations to the sides of the triangles the coordinates of whose angular points are respectively.
(Q.25 & Q.26)
Q.25 (1, 4), (2, – 3) and (– 1, – 2).
Q.26 (0, 1), (2, 0) and (– 1, – 2).
Q.27 Find the equations to the diagonals of the rectangle the equations of whose sides are x = a, x = a',
y = b and y = b'.
Q.28 Find the equation to the straight line which bisects the distance between the points (a, b) and (a', b') and
also bisects the distance between the points (– a, b) and (a', – b').
Q.29 Find the equations to the straight lines which go through the origin and trisect the portion of the straight
line 3x + y = 12 which is intercepted between the axes of coordinates.
( SL. LONEY - EX-6)

Find the angles between the pairs of straight lines (Q.1 to Q.5)
Q.1 x – y 3  5 and 3x  y  7.
Q.2 x – 4y = 3 and 6x – y = 11.
Q.3 y = 3x + 7 and 3y – x = 8.
Q.4 y  (2 – 3)x  5 and y  (2  3)x – 7.
Q.5 (m2 – mn) y = (mn + n2) x + n3 and (mn + m2)y = (mn – n2) x + m3.
Q.6 Find the tangent of the angle between the lines whose intercepts on the axes are respectively a, – b and b, – a.
Q.7 Prove that the points (2, – 1), (0, 2), (2, 3) and (4, 0) are the coordinates of the angular points of a
parallelogram and find the angle between its diagonals.
Find the equation to the straight line. (Q.8 to Q.11)
Q.8 Passsing through the point (2, 3) and perpendicular to the straight line 4x – 3y = 10.
Q.9 Passing through the point (– 6, 10) and perpendicular to the straight line 7x + 8y = 5.
Q.10 Passing through the point (2, – 3) and perpendicular to the straight line joining the points (5, 7)and (– 6, 3).
Q.11 Passing through the point (– 4, – 3) and perpendicular to the straight line joininig (1, 3) and (2, 7).
x y
Q.12 Find the equation to the straight line drawn at right angles to the straight line –  1 through the point
a b
where it meets the axis of x.
Q.13 Find the equation to the straight line which bisects, and is perpendicular to the straight line joining the
points (a, b) and (a', b').
Q.14 Prove that the equation to the straight line which passes through the point (a cos3, a sin3) and is
perpendicular to the straight line x sec  + y cosec  = a is x cos  – y sin  = a cos2.
Q.15 Find the equations to the straight lines passing through (x', y') and respectively perpendicular to the
xx ' yy '
straight lines xx' + yy' = a2, 2  2  1 and x ' y  xy '  a 2
a b
Q.16 Find the equations to the straight lines which divide, internally and externally, the line joining (– 3, 7) to
(5, – 4) in the ratio 4 : 7 and which are perpendicular to this line.
Q.17 Through the point (3, 4) are drawn two straight lines each inclined at 45° to the straight line x –y = 2.
Find their equations and find also the area included by the three lines.
Q.18 Show that the equations to the straight lines passing through the point (3, – 2) and inclined at 60° to the
line 3x  y  1 are y + 2 = 0 and y – 3x  2  3 3  0. Q.
Q.19 Find the equations to the straight lines which pass through the origin and are inclined at 75º to the straight
line x  y  3(y– x)  a .
Q.20 Find the equations to the straight lines which pass through the point (h, k) and are inclined at an angle
tan–1 m to the straight line y = mx + c.
Q.21 Find the angle between the two striaght line 3x = 4y + 7 and 5y = 12x + 6 and also the equations to the
two straight lines which pass through the point (4, 5) and make equal angles with the two given lines.
( SL. LONEY - EX-7)

Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from (Q.1 to Q.4)
Q.1 The point (4, 5) upon the straight line 3x + 4y = 10.
x y
Q.2 The origin upon the straight line –  1 .
3 4
Q.3 The point (–3 , – 4) upon the straight line 12(x + 6) = 5(y – 2).
x y
Q.4 The point (b, a) upon the straight line –  1.
a b
Q.5 Find the lenght of the perpendicular from the origin upon the straight line joining the two points whose
coordinates are (a cos , a sin ) and (a cos , a sin ).
Q.6 Show that the product of the perpendiculars drawn from the two points ( a 2 – b 2 , 0) upon the straight

x y
line cos   sin   1 is b2.
a b
Q.7 If p and p' be the perpendicular from the origin upon the straight lines whose equations are
x sec  + y cosec  = a and x cos  – y sin  + a cos 2, prove that 4p 2  p '2  a 2 .
Q.8 Find the distance between the two parallel straight lines y = mx + c and y = mx + d.
x y
Q.9 What are the points on the axis of x whose perpendicular distance from the straight line  1
a b
is a ?
Q.10 Show that the perpendiculars let fall from any point of the straight line 2x + 11y = 5 upon the two straight
lines 24x + 7y = 20 and 4x – 3y = 2 are equal to each other.
Q.11 Find the perpendicular distance from the origin of the perpendicular from the point (1, 2) upon the
striaght line x – 3y  4  0.
( SL. LONEY - EX-8)

Find the coordinates of the ponits of intersection of the straight lines whose equations are (Q.1 to Q.4)
Q.1 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 and 7x + 4y = 3.
x y x y
Q.2   1 and   1.
a b b a
a a
Q.3 y  m1x  and y  m 2 x  .
m1 m2
Q.4 x cos 1  y sin 1  a and x cos 2  y sin 2  a.
Q.5 Two straight lines cut the axis of x at distances a and – a and the axis of y at distances b and b' respectively;
find the coordinates of their point of intersection.
Q.6 Find the distance of the point of intersection of the two straight lines 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y = 0
from the straight line 5x – 2y = 0.
Q.7 Show that the perpendicular from the origin upon the straight line joining the points (a cos , a sin ) and
(a cos , a sin ) bisects the distance between them.
Q.8 Find the equations of the two straight lines drawn through the point (0, a) on which the perpendiculars let
fall from the point (2a, 2a) are each of length a. Prove also that the equation of the straight line joining the
feet of these perpendiculars is y + 2x = 5a.
Q.9 Find the point of intersection and the inclination of the two lines Ax + By = A + B and A(x – y) + B(x + y)= 2B.
Q.10 Find the coordinates of the point in which the line 2y – 3x + 7 = 0 meets the line joining the two points
(6, – 2) and (– 8, 7). Find also the angle between them.
Q.11 Find the coordinates of the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the point (5, 0) upon the sides of the
triangle formed by joining the three points (4, 3), (–4, –3) and (0, –5); prove also that the points so
determind lie on a straight line.
Q.12 Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the staight lines 2x – 3y = 1 and 5y – x =3 and
determine also the angle at which they cut one another.
Q.13 Find the angle between the two lines 3x + y + 12 = 0 and x + 2y –1=0. Find also the coordinates of their
point of intersection and the equations of the lines drawn perpendicular to them from the point (3, –2).
Q.14 Prove that the points whose coordinates are respectively (5, 1), (1, – 1) and (11, 4) lie on a straight line
and find its intercepts on the axes.
Prove that the following sets of three lines meet in a point (Q.15 to Q.17)
Q.15 2x – 3y = 7, 3x – 4y = 13 and 8x – 11y = 33.
Q.16 3x + 4y + 6 = 0, 6x + 5y + 9 = 0 and 3x + 3y + 5 = 0.
x y x y
Q.17   1,   1 and y = x.
a b b a
Q.18 Prove that the three straight lines whose equations are 15x – 18y + 1 = 0, 12x + 10y – 3 = 0 and
6x + 66y – 11 = 0 all meet in a point. Show also that the third line bisects the angle between the other
two.
Q.19 Find the conditions that the striaght lines y  m1x  a1 , y  m 2 x  a 2 and y  m3 x  a 3 may met in a

point.
Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangles whose angular points are (Q.20 & Q.21)
Q.20 (0, 0), (2, – 1) and (– 1, 3).
Q.21 (1, 0), (2, – 4) and (– 5, – 2).
Q.22 In any triangle ABC, prove that :
(i) The bisectors of the angles A, B and C meet in a point,
(ii) The medians, i.e. the lines joining each vertex to the middle point of the opposite side, meet in a point,
and
(iii) The straight lines through the middle points of the sides perpendicular to the sides meet in a point.
Find the equation to the straight line passing through (Q.23 to Q.25)
Q.23 The point (3, 2) and the point of intersection of the lines 2x + 3y = 1 and 3x – 4y = 6.
Q.24 The point (2, – 9) and the intersection of the lines 2x + 5y – 8 = 0 and 3x – 4y = 35.
Q.25 The origin and the point of intersection of x – y – 4 = 0 and 7x + y + 20 = 0.
Proving that it bisects the angle between them (Q.26 & Q.31 )
x y x y
Q.26 The origin and the point of intersection of the lines   1 and   1.
a b b a
Q.27 The point (a, b) and the intersection of the same two lines.
Q.28 The intersection of the lines x – 2y – a = 0 and x + 3y – 2a = 0 and parallel to the straight line
3x + 4y = 0.
Q.29 The intersection of the lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and perpendicular to the straight line
y – x = 8.
Q.30 The intersection of the lines 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 and 5x + y – 1 = 0 and cutting off equal intercepts from the
axes.
Q.31 The intersection of the lines 2x – 3y = 10 and x + 2y = 6 and the intersection of the lines 16x – 10y = 33
and 12x + 14y + 29 = 0.
Q.32 If through the angular points of a triangle straight lines be drawn parallel to the sides, and if the intersections
of these lines be joined to the opposite angular points of the traingle, show that the joining lines so
obtained will meet in a point.
Q.33 Find the equations to the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of the straight lines
Ax + By + C = 0 and A'x + B'y + C' = 0 and
(i) passing through the origin,
(ii) parallel to the axis of y,
(iii) cutting off a given distance a from the axis of y,
and
(iv) passing through a given point (x', y').
Q.34 Prove that the diagonals of the parallelogram formed by the four straight lines 3x  y  0,
3y  x  0, 3x  y  1 and 3y  x  1 are at right angles to one another..
x y x y x y
Q.35 Prove the same property for the parallelogram whose sides are   1,   1,   2 and
a b b a a b
x y
  2.
b a
Q.36 One side of a square is inclined to the axis of x at an angle  and one of its extremities is at the origin;
prove that the equations to its diagonals are
y (cos  – sin ) = x (sin  + cos )
and y (sin  + cos ) + x (cos  – sin ) = .
Find the equations to the striaght lines bisecting the angles between the following pairs of straight lines,
placing first the bisector of the angle in which the origin lies (Q.37 to Q.41)
Q.37 x  y 3  6  2 3 and x – y 3  6 – 2 3 .
Q.38 12x + 5y – 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0.
Q.39 4x + 3y – 7 = 0 and 24x + 7y – 31 = 0.
Q.40 2x + y = 4 and y + 3x = 5.
m m '
Q.41 y–b (x– a) and y – b  (x– a).
1– m 2 1 – m '2
Find the equations to the bisectors of the internal angles of the triangles the equations of whose sides are
respectively (Q.42 & Q.43)
Q.42 3x + 4y = 6, 12x – 5y = 3 and 4x – 3y + 12 = 0.
Q.43 3x + 5y = 15, x + y = 4 and 2x + y = 6.
Q.44 Find the equations to the striahgt lines passing through the foot of the perpendicular from the point (h, k)
upon the straight line Ax + By + C = 0 and bisecting the angle between the perpendicular and the given
straight line.
Q.45 Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through the point (1, 2), so that its point of
1
intersection with the line x + y = 4 may be at a distance 6 from this point.
3
( SL. LONEY - EX-10)

Q.1 A straight line is such that the algebraic sum of the perpendiculars lef fall upon it from any number of fixed
points is zero; show that it always passes through a fixed point.
Q.2 Two fixed straight lines OX and OY are cut by a variable line in the points A and B respectively and P
and Q are the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from A and B upon the line OBY and OAX. Show that,
if AB pass through a fixed point, then PQ also pass through a fixed point.
Q.3 If the equal sides AB and AC of an isosceles triangle be produced to E and F so that BE × CF = AB2,
Show that the line EF will always pass through a fixed point.
Q.4 If a striaght line move so that the sum of the perpendiculars let fall on it from the two fixed points (3 , 4)
and (7, 2) is equal to three times the perpendicular on it from a third fixed point (1, 3), prove that there
is another fixed point through which this line always passes and find its coordinates.
Find the centre and radius of the circle which is inscribed in the triangle formed by the straight lines
whose equations are (Q.5 to Q.7)
Q.5 3x + 4y + 2 = 0, 3x – 4y + 12 = 0 and 4x – 3y = 0.
Q.6 2x + 4y + 3 = 0, 4x + 3y + 3 = 0 and x + 1 = 0.
Q.7 y = 0, 12x – 5y = 0 and 3x + 4y – 7 = 0.
Q.8 Prove that the coordinates of the centre of the circle inscribed in the triangle whose angular points are
8  10 16 – 10
(1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 1) are and . Find also the coordinates of the centres of the
6 6
escribed circles.
Q.9 Find the coordinates of the centres and the radii of the four circles which touch the sides of the triangle
the coordinates of whose angular points are the points (6, 0), (0, 6) and (7, 7) .
Q.10 Find the position of the centre of the circle circumscribing the triangle whose vertices are the points
(2, 3), (3, 4) and (6, 8).
Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight lines whose equations are (Q. 11 to Q.18)
Q.11 y = x, y = 2x and y = 3x+ 4.
Q.12 y + x = 0, y = x + 6 and y = 7x + 5.
Q.13 2y + x – 5 = 0, y + 2x – 7 = 0 and x – y + 1 = 0.
Q.14 3x – 4y + 4a = 0, 2x – 3y + 4a = 0 and 5x – y + a = 0 proving also that the feet of the perpendiculars
from the origin upon them are collinear.
Q.15 y = ax – bc, y = bx – ca and y = cx – ab.
a a a
Q.16 y  m1x  , y  m2x  and y  m3 x  .
m1 m2 m3
Q.17 y = m1x + c1, y = m2x + c2 and the axis of y.
Q.18 y = m1x + c1, y = m2x + c2 and y = m3x + c3.
Q.19 Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the three straight lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
2
 a1 b1 c1 
1 
and a3x + b2y + c3 = 0 is  a 2 b2 c2   (a1b 2 – a 2 b1 )(a 2 b3 – a 3 b 2 )(a 3 b1 – a1b3 ).
2 
 a3 b3 c3 
Q.20 Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the three straight lines
x cos  + y sin  – p1 = 0, x cos  + y sin  – p2 = 0 and x cos  + y sin  – p3 = 0 is
1 {p1sin( – )  p2sin( – )  p3sin( – )}2
.
2 sin( – )sin( – )sin( – )
Q.21 Prove that the area of the parallelogram contained by the lines 4y – 3x – a = 0, 3y – 4x + a = 0,
2 2
4y – 3x – 3a = 0 and 3y – 4x + 2a = 0 is a .
7
Q.22 Prove that the area of the parallelogram whose sides are the straight lines
(d1 – c1 )(d 2 – c 2 )
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a1x + b1y + d1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 and a2x + b2y + d2 = 0 is .
a1b 2 – a 2 b1
Q.23 The vertices of a quadrilateral, taken in order, are the points (0, 0), (4, 0), (6, 7) and (0, 3); find the
coordinates of the point of intersection of the two lines joining the middle points of opposite sides.
Q.24 The lines x + y + 1 = 0, x – y + 2 = 0, 4x + 2y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y – 4 = 0 are the equations to the sides
of a quadrilateral taken in order ; find the equations to its three diagonals and the equation to the line on
which their middle points lie.
a a
Q.25 Show that the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the three straight lines y  m1x  , y  m2x 
m1 m2
a   1 1 1 1  
and y  m3 x  is the point  –a, a     .
m3   m1 m 2 m 3 m1m 2 m3  
Q.26 A and B are two fixed points whose coordinates are (3, 2) and (5, 1) respectively; ABP is an equilateral
triangle on the side of AB remote from the origin. Find the coordinates of P and the orthcentre of the
triangle ABP.

Find what straight lines are represented by the following equations and determine the angles between them.
(Q.1 to Q.8)
Q.1 x2 – 7xy + 12y2 = 0.
Q.2 4x2 – 24xy + 11y2 = 0.
Q.3 33x2 – 71xy – 14y2 = 0.
Q.4 x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 = 0.
Q.5 y2 – 16 = 0.
Q.6 y3 – xy2 – 14x2y + 24x3 = 0.
Q.7 x2 + 2xy sec  + y2 = 0.
Q.8 x2 + 2xy cot  + y2 = 0.
Q.9 Find the equations of the straight lines bisecting the angles between the pairs of straight lines given in
examples 2, 3, 8 and 9.
Q.10 Show that the two straight lines x2(tan2+ cos2) – 2xy tan  + y2sin2 = 0 make with the axis of x angle
such that the difference of their tangents is 2.
Q.11 Prove that the two straight lines (x2+ y2) (cos2 sin2 + sin2) = (x tan  – y sin )2 include an angle 2.
Q.12 Prove that the two straight lines x2sin2 cos2 + 4xy sin sin  + y2 [4 cos  – (1 + cos )2cos2 )] = 0
meet at an angle .

Prove that the following equations represent two straight lines ; find also their point of intersection and the angle
between them (Q.1 to Q.4)
Q.1 6y2 – xy – x2 + 30y + 36 = 0.
Q.2 x2 – 5xy + 4y2 + x + 2y – 2 = 0.
Q.3 3y2 – 8xy – 3x2 – 29x + 3y – 18 = 0.
Q.4 y2 + xy – 2x2 – 5x – y – 2 = 0.
Q.5 Prove that the equation x2 + 6xy + 9y2 + 4x + 12y – 5 = 0 represents two parallel lines.
Find the value of k so that the following equations may represent pairs of straight lines (Q.6 to Q.14)
Q.6 6x2 + 11xy – 10y2 + x + 31y + k = 0.
Q.7 12x2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y + k = 0.
Q.8 12x2 + Kxy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y + 2 = 0.
Q.9 6x2 + xy + ky2 – 11x + 43y – 35 = 0.
Q.10 kxy – 8x + 9y – 12 = 0.
Q.11 x2 + 10/3xy + y2 – 5x – 7y + k = 0.
Q.12 12x2 + xy – 6y2 – 29x + 8y + k = 0.
Q.13 2x2 + xy – y2 + kx + 6y – 9 = 0.
Q.14 x2 + kxy + y2 – 5x – 7y + 6 = 0.
Q.15 Prove that the equations to the straight lines passing through the origin which make an angle  with the
straight line y + x = 0 are given by the equation x2 + 2xy sec 2 + y2 = 0.
Q.16 What relations must hold between the coordinates of the equations
(i) ax2 + by2 + cx + cy = 0 and
(ii) ay2 + bxy + dy + ex = 0
so that each of them may represent a pair of straight lines ?
Q.17 The equations to a pair of opposite sides of a parallelogram are x3 – 7x + 6 = 0 and y2 – 14y + 40 = 0;
find the equations to its diagonals.
EXERCISE–I
x y
Q.1 Line   1 intersects the x and y axes at M and N respectively. If the coordinates of the point P
6 8
lying inside the triangle OMN (where 'O' is origin) are (a, b) such that the areas of the triangle POM,
PON and PMN are equal. Find
(a) the coordinates of the point P and
(b) the radius of the circle escribed opposite to the angle N.
Q.2 Two vertices of a triangle are (4, 3) & (2, 5). If the orthocentre of the triangle is at (1, 2), find the
coordinates of the third vertex.
Q.3 The point A divides the join of P (5 , 1) & Q (3, 5) in the ratio K : 1 . Find the two values of K for
which the area of triangle ABC, where B is (1, 5) & C is (7, 2), is equal to 2 units in magnitude.
Q.4 Determine the ratio in which the point P(3 , 5) divides the join of A(1, 3) & B(7, 9). Find the harmonic
conjugate of P w.r.t. A & B.
Q.5 A line is such that its segment between the straight lines 5x  y  4 = 0 and 3x + 4y  4 = 0 is bisected
at the point (1, 5). Obtain the equation.
Q.6 A line through the point P(2, 3) meets the lines x  2y + 7 = 0 and x + 3y  3 = 0 at the points A and
B respectively. If P divides AB externally in the ratio 3 : 2 then find the equation of the line AB.
Q.7 The area of a triangle is 5. Two of its vertices are (2, 1) & (3, 2). The third vertex lies on y = x + 3.
Find the third vertex.
x y x y
Q.8 A variable line, drawn through the point of intersection of the straight lines  = 1 &  = 1,
a b b a
meets the coordinate axes in A & B. Show that the locus of the mid point of AB is the curve
2xy(a + b) = ab(x + y).
Q.9 In the xy plane, the line 'l1' passes through the point (1, 1) and the line 'l2' passes through the point
(–1, 1). If the difference of the slopes of the lines is 2. Find the locus of the point of intersection of the
lines l1 and l2.
Q.10 Two consecutive sides of a parallelogram are 4x + 5y = 0 & 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation to one diagonal
is 11x + 7y = 9, find the equation to the other diagonal.
Q.11 The line 3x + 2y = 24 meets the yaxis at A & the xaxis at B. The perpendicular bisector of AB
meets the line through (0, 1) parallel to xaxis at C. Find the area of the triangle ABC.

Q.12 If the straight line drawn through the point P ( 3 , 2) & inclined at an angle with the x-axis, meets
6
the line 3 x  4y + 8 = 0 at Q. Find the length PQ.
Q.13 Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight lines whose equations are x + 2y – 5 = 0;
2x + y – 7 = 0 and x – y + 1 = 0. Also compute the tangent of the interior angles of the triangle and hence
comment upon the nature of triangle.
Q.14 A triangle has side lengths 18, 24 and 30. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are the incentre,
circumcentre and centroid of the triangle.
Q.15 The points (1, 3) & (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of a rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line
y = 2x + c. Find c & the remaining vertices.
Q.16 A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 5x  y = 1. The area of the triangle formed by the line L & the
coordinate axes is 5. Find the equation of the line.
Q.17 The triangle ABC, right angled at C, has median AD, BE and CF. AD lies along the line y = x + 3, BE lies
along the line y = 2x + 4. If the length of the hypotenuse is 60, find the area of the triangle ABC.
Q.18 Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are given by the equations 7x  y + 3 = 0 and x + y  3 = 0 &
its third side passes through the point (1, 10). Determine the equation of the third side.
Q.19 The equations of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides AB & AC of a triangle ABC are
x  y + 5 = 0 & x + 2y = 0, respectively. If the point A is (1, 2) find the equation of the line BC.
Q.20 If (x1 – x2)2 + (y1 – y2)2 = a2
(x2 – x3)2 + (y2 – y3)2 = b2
and (x3 – x1)2 + (y3 – y1)2 = c2
2
x1 y1 1
then  x 2 y 2 1 = (a + b + c)(b + c – a)(c + a – b)(a + b – c). Find the value of .
x3 y3 1
Q.21 Given vertices A (1, 1), B (4, 2) & C (5, 5) of a triangle, find the equation of the perpendicular
dropped from C to the interior bisector of the angle A.
Q.22 Triangle ABC lies in the Cartesian plane and has an area of 70 sq. units. The coordinates of B and C are
(12, 19) and (23, 20) respectively and the coordinates of A are (p, q). The line containing the median to
the side BC has slope –5. Find the largest possible value of (p + q).
Q.23 Determine the range of values of   [0, 2 ] for which the point (cos , sin ) lies inside the triangle
formed by the lines x + y = 2 ; x  y = 1 & 6x + 2y  10 = 0.
Q.24 The points (–6, 1), (6, 10), (9, 6) and (–3, –3) are the vertices of a rectangle. If the area of the portion
of this rectangle that lies above the x axis is a b , find the value of (a + b), given a and b are coprime.
Q.25 Let ABC be a triangle such that the coordinates of A are (– 3, 1). Equation of the median through B is
2x + y – 3 = 0 and equation of the angular bisector of C is 7x – 4y – 1 = 0. Then match the entries of
column-I with their corresponding correct entries of column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Equation of the line AB is (P) 2x + y – 3 = 0
(B) Equation of the line BC is (Q) 2x – 3y + 9 = 0
(C) Equation of CA is (R) 4x + 7y + 5 = 0
(S) 18x – y – 49 = 0
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 Consider a triangle ABC with sides AB and AC having the equations L1 = 0 and L2 = 0. Let the centroid,
orthocentre and circumcentre of the  ABC are G, H and S respectively. L = 0 denotes the equation of
side BC.
(a) If L1 : 2x – y = 0 and L2 : x + y = 3 and G (2, 3) then find the slope of the line L = 0.
(b) If L1 : 2x + y = 0 and L2 : x – y + 2 = 0 and H (2, 3) then find the y-intercept of L = 0.
(c) If L1 : x + y – 1 = 0 and L2 : 2x – y + 4 = 0 and S(2, 1) then find the x-intercept of the line L = 0.
Q.2 The equations of perpendiculars of the sides AB & AC of triangle ABC are x  y  4 = 0 and
2x  y  5 = 0 respectively. If the vertex A is ( 2, 3) and point of intersection of perpendiculars
3 5
bisectors is  ,  , find the equation of medians to the sides AB & AC respectively..
2 2
Q.3 The interior angle bisector of angle A for the triangle ABC whose coordinates of the vertices are
A(–8, 5); B(–15, –19) and C(1, – 7) has the equation ax + 2y + c = 0. Find 'a' and 'c'.
Q.4 Find the equation of the straight lines passing through (2, 7) & having an intercept of length
3 between the straight lines 4x + 3y = 12, 4x + 3y = 3.
Q.5 Two sides of a rhombous ABCD are parallel to the lines y = x + 2 & y = 7x + 3. If the diagonals of the
rhombous intersect at the point (1, 2) & the vertex A is on the y-axis, find the possible coordinates of A.
Q.6 A triangle is formed by the lines whose equations are AB : x + y – 5 = 0, BC : x + 7y – 7 = 0 and
CA : 7x + y + 14 = 0. Find the bisector of the interior angle at B and the exterior angle at C. Determine
the nature of the interior angle at A and find the equaion of the bisector.
Q.7 A point P is such that its perpendicular distance from the line y  2x + 1 = 0 is equal to its distance from
the origin. Find the equation of the locus of the point P. Prove that the line y = 2x meets the locus in two
points Q & R, such that the origin is the mid point of QR.
Q.8 Find the equations of the sides of a triangle having (4, 1) as a vertex, if the lines x – 1 = 0 and
x – y 1 = 0 are the equations of two internal bisectors of its angles.
Q.9 P is the point (1, 2), a variable line through P cuts the x & y axes at A & B respectively Q is the
point on AB such that PA, PQ, PB are H.P. Show that the locus of Q is the line y = 2x.
Q.10 The equations of the altitudes AD, BE, CF of a triangle ABC are x + y = 0, x  4y = 0 and 2x  y =0
respectively. The coordinates of A are (t , t). Find coordinates of B & C. Prove that if t varies the locus
of the centroid of the triangle ABC is x + 5y = 0.
Q.11 The distance of a point (x1, y1) from each of two straight lines which passes through the origin of
co-ordinates is ; find the combined equation of these straight lines.
Q.12 Consider a  ABC whose sides AB, BC and CA are represented by the straight lines
2x + y = 0, x + py = q and x – y = 3 respectively. The point P is (2, 3).
(a) If P is the centroid, then find the value of (p + q).
(b) If P is the orthocentre, then find the value of (p + q).
(c) If P is the circumcentre, then find the value of (p + q).
Q.13 Consider a line pair 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 – 10x + 15y – 28 = 0 and another line L passing through origin with
gradient 3. The line pair and line L form a triangle whose vertices are A, B and C.
(a) Find the sum of the contangents of the interior angles of the triangle ABC.
(b) Find the area of triangle ABC
(c) Find the radius of the circle touching all the 3 sides of the triangle.
Q.14 Show that all the chords of the curve 3x2  y2  2x + 4y = 0 which subtend a right angle at the origin
are concurrent. Does this result also hold for the curve, 3x² + 3y²  2x + 4y = 0? If yes, what is
the point of concurrency & if not, give reasons.
Q.15 A straight line is drawn from the point (1, 0) to the curve x2 + y2 + 6x  10y + 1 = 0, such that the
intercept made on it by the curve subtends a right angle at the origin. Find the equations of the line.
Q.16 The two line pairs y2 – 4y + 3 = 0 and x2 + 4xy + 4y2 – 5x – 10y + 4 = 0 enclose a 4 sided convex
polygon find (i) area of the polygon; (ii) length of its diagonals.
Q.17 Find the equation of the two straight lines which together with those given by the equation
6x2  xy  y2 + x + 12y  35 = 0 will make a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect in the origin.
EXERCISE–III
Q. 1 Let PQR be a right angled isosceles triangle, right angled at P(2, 1). If the equation of the line QR is
2x + y = 3, then the equation representing the pair of lines PQ and PR is [JEE '99]
2 2
(A) 3x – 3y + 8xy + 20x + 10y + 25 = 0
(B) 3x2 – 3y2 + 8xy – 20x – 10y + 25 = 0
(C) 3x2 – 3y2 + 8xy + 10x + 15y + 20 = 0
(D) 3x2 – 3y2 – 8xy – 10x – 15y – 20 = 0
Q. 2 The equation of two equal sides AB and AC of an isosceles triangle ABC are x + y = 5 & 7x – y = 3
respectively. Find the equation of the sides BC if the area of the triangle of ABC is 5 units.
[JEE '99]
Q.3(a) The incentre of the triangle with vertices (1, 3 ) , (0, 0) and (2, 0) is :
 3 2 1  2 3  1 
(A)  1 ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  1 , 
 2  3 3 3 2   3
(b) Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices, P (2, 2) , Q (6, - 1) and R (7, 3) . The equation of the
line passing through (1,  1) and parallel to PS is
(A) 2 x  9 y  7 = 0 (B) 2 x  9 y  11 = 0
(C) 2 x + 9 y  11 = 0 (D) 2 x + 9 y + 7 = 0 [JEE 2000 (Scr.)1+1out of 35]
(c) For points P = (x1, y1) and Q = (x2, y2) of the co-ordinate plane, a new distance d(P, Q) is defined by
d (P, Q) = x1  x2 + y1  y2 . Let O = (0, 0) and A = (3, 2). Prove that the set of points in the first
quadrant which are equidistant (with respect to the new distance) from O and A consists of the union of
a line segment of finite length and an infinite ray. Sketch this set in a labelled diagram.
[JEE 2000 (Mains) 10 out of 100]
Q.4 Find the position of point (4, 1) after it undergoes the following transformations successively.
(i) Reflection about the line, y = x  1
(ii) Translation by one unit along x  axis in the positive direction .
(iii) Rotation through an angle /4 about the origin in the anticlockwise direction.
[ REE 2000 (Mains) 3 out of 100 ]
Q.5(a) Area of the parallelogram formed by the lines y = mx, y = mx + 1, y = nx and y = nx + 1 equals
m n 2 1 1
(A) (B) (C) m n (D) mn
( m  n) 2 m n
(b) The number of integer values of m, for which the x co-ordinate of the point of intersection of the lines
3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer, is
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 1
[ JEE 2001 (Screening)]
Q.6(a) Let P = (–1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and R = (3, 3 3 ) be three points. Then the equation of the bisector of the
angle PQR is
3 3
(A) x + y = 0 (B) x + 3 y = 0 (C) 3 x + y = 0 (D) x + y = 0
2 2
(b) A straight line through the origin O meets the parallel lines 4x + 2y = 9 and 2x + y + 6 = 0 at points P and
Q respectively. Then the point O divides the segment PQ in the ratio
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 3 : 4 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 4 : 3
(c) The area bounded by the curves y = |x| – 1 and y = –|x| + 1 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 2 (D) 4
[JEE 2002 (Screening)]
(d) A straight line L through the origin meets the line x+ y = 1 and x + y = 3 at P and Q respectively. Through
P and Q two straight lines L1 and L2 are drawn, parallel to 2x – y = 5 and 3x + y = 5 respectively. Lines
L1 and L2 intersect at R. Show that the locus of R, as L varies, is a straight line. [JEE 2002 (Mains)]
(e) A straight line L with negative slope passes through the point (8,2) and cuts the positive coordinates axes
at points P and Q. Find the absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, as L varies, where O is the origin.
[ JEE 2002 Mains, 5 out of 60]
Q.7 The area bounded by the angle bisectors of the lines x2 – y2 + 2y = 1 and the line x + y = 3, is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]
Q.8 The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through P (h, k)
with the lines y = x and x + y = 2 is 4h2. Find the locus of the point P. [JEE 2005, Mains, 2]
Q.9(a) Let O(0, 0), P (3, 4), Q(6, 0) be the vertices of the triangle OPQ. The point R inside the triangle OPQ
is such that the triangles OPR, PQR, OQR are of equal area. The coordinates of R are
(A) 4 3 , 3 (B) 3, 2 3 (C) 3, 4 3 (D) 4 3 , 2 3
(b) Lines L1 : y – x = 0 and L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the line L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. The
bisector of the acute angle between L1 and L2 intersects L3 at R.
Statement-1: The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5
because
Statement-2: In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides the triangle into two similar triangles.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. [JEE 2007, 3+3]
Q.10 Consider the lines given by
L1 = x + 3y – 5 = 0
L2 = 3x – ky – 1 = 0
L3 = 5x + 2y – 12 = 0
Match the statements / Expression in Column-I with the statements / Expressions in Column-II and
indicate your answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in OMR.
Column-I Column-II
(A) L1, L2, L3 are concurrent, if (P) k = – 9
6
(B) One of L1, L2, L3 is parallel to at least one of the other two, if (Q) k = –
5
5
(C) L1, L2, L3 form a triangle, if (R) k =
6
(D) L1, L2, L3 do not form a triangle, if (S) k = 5
[JEE 2008, 6]
Q. 11 The locus of the orthocenter of t he triangle formed by the lines [IIT 2009]
(1 + p)x – py + p(1 + p) = 0, (1 + q)x – qy + q(1 + q) = 0, and y = 0, where p  q is,
(A) a hyperbola (B) a parabola (C) an ellipse (D) a straight line
Q. 12 A straight line L through the point (3, –2) is inclined at an angle 60° to the line 3 x + y = 1. If L is also
intersects the x-axis, then the equation of L is [IIT 2011]
(A) y + 3 x + 2 – 3 3 = 0 (B) y – 3 x + 2 + 3 3 = 0
(C) 3 y – x + 3 + 2 3 = 0 (D) 3 y + x – 3 + 2 3 = 0
Q. 13 The x-coordinates of the incentre of the triangle that has the coordinates of mid points of its sides as
(0, 1) (1, 1) and (1, 0) is [IIT JEE Main 2013]
(A) 1 – 2 (B) 2 + 2 (C) 2 – 2 (D) 1 + 2
Q. 14 A ray of light along x + 3 y = 3 gets reflected upon reaching x-axis, the equation of the reflected ray

is [IIT JEE Main 2013]
(A) 3 y = x – 1 (B) y = x + 3 (C) 3 y = x – 3 (D) y = 3 x – 3
Q. 15 for a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and the point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and
bx + ay + c = 0 is less then 2 2 . Then [IIT JEE Adv. 2013]
(A) a + b – c > 0 (B) a – b + c < 0 (C) a – b + c > 0 (D) a + b – c < 0
Q. 16 Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R(7, 3). The equation of the line
passing through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is [IIT JEE Main 2014]
(A) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0 (B) 4x – 7y – 11 = 0
(C) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 (D) 4x + 7y + 3 = 0
Q. 17 For a point P in the plane, let d1(P) and d2(P) be the distances of the point P from the lines x – y = 0 and
x + y = 0 respectively. The area of the region R consisting of all points P lying in the first quadrant of the
plane and satisfying 2  d1(P) + d2(P)  4, is [IIT JEE Adv. 2014]
Q. 18 The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0, at (1, 1) :
(A) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant [IIT JEE Main 2015]
(B) does not meet the curve again
(C) meets the curve again in the second quadrant
(D) meets the curve again in the third quadrant
Q. 19 The number of points, having both co-ordinates as integers, that lie in the interior of the triangle with
vertices (0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0) is : [IIT JEE Main 2015]
(A) 780 (B) 901 (C) 861 (D) 820
Q. 20 Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, x – y + 1 = 0 and 7x – y – 5 = 0. If its diagonals intersect at
(–1, –2), then which one of the following is a vertex of this rhombus ? [IIT JEE Main 2016]
1 8  10 7 
(A) (–3, –9) (B) (–3, –8) (C)  ,   (D)   ,  
3 3  3 3
Q. 21 Let k be an integer such that the triangle with vertices (k, – 3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units.
Then the orthocenter of these triangle is at the point : [JEE Main 2017]
 1  3  3  1
(A)  2,  (B) 1,  (C) 1,   (D)  2,  
 2  4  4  2
Q. 22 Let the orthocentre and centroid of a triangle be A(–3, 5) and B(3, 3) respectively. If C is the circumcentre
of this traingle, then the radius of the circle having line segment AC as diameter, is : [JEE Main 2018]
3 5 5
(A) (B) 10 (C) 2 10 (D) 3
2 2
Q. 23 A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3) intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q.
If O is the origin and the rectangle OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R is : [JEE Main 2018]
(A) 3x + 2y = 6xy (B) 3x + 2y = 6 (C) 2x + 3y = xy (D) 3x + 2y = xy
Q.24 The region represented by |x – y|  2 and |x+ y|  2 is bounded by a : [JEE Main 2019]

(A) square of side length 2 2 units (B) rhombus of side length 2 units
(C) square of area 16 sq. units (D) rhombus of area 8 2 sq. units
Q.25 If the two lines x + (a – 1) y = 1 and 2x + a2y = 1 (a  R – {0, 1}) are perpendicular, then the distance
of their point of intersection from the origin is : [JEE Main 2019]
2 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5
Q.26 Suppose that the points (h, k), (1, 2) and (–3, 4) lie on the line L1. If a line L2 passing through the points
k
(h, k) and (4, 3) is perpendicular to L1, then equals : [JEE Main 2019]
h
1 1
(A) 3 (B)  (C) (D) 0
7 3
Q.27 Let O(0, 0) and A(0, 1) be two fixed points. Then the locus of a point P such that the perimeter of AOP
is 4, is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 8x2 – 9y2 + 9y = 18 (B) 9x2 + 8y2 – 8y = 16
(C) 8x2 + 9y2 – 9y = 18 (D) 9x2 – 8y2 + 8y = 16
Q.28 A point on the straight line, 3x + 5y = 15 which is equidistant from the coordinate axes will lie only in :
(A) 1st and 2nd quadrants (B) 4th quadrant [JEE Main 2019]
st nd th st
(C) 1 , 2 and 4 quadrants (D) 1 quadrant
Q.29 If a straight line passing through the point P (–3, 4) is such that its intercepted portion between the
corrdinate axes is bisected at P, then its equation is:
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) 3x – 4y + 25 = 0 (B) 4x – 3y + 24 = 0
(C) x – y + 7 = 0 (D) 4x + 3y = 0
Q.30 If the straight line, 2x  3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the line passing through the points (7, 17) and
(15, ), then  equals : [JEE Main 2019]
35 35
(A) (B)  5 (C)  (D) 5
3 3
Q.31 If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A, B and C are respectively (1, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 5), then
the equation of the diagonal AD is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 5x – 3y + 1 = 0 (B) 5x + 3y – 11 = 0
(C) 3x – 5y + 7 = 0 (D) 3x + 5y – 13 = 0
Q.32 A point P moves on the line 2x – 3y + 4 = 0. If Q (1, 4) and R (3,– 2) are fixed points, then the locus of
the centroid of PQR is line: [JEE Main 2019]
3 2
(A) with slope (B) parallel to x axis (C) with slope (D) parallel to y - axis
2 3
Q.33 If the line 3x + 4y – 24 = 0 intersects the x - axis at the point A and the y-axis at the point B, then the
incentre of the triangle OAB, where O is the origin, is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) (3, 4) (B) (2, 2) (C) (4, 4) (D) (4, 3)
Q.34 Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its orthocentre is at the origin, then its third vertex lies
in which quadrant? [JEE Main 2019]
(A) Fourth (B) Second (C) Third (D) First
Q.35 Two sides of a parallelogram are along the lines, x + y = 3 and x – y + 3 = 0. If its diagonals intersect at
(2,4), then one of its vertex is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) (2, 6) (B) (2, 1) (C) (3, 5) (D) (3, 6)
Q.36 If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and intersecting the coordinate axes at A and B, then
the locus of the foot of perpendicular from O on AB is: [JEE Main 2019]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(A) (x +y ) = 4Rx y (B) (x +y ) (x+y) = R xy
(C) (x2 +y2)3 = 4R2x2y2 (D) (x2 +y2)2 = 4R2x2y2
Q.37 Slope of a line passing through P(2, 3) and intersecting the line , x + y = 7 at a distance of 4 units from
P, is [JEE Main 2019]
5 1 1 5 1 7 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 1 1 5 1 7 7 1
Q.38 A straight line L at a distance of 4 units from the origin makes positive intercepts on the coordinate axes
and the perpendicular from the origin to this line makes an angle of 60° with the line x + y = 0. Then an
equation of the line L is [JEE Main 2019]
(A)  3  1 x   3  1 y  8 2 (B)  3  1 x   3  1 y  8 2
(C) 3x  y  8 (D) x  3y  8
Q.39 Consider the set of all lines px + qy + r = 0 such that 3p + 2q + 4r = 0. Which one of the following
statement is true ? [JEE-MAIN 2019]
3 1
(A) The lines are concurrent at the point  ,  (B) Each line passes through the origin
4 2
(C) The lines are all parallel (D) The lines are not concurrent
Q.40 Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be 3x – 2y + 6 = 0 and 4x + 5y – 20 = 0. If the orthocentre
of this triangle is at (1, 1) then the equation of its third side is :- [JEE-MAIN 2019]
(A) 122 y – 26 x – 1675 = 0 (B) 26 x + 61 y + 1675 = 0
(C) 122 y + 26 x + 1675 = 0 (D) 26 x – 122 y – 1675 = 0
3
Q.41 Lines are drawn parallel to the line 4x – 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance from the origin. Then which one of
5
the following points lies on any of these lines? [JEE-MAIN 2019]
1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
(A)   ,  (B)  ,  (C)   ,   (D)  ,  
 4 3  4 3  4 3  4 3
3 
Q.42 Let A(1, 0), B(6, 2) and C  , 6  be the vertices of a triangle ABC. If P is a point inside the triangle
2 
ABC such that the triangles APC, APB and BPC have equal areas, then the length of the line segment
 7 1
PQ, where Q is the point   ,   , is ______ . [JEE-MAIN 2020]
 6 3
Q.43 The locus of the mid-points of the perpendiculars drawn from points on the line, x = 2y to the line x = y
is : [JEE-MAIN 2020]
(A) 2x – 3y = 0 (B) 3x – 2y = 0 (C) 5x – 7y = 0 (D) 7x – 5y = 0
Q.44 Let C be the centroid of the triangle with vertices (3, –1), (1, 3) and (2, 4). Let P be the point of
intersection of the lines x + 3y–1 = 0 and 3x – y + 1 = 0. Then the line passing through the points C and
P also passes through the point : [JEE-MAIN 2020]
(A) (–9, –7) (B) (–9, –6) (C) (7, 6) (D) (9, 7)
Q.45 If a ABC has vertices A(–1,7), B(–7,1) and C(5,–5), then its orthocentre has coordinates:
[JEE-MAIN 2020]
 3 3 3 3
(A) (–3,3) (B)   ,  (C)  ,   (D) (3,–3)
 5 5 5 5
Q.46 A triangle ABC lying in the first quadrant has two vertices as A(1,2) and B(3,1) If BAC = 90° , and
ar(ABC) = 5 5 units, then the abscissa of the vertex C is : [JEE-MAIN 2020]
(A) 1  5 (B) 1  2 5 (C) 2 5  1 (D) 2  5
Q.47 If the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points P(1 ,4) and Q(k, 3) has y-intercept
equal to –4, then a value of k is: [JEE-MAIN 2020]
(A) –2 (B) 15 (C) 14 (D) –4
1 2
Q.48 If the line, 2x – y + 3 = 0 is at a distance and from the lines 4x – 2y +  = 0 and
5 5
6x – 3y + = 0, respectively, then the sum of all possible values of  and  is [JEE-MAIN 2020]
Q.49 A ray of light coming from the point (2, 2 3 ) is incident at an angle 30º on the line x = 1 at the point A.

The ray gets reflected on the line x = 1 and meets x-axis at the point B. Then, the line AB passes through
the point: [JEE-MAIN 2020]
 1   3
(A) (4, – 3 ) (B)  3, –  (C) (3, – 3 ) (D)  4, – 2 
 3  
Q.50 The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0 at the
point (2, 2) is : [JEE-MAIN 2020]
(A) 2 (B) 2 2 (C) 4 2 (D) 2
Q.51 Let L denote the line in the xy-plane with x and y intercepts as 3 and 1 respectively. Then the image of the
point (–1, –4) in this line is: [JEE-MAIN 2020]
 11 28   8 29   29 11   29 8 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
5 5  5 5   5 5  5 5
ANSWER SHEET
ELEMENTARY EXERCISES
( SL. LONEY - EX-1)

Q.1 5 Q.2 13 Q.3 3 7 Q.4 a 2  b2
Q.5 a 2  2b 2  c2 – 2ab – 2bc
 –
Q.6 2a sin Q.7 a(m1 – m 2 ) (m1  m 2 ) 2  4 Q.9 3  2 15
2
 10 33   4
Q.15  ,  Q.16 (– 2, – 9) Q.17 1, –  ; (– 11, 16)
 7 7   5
 11 5   1 1  1   5 
Q.18  –5 , 2  ;  –20 ,34  Q.19  – , 0  ;  – , 2 
 12 12   2 2  3   3 
5 9 9 5
Q.20  – ,  ; 1,1 ;  , – 
 2 2 2 2
 a 2  b 2 a 2  2ab – b 2   a 2 – 2 a b – b 2 a 2  b 2 
Q.21  , ;  ,
 ab ab   
a–b a–b 
Q.22  kx1  x 2  mx 3 , ky1  y 2  my3 

 km km 
( SL. LONEY - EX-2)

Q.1 10 Q.2 11 Q.3 29 Q.4 2ac
 2 – 3  –  –
Q.5 a2 Q.6 2ab sin sin 3 1 sin 1 2
2 2 2
1 2
Q.7 a 2 (m 2 – m 3 )(m 3 – m1 )(m1 – m 2 ) Q.8 a (m 2 – m 3 )(m 3 – m1 )(m1 – m 2 )
2
1 2 1
Q.9 a (m 2 – m3 )(m 3 – m1 )(m1 – m 2 )  m1 m 2 m 3 Q.13 20
2 2
Q.14 96
( SL. LONEY - EX-4)

Q.8 2ax + k2 = 0 Q.9 (n 2 –1)(x 2  y 2  a 2 )  2 ax(n 2  1)  0
Q.10 4x 2 (c2 – 4 a 2 )  4 c2 y 2  c 2 (c 2 – 4 a 2 ) Q.11 (6a – 2c) x  a 2 – c 2
Q.12 y2 – 4y – 2x + 5 = 0 Q.13 4y + 2x + 3 = 0
Q.14 x + y = 7 Q.15 y = x Q.16 y = 3x
Q.17 15x 2 – y 2  2ax  a 2 Q.18 x 2  y 2  3 Q.19 x 2  y 2  4y
Q.20 8x 2  8y 2  6x – 36x  27  0
( SL. LONEY - EX-5)
Q.1 y = x + 1 Q.2 x – y – 5 = 0 Q.3 x – y 3 – 2 3  0
Q.4 5y – 3x + 9 = 0 Q.5 2x+ 3y = 6 Q.6 6x – 5y + 30 = 0

Q.7 (i) x + y = 11 ; (ii) y – x = 1 Q.8 x + y + 1 = 0 ; x – y = 3
Q.9 xy' + x'y = 2x'y' Q.10 20y – 9x = 96 Q.15 x + y = 0
Q.16 y – x = 1 Q.17 7y + 10x = 11 Q.18 ax – by = ab
Q.19 (a– 2b) x – by + b2 + 2ab – a2 = 0 Q.20 y(t1  t 2 ) – 2 x  2 at1 t 2
1  1
Q.21 t1t 2 y  x  a(t1  t 2 ) Q.22 x cos (1  2 )  y sin (1  2 )  a cos (1  2 )
2 2 2
x 1  2 y    –
Q.23 cos  sin 1 2  cos 1 2
a 2 b 2 2
1 1 1
Q.24 bx cos (1 – 2 ) – ay sin (1  2 )  ab cos (1  2 )
2 2 2
Q.25 x + 3y + 7 = 0 ; y – 3x = 1 ; y + 7x = 11
Q.26 2x – 3y = 4 ; y – 3x = 1 ; x + 2y = 2
Q.27 y(a' – a) – x(b' – b) = a'b – ab' ; y(a' – a) + x(b' – b) = a'b' – ab
Q.28 2ay – 2b'x = ab – a'b' Q.29 y = 6x ; 2y = 3x
( SL. LONEY - EX-6)
–1 23 –1 4
Q.1 90° Q.2 tan Q.3 tan Q.4 60°
10 3
4m 2 n 2
–1 a 2 – b2
–1
Q.5 tan Q.6 tan Q.7 tan– 1(2)
m4 – n 4 2ab
Q.8 4y + 3x = 18 Q.9 7y – 8x = 118 Q.10 4y + 11x = 10 Q.11 x + 4y + 16 = 0
Q.12 ax + by = a2 Q.13 2x (a – a') + 2y (b –b') = a2 – a'2 + b2 – b'2
Q.15 yx' – xy' = 0 ; a2xy' – b2x'y = (a2 – b2) x'y' ; xx' – yy' = x'2 – y'2
1
Q.16 121y – 88x = 371; 33y – 24x = 1043 Q.17 x = 3 ; y = 4 ; 4
2
Q.19 x = 0 ; y  3x  0 Q.20 y = k ; (1 – m2) (y – k) = 2m (x – h)
–1 23
Q.21 tan ; 9x – 7y  1 ; 7x  9y  73
56
( SL. LONEY - EX-7)

2 2 1 a 2  ab – b 2
Q.1 4 Q.2 2 Q.3 5 Q.4
5 5 13 a 2  b2
1 c–d a 
Q.5 a cos ( – )
2
Q.8
1  m2 b
2 2
Q.9  b  a  b , 0 


1
Q.11 (2  3)
2
( SL. LONEY - EX-8)
 –11 41   ab ab   a  1 1  
Q.1  ,  Q.2  ,  Q.3  m m , a  m  m  
 29 29  ab ab  1 2  1 2 
 1 1 1 1 
Q.4 a cos  1  2  sec  1 – 2  , a sin  1  2  sec  1 – 2  
 2 2 2 2 
 a(b – b') 2bb '  130

Q.5  ,  Q.6 Q.8 y = a ; 3y = 4x + 3a
 b  b' b  b'  17 29
5 1
Q.9 (1, 1) ; 45° Q.10  ,  ; tan –1 60
2 4
Q.11 (– 1, – 3) ; (3, 1) ; (5, 3)
–1 7
Q.12 (2, 1) ; tan Q.13 45° ; (– 5, 3) ; x – 3y = 9 ; 2x – y = 8
17
3
Q.14 3 and – Q.19 m1 (a 2 – a 3 )  m 2 (a 3 – a1 )  m 3 (a1 – a 2 )  0
2
 11 7 
Q.20 (–4, – 3) Q.21  , – 
 13 13 
Q.23 43x – 29y = 71 Q.24. x – y = 11
Q.25. y = 3x Q.26. y = x Q.27 a 2 y – b 2 x  ab (a – b)
Q.28 3x + 4y = 5a Q.29 x + y + 2 = 0 Q.30 23x + 23y = 11

Q.31 13x – 23y = 64
Q.33 Ax + By + C + + (A'x + B'y + C') = 0 where  is
C B Ba  C Ax ' By ' C
(i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv) –
C' B' B 'a  C' A ' x ' B'y' C '
Q.37 y = 2 ; x = 6 Q.38 99x + 77y + 71 = 0 ; 7x – 9y – 37 = 0
Q.39 x – 2y + 1 = 0; 2x + y = 3

Q.40 x 2 2 – 3  y    
2 –1  4 2 – 5 ; x 2 2  3  y   
2 1  4 2  5
Q.41 (y – b) (m + m') + (x – a) (1 – mm') = 0 ; (y – b) (1 – mm') – (x – a ) (m + m') = 0
Q.42 33x + 9y = 31 ; 112x – 64y – 64y + 141 = 0 ; 7y – x = 18
Q.43 x(3  17 )  y(5  17 )  15  4 17 ; x(4  10)  y(2  10)  4 10  12 ;
x(2 34 – 3 5)  y( 34 – 5 5)  6 34 – 5 5
Q.44 A (y – k) – B (x – h) = ± (Ax + By + C)
Q.45 At an angle of 15° or 75° to the axis of x.
Q.4 (–7, 3) Q.5  – 13 , 35  ; 157

 28 28  140
 –85  7 5 7 5 – 27  35 – 7 5
Q.6  ,  ;
 120 24 120
 
 7 14  14      8 – 10 16  10 
Q.7  , ; Q.8  6  10 , 2  10  ;  6 – 10 , 2 – 10  ;  , 
 9 27  27  2 2   2 2   6 6 
9 9 3
Q.9  ,  , (2, 12), (12, 2) and (–3 , – 3); 2, 4 2, 4 2 and 6 2 .
 2 2  2
 1 1 25 3
Q.10  –13 ,19  Q.11 4 Q.12 7 Q.13
 2 2 48 2
17a 2 1
Q.14 Q.15 (b – c)(c – a)(a – b)
26 2
1 2
Q.16 a 2 (m 2 – m 3 )(m 3 – m1 )(m1 – m 2 )  2 m12 m 22 m 32 Q.17 (c1 – c 2 )  (m1 – m 2 )
2
1  (c2 – c3 ) 2 (c3 – c1 )2 (c1 – c 2 ) 2  5 5

Q.18     Q.23  , 
2  m 2 – m3 m3 – m1 m1 – m 2  2 2
Q.24 10y + 32x + 43 = 0 ; 25x + 29y + 5 = 0 ; y = 5x + 2 ; 52x + 80y = 47
 1 3   1 3 1 
Q.26  4  3,  3  ;  4  3,  3
 2 2   6 2 3 
1 4
Q.1 (x – 3y) (x – 4y) = 0 ; tan –1 Q.2 (2 x–11y)(2 x– y)  0 ; tan –1
13 3
83
Q.3 (11x  2y)(3 x– 7 y)  0 ; tan –1 Q.4 x = 1; x = 2 ; x = 3.
19
 6 1
Q.5 y = ± 4 Q.6 (y  4x)(y – 2x) (y– 3x)  0 ; tan –1  –  ; tan –1  
 7 7
Q.7 x(1– sin )  y cos   0; x(1  sin )  y cos   0; 
Q.8 y sin   x cos    x cos2 ; tan –1 (cosec  cos 2 )
Q.9 12x2 – 7xy – 12y2 = 0 ; 71x2 + 94xy – 71y2 = 0 ; x2 – y2 = 0 ; x2 – y2 = 0.
 6 12  3
Q.3  – 3 , – 5  ; 90
–1
Q.1  , –  ; 45 Q.2 (2,1) ; tan
5 5 5  2 2
1
Q.4 (–1, 1 ) ; tan– 1 3 Q.6 – 15 Q.7 2 Q.8 – 10 or –17
2
Q.9 – 12 Q.10 6 Q.11 6 Q.12 14
5 10
Q.13 – 3 Q.14 or
2 3
Q.16 (i) c (a + b) = 0 ; (ii) e = 0, or ae = bd
Q.17 5y + 6x = 56 ; 5y – 6x = 14
STRAIGHT LINE
EXERCISE–I
 8 31
Q.1 (a)  2,  ; (b) 4 Q.2 (33, 26) Q.3 K = 7 or
 3 9
Q.4 1 : 2 ; Q (5, 3) Q.5 83x  35y + 92 = 0 Q.6 2x + y 1 = 0
 7 13   3 3
Q.7  ,  or   ,  Q.9 y = x2 and y = 2 – x2 Q.10 x  y = 0 Q.11 91 sq.units
 2 2   2 2
3  3
Q.12 6 units Q.13 sq. units,  3, 3,  , isosceles
2  4
Q.14 3 units Q.15 c =  4; B(2 , 0); D(4 , 4)

Q.16 x + 5y + 5 2 = 0 or x + 5y  5 2 = 0 Q.17 400 sq. units
Q.18 x  3y  31 = 0 or 3x + y + 7 = 0
Q.19 14x + 23y = 40 Q.20 4 Q.21 x  5 = 0 Q.22 47
5
Q.23 0 <  <  tan1 3 Q.24 533 Q.25 (A) R; (B) S ; (C) Q
6
EXERCISE–II
3
Q.1 (a) 5 ; (b) 2 ; (c) Q.2 x + 4y = 4 ; 5x + 2y = 8 Q.3 a = 11 , c = 78
2
5
Q.4 7x + 24y + 182 = 0 or x =  2 Q.5 (0 , 0) or  0 , 
 2
Q.6 3x + 6y – 16 = 0 ; 8x + 8y + 7 = 0 ; 12x + 6y – 11 = 0 Q.7 x² + 4y² + 4xy + 4x  2y  1 = 0
Q.8 2x  y + 3 = 0, 2x  y  7 = 0, x  2y  6 = 0
2t t   t 
Q.10 B   ,   , C  , t  Q.11 (y12 2) x2  2 x1y1 xy + (x12 2) y2 = 0
 3 6 2 
50 63 3
Q.12 (a) 74 ; (b) 50; (c) 47 Q.13 (a)
7 10 10

; (b) ; (c) 8 5  5 10 
1 2
Q.14 (1, 2) , yes  ,  Q.15 x + y = 1 ; x + 9y = 1
3 3
Q.16 (i) area = 6 sq. units, (ii) diagonals are 5 & 53

Q.17 6x²  xy  y²  x  12y  35 = 0
EXERCISE–III
Q. 1 B
Q. 2 x – 3y + 21 = 0, x – 3y + 1 = 0, 3x + y = 12, 3x + y = 2
Q.3 (a) D; (b) D 

Q.4 (4, 1)  (2, 3)  (3, 3)  0 , 3 2 
Q.5 (a) D; (b) A Q.6 (a) C; (b) B; (c) B; (d) x – 3y + 5 = 0; (e) 18
Q.7 A Q.8 y = 2x + 1, y = – 2x + 1
Q.9 (a) C; (b) C Q.10 (A) S; (B) P,Q; (C) R ; (D) P,Q,S
Q. 11 D Q. 12 B Q. 13 C Q. 14 C Q. 15 (A/C or A, C)
Q. 16 C Q. 17 6 Q. 18 A Q. 19 A Q. 20 C Q.21 A Q. 22 D
Q. 23 D Q.24 A Q.25 D Q.26 C Q.27 B Q.28 A Q.29 B
Q.30 D Q.31 A Q.32 C Q.33 B Q.34 B Q.35 D Q.36 C
Q.37 C Q.38 B Q.39 A Q.40 D Q.41 A Q.42 5 Q.43 C
Q.44 B Q.45 A Q.46 B Q.47 D Q.48 30 Q.49 C Q.50 B
Q.51 A
QUESTION BANK
Q.1 The straight line, ax + by = 1 makes with the curve px2 + 2a xy + qy2 = r a chord which subtends a right
angle at the origin. Then,
(A) r(a2 + b2) = p + q (B) r(a2 + p2) = q + b
2 2
(C) r(b + q ) = p + a (D) none
Q.2 One side of a square is inclined at an acute angle  with the position x-axis, and one of its extremities is
at the origin. If the remaining three vertices of the squre lie above the x-axis and the side of a square is 4,
then the equation of the diagonal of the square which is not passing through the origin is
(A) (cos  + sin )x + (cos  – sin )y = 4 (B) (cos  + sin )x – (cos  – sin )y = 4
(C) (cos  – sin )x + (cos  + sin )y = 4 (D) (cos  – sin )x – (cos  + sin )y = 4 cos 2
Q.3 On the portion of the straight line, x + 2y = 4 intercepted between the axes, a square is constructed on
the side of the line away from the origin. Then the point of intersection of its diagonals has co-ordinates
(A) (2, 3) (B) (3, 2) (C) (3, 3) (D) (2, 2)
Q.4 Given that family of lines, a(2x + y + 4) + b(x – 2y – 3) = 0. Among the lines of the family, the number of
lines situated at a distance of 10 from the point M(2, –3) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 
Q.5 Through a point A on the x-axis a straight line is drawn parallel to y-axis so as to meet the pair of straight
lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 in B and C. If AB = BC then
(A) h2 = 4ab (B) 8h2 = 9ab (C) 9h2 = 8ab (D) 4h2 = ab
Q.6 Suppose that a ray of light leaves the point (3, 4), reflects off the y-axis y
towards the x-axis, reflects off the x-axis, and finally arrives at the point
(8, 2). The value of x, is
(3,4)
1 1
(A) x = 4 (B) x = 4 (0,y) (8,2)
2 3
2 1 x
(C) x = 4 (D) x = 5 (x,0)
3 3
Q.7 Given a triangle whose vertices are at (0, 0), (4, 4) and (10, 0). A square is drawn in it such that its base
is on the x-axis and its two corners are on the 2 sides of the triangle. The area of the square is equal to
400 400 625 625
(A) (B) (C) (D)
49 25 16 49
Q.8 A, B and C are points in the xy plane such that A(1, 2) ; B (5, 6) and AC = 3BC. Then
(A) ABC is a unique triangle (B) There can be only two such triangles.
(C) No such triangle is possible (D) There can be infinite number of such triangles.
Q.9 Let ABC be the right triangle with vertices of A(0, 2), B(1, 0) and C(0, 0). If D is the point on AB such
that the segment CD bisects angle C, then the length of CD is
1 5 3 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 3
Q.10 Number of points on the straight line which joins (–4, 11) to (16, –1) whose co-ordinates are positive
integer
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.11 Line AB passes through point (2, 3) and intersects the positive x and y axes at A(a, 0) and B(0, b)
respectively. If the area of AOB is 11, the numerical value of 4b2 + 9a2, is
(A) 220 (B) 240 (C) 248 (D) 284
Q.12 A ray of light passing through the point A (1, 2) is reflected at a point B on the x  axis and then passes
through (5, 3). Then the equation of AB is :
(A) 5x + 4y = 13 (B) 5x  4y =  3 (C) 4x + 5y = 14 (D) 4x  5y =  6
Q.13 m, n are integer with 0 < n < m. A is the point (m, n) on the cartesian plane. B is the reflection of A in the
line y = x. C is the reflection of B in the y-axis, D is the reflection of C in the x-axis and E is the reflection
of D in the y-axis. The area of the pentagon ABCDE is
(A) 2m(m + n) (B) m(m + 3n) (C) m(2m + 3n) (D) 2m(m + 3n)
Q.14 The ends of the base of an isosceles triangle ar at (2, 0) and (0, 1) and the equation of one side is x = 2
then the orthocentre of the triangle is
3 3 5  3  4 7 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,1 (C)  ,1 (D)  , 
4 2 4  4   3 12 
Q.15 The equation of the pair of bisectors of the angles between two straight lines is,12x2  7xy  12y2 = 0 .
If the equation of one line is 2y  x = 0 then the equation of the other line is :
(A) 41x  38y = 0 (B) 11x + 2y = 0 (C) 38x + 41y = 0 (D) 11x – 2y = 0
Q.16 The equations of L1 and L2 are y = mx and y = nx, respectively. Suppose L1 makes twice as large of an
angle with the horizontal (measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis) as does L2 and that L1
has 4 times the slope of L2. If L1 is not horizontal, then the value of the product (mn) equals
2 2
(A) (B)  (C) 2 (D) –2
2 2
Q.17 Two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are chosen on the graph of f (x) = ln x with 0 < x1 < x2. The points
C and D trisect line segment AB with AC < CB. Through C a horizontal line is drawn to cut the curve at
E(x3, y3). If x1 = 1 and x2 = 1000 then the value of x3 equals
(A) 10 (B) 10 (C) (10)2/3 (D) (10)1/3
Q.18 If the straight line x + 2y = 9, 3x – 5y = 5 & ax + by = 1 are concurrent, then the straight line
5x + 2y = 1 passes through the point
(A) (a, –b) (B) (–a, b) (C) (a, b) (D) (–a, –b)
Q.19 Vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(3, 1), B(13, 6), C(13, 21) and D(3, 16). If a line passing
through the origin divides the parallelogram into two congruent parts then the slope of the line is
11 11 25 13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 8 8 8
Q.20 The line x = c cuts the triangle with corners (0, 0); (1, 1) and (9, 1) into two regions. For the area of the
two regions to be the same c must be equal to
(A) 5/2 (B) 3 (C) 7/2 (D) 3 or 15
Q.21 The distance between the two parallel lines is 1 unit . A point 'A' is chosen to lie between the lines at a
distance 'd' from one of them . Triangle ABC is equilateral with B on one line and C on the other parallel
line . The length of the side of the equilateral triangle is
2 2 d2  d 1
(A) d  d 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 d 2  d  1 (D) d 2  d  1
3 3
Q.22 If m and b are real numbers and mb > 0, then the line whose equation is y = mx + b cannot contain the
point
(A) (0, 2008) (B) (2008, 0) (C) (0, –2008) (D) (20, –100)
Q.23 Given A(0, 0) and B(x, y) with x  (0, 1) and y > 0. Let the slope of the line AB equals m1. Point C lies
on the line x = 1 such that the slope of BC equals m2 where 0 < m2 < m1. If the area of the triangle ABC
can be expressed as (m1 – m2) f (x), then the largest possible value of f (x) is
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/8
Q.24 Consider a parallelogram whose sides are represented by the lines 2x + 3y = 0; 2x + 3y – 5 = 0;
3x – 4y = 0 and 3x – 4y = 3. The equation of the diagonal not passing through the origin, is
(A) 21x – 11y + 15 = 0 (B) 9x – 11y + 15 = 0
(C) 21x – 29y – 15 = 0 (D) 21x – 11y – 15 = 0
Q.25 P lies on the line y = x and Q lies on y = 2x. Then equation for the locus of the mid point of PQ, if
|PQ| = 4 is
(A) 25x2 + 36xy + 13y2 = 4 (B) 25x2 – 36xy + 13y2 = 4
2 2
(C) 25x – 36xy – 13y = 4 (D) 25x2 + 36xy – 13y2 = 4
Q.26 If the vertices P and Q of a triangle PQR are given by (2, 5) and (4, –11) respectively, and the point R
moves along the line N : 9x + 7y + 4 = 0, then the locus of the centroid of the triangle PQR is a straight
line parallel to
(A) PQ (B) QR (C) RP (D) N
Q.27 The co-ordinates of the points A, B, C are (–4, 0), (0, 2) & (–3, 2) respectively. The point of intersection
of the line which bisects the angle CAB internally and the line joining C to the middle point of AB is :
 7 4  5 13   7 10   5 3
(A)   ,  (B)   ,  (C)  ,   (D)   , 
 3 3  2 2 3 3  2 2
Q.28 What is the y-intercept of the line that is parallel to y = 3x, and which bisects the area of a rectangle with
corners at (0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 2) and (0, 2)?
(A) (0, – 7) (B) (0, – 6) (C) (0, – 5) (D) (0, – 4)
Q.29 The vertex of a right angle of a right angled triangle lies on the straight line 2x + y – 10 = 0 and the two
other vertices, at points (2, –3) and (4, 1) then the area of triangle in sq. units is
33
(A) 10 (B) 3 (C) (D) 11
5
Q.30 Given A  (1, 1) and AB is any line through it cutting the x-axis in B. If AC is perpendicular to AB and

meets the y-axis in C, then the equation of locus of midpoint P of BC is
(A) x + y = 1 (B) x + y = 2 (C) x + y = 2xy (D) 2x + 2y = 1
Q.31 The number of possible straight lines, passing through (2, 3) and forming a triangle with coordinate axes
whose area is 12 sq. units, is
(A) one (B) two (C) three (D) four
Q.32 In a triangle ABC, if A (2, – 1) and 7x – 10y + 1 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 5 = 0 are equations of an altitude
and an angle bisector respectively drawn from B, then equation of BC is
(A) x + y + 1 = 0 (B) 5x + y + 17 = 0 (C) 4x + 9y + 30 = 0 (D) x – 5y – 7 = 0
Q.33 Let A (3, 2) and B  (5, 1). ABP is an equilateral triangle is constructed on the side of AB remote from
the origin then the orthocentre of triangle ABP is
1 3  1 3 
(A)  4  
3,  3  (B)  4  3,  3 
 2 2   2 2 
 1 3 1   1 3 1 
(C)  4  3,  3 (D)  4  3,  3
 6 2 3   6 2 3 
3x
Q.34 The line y =  + 9 crosses the x-axis at P and the y-axis at Q. Point T lie on PQ and its coordinates
4
Area of triangle POQ
are (r, s). If = 3, where O is origin. Then the value of (r + s) equals
Area of triangle TOP
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13
Q.35 Triangle formed by the lines x + y = 0 , x – y = 0 and lx + my = 1. If l and m vary subject to the
condition l 2 + m2 = 1 then the locus of its circumcentre is
(A) (x2 – y2)2 = x2 + y2 (B) (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 – y2)
(C) (x2 + y2) = 4x2 y2 (D) (x2 – y2)2 = (x2 + y2)2
Q.36 The image of the pair of lines represented by ax2 + 2h xy + by2 = 0 by the line mirror y = 0 is
(A) ax2  2h xy  by2 = 0 (B) bx2  2h xy + ay2 = 0
(C) bx2 + 2h xy + ay2 = 0 (D) ax2  2h xy + by2 = 0
Q.37 Let (x1, y1) ; (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are the vertices of a triangle ABC respectively. D is a point on BC such
that BC = 3BD. The equation of the line through A and D, is
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
x
(A) 1 y1 1 + 2 x1 y1 1 = 0 x
(B) 3 1 y1 1 + x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
x
(C) 1 y1 1 + 3 x1 y1 1 = 0 x
(D) 2 1 y1 1 + x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
 
Q.38 If in triangle ABC , A  (1, 10) , circumcentre   13 , 23 and orthocentre  11 ,4 
3 3 then the
co-ordinates of mid-point of side opposite to A is :
(A) (1,  11/3) (B) (1, 5) (C) (1,  3) (D) (1, 6)
Q.39 In a triangle ABC, side AB has the equation 2x + 3y = 29 and the side AC has the equation x + 2y = 16.
If the mid-point of BC is (5, 6) then the equation of BC is
(A) x – y = – 1 (B) 5x – 2y = 13 (C) x + y = 11 (D) 3x – 4y = –9
Q.40 The circumcentre of the triangle formed by the lines, x y + 2 x + 2 y + 4 = 0 and x + y + 2 = 0 is :
(A) (–2, –2) (B) (–1, –1) (C) (0, 0) (D) (–1, –2)
Q.41 ABC is an isosceles triangle. If the co-ordinates of the base are (1, 3) and (–2, 7), the co-ordinates of
vertex A can be :
 1  1 5  1
(A)   , 5  (B)   ,5  (C)  , 5,  (D)  7, 
 2   8  6   8
4
Q.42 A is a point on either of two lines y + 3 x= 2 at a distance of units from their point of
3
intersection. The co-ordinates of the foot of perpendicular from A on the bisector of the angle between
them are
 2   2 
(A)   , 2 (B) (0, 0) (C)  , 2 (D) (0, 4)
 3   3 
Q.43 Let PQR be a right angled isosceles triangle, right angled at P (2, 1). If the equation of the line QR is
2x + y = 3, then the equation representing the pair of lines PQ and PR is
(A) 3x2  3y2 + 8xy + 20x + 10y + 25 = 0 (B) 3x2  3y2 + 8xy  20x  10y + 25 = 0
2 2
(C) 3x  3y + 8xy + 10x + 15y + 20 = 0 (D) 3x2  3y2  8xy  10x  15y  20 = 0
Q.44 The angles between the straight lines joining the origin to the points common to
7x2 + 8y2 – 4xy + 2x – 4y – 8 = 0 and 3x – y = 2 is
  
(A) tan–1 2 (B) (C) (D)
3 4 2
Q.45 A sequence of equilateral triangle is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the altitude of the preceding

triangle, the difference between the area of the first triangle and the sixth triangle is 968 3 square unit.
The perimeter of the first triangle is
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18
Q.46 The line (k + 1)2x + ky – 2k2 – 2 = 0 passes through a point regardless of the value k. Which of the
following is the line with slope 2 passing through the point ?
(A) y = 2x – 8 (B) y = 2x – 5 (C) y = 2x – 4 (D) y = 2x + 8
Q.47 If the line y = mx bisects the angle between the lines ax2 + 2h xy + by2 = 0 then m is a root of the
quadratic equation :
(A) hx2 + (a  b) x  h = 0 (B) x2 + h (a  b) x  1 = 0
2
(C) (a  b) x + hx  (a  b) = 0 (D) (a  b) x2  hx  (a  b) = 0
Q.48 An equilateral triangle has each of its sides of length 6 cm . If (x1, y1) ; (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are its vertices
then the value of the determinant,
2
x1 y1 1
x2 y 2 1 is equal to :
x3 y3 1
(A) 192 (B) 243 (C) 486 (D) 972
Q.49 In a triangle ABC, ABC = 120°, AB = 3 and BC = 4. If perpendicular constructed on the side AB at
A and to the side BC at C meets at D then CD is equal to
8 3 10 3
(A) 3 (B) (C) 5 (D)
3 3

y
Q.50 A particle beings at the origin and moves successively in the following
manner as shown,
1 unit to the right 1/2 unit up, 1/4 unit to the right
1/8 unit down, 1/16 unit to the right etc. 1/4
The length of each move is half the length of the previous move and
1/2 1/8
movement continuous in the ‘zigzag’ manner idenfinitely. The co-ordinates 1/16
1
of the point to which the the ‘zigzag’ converges is x
(A) (4/3, 2/3) (B) (4/3, 2/5) 0
(C) (3/2, 2/3) (D) (2, 2/5)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 51 to 53

Consider a variable line L which passes through the point of intersection ‘P’ of the line 3x + 4y – 12 = 0
and x + 2y – 5 = 0, meeting the coordinate axes at the points A and B.
Q.51 Locus of the middle point of the segment AB has the equation
(A) 3x + 4y = 4xy (B) 3x + 4y = 3xy
(C) 4x + 3y = 4xy (D) 4x + 3y = 3xy
Q.52 Locus of the feet of the perpendicular from the origin on the variable line ‘L’ has the equation
(A) 2(x2 + y2) – 3x – 4y = 0 (B) 2(x2 + y2) – 4x – 3y = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 2x – y = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – x – 2y = 0
Q.53 Locus of the centroid of the variable triangle OAB has the equation (where ‘O’ is the origin)
(A) 3x + 4y + 6xy = 0 (B) 4x + 3y – 6xy = 0
(C) 3x + 4y – 6xy = 0 (D) 4x + 3y + 6xy = 0
In the diagram, a line is drawn through the points A(0, 16) and B(8, 0). Point P is chosen in the first
quadrant on the line through A and B. Points C and D are chosen on the x and y-axis respectively, so that
PDOC is a rectangle.
y
D P
B(8,0)
x
O C
Q.54 Perpendicular distance of the line AB from the point (2, 2) is
(A) 4 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 50
Q.55 Sum of the coordinates of the point P if PDOC is a square is
(A) 32/3 (B) 16/3 (C) 16 (D) 11
Q.56 Number of possible ordered pair(s) of all positions of the point P on AB so that the area of the rectangle
PDOC is 30 sq. units, is
(A) three (B) two (C) one (D) zero
A straight line 4x + 3y = 72 intersect the x and y axes at A and B respectively. Then
Q.57 Distance between the incentre and the orthocentre of the triangle AOB is :
(A) 2 6 (B) 3 6 (C) 6 6 (D) 6 2
Q.58 The area of the triangle whose vertices are the incentre, circumcentre and centroid of the triangle AOB
is sq. units is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) none
Q.59 The radii of the excircles of the triangle AOB (in any order) form
(A) an A.P. (B) a G.P. (C) a H.P. (D) none
The base of an isosceles triangle is equal to 4, the base angle is equal to 45°. A straight line cuts the
extension of the base at a point M at the angle  and bisects the lateral side of the triangle which is nearest
to M.
Q.60 The area 'A' of the quadrilateral which the straight line cuts off from given triangle is
3  tan  3  2 tan  3  tan  3  5 tan 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  tan  1  tan  1  tan  1  tan 
Q.61 The range of values of 'A' for different values of , lie in the interval,
5 7  9
(A)  ,  (B) (4, 5) (C)  4,  (D) (3, 4)
2 2  2
Q.62 The length of portion of straight line inside the triangle may lie in the range :
3 
(A) (2, 4) (B)  , 3  (C) ( 2 , 2) (D) ( 2 , 3 )
2 
x y x y x y x y
Q.63 Consider the lines, L1:   1 ; L2 =   1 ; L3 :   2 and L4 :   2
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
Statement-1: The quadrilateral formed by these four lines is a rhombus.
because
Statement-2: If diagonals of a quadrilateral formed by any four lines are unequal and intersect at right
angle then it is a rhombus.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Q.64 Statement-1: The equation 2xy + 3x – 4y = 12 does not represent a line pair.
because
Statement-2: A general equation of degree two in which coefficient of x2 = 0 and coefficient of y2 = 0
and coefficient of xy  0 can not represent a line pair.
Q.65 Let l be a line y = mx + c which intersect the curve y = x4 – 6x3 + 4x – 1 in 4 points
A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) and D(x4, y4)
Statement-1: The sum x1(x2 + x3 + x4) + x2(x3 + x4) + x3x4 is independent of the gradient of the line l.
because
Statement-2: The sum x1(x2 + x3 + x4) + x2(x3 + x4) + x3x4 vanishes.
Q.66 Let points A, B, C are represented by (a cos i, a sin i) i = 1, 2, 3 and
3
cos (1 – 2) + cos (2 – 3) + cos (3 – 1) = – .
2
Statement-1 : Orthocentre of ABC is at origin
because
Statement-2:  ABC is equilateral triangle.
Q.67 Given a ABC whose vertices are A(x1, y1) ; B(x2, y2) ; C(x3, y3).
Let there exists a point P(a, b) such that 6a = 2x1 + x2 + 3x3 ; 6b = 2y1 + y2 + 3y3
Statement-1: Area of triangle PBC must be less than the area of ABC
because
Statement-2: P lies inside the triangle ABC
[MULTIPLE XOBJECTIVE TYPE]
Q.68 The area of triangle ABC is 20 cm2. The co-ordinates of vertex A are (–5, 0) and B are (3, 0). The
vertex C lies on the line, x – y = 2. The co-ordinates of C are
(A) (5, 3) (B) (–3, –5) (C) (–5, –7) (D) (7, 5)
Q.69 The lines L1 and L2 denoted by 3x2 + 10xy + 8y2 + 14x + 22y + 15 = 0 intersect at the point P and have
gradients m1 and m2 respectively. The acute angles between them is . Which of the following relations
hold good ?
(A) m1 + m2 = 5/4 (B) m1 m2 = 3/8
 2 
(C) acute angle between L1 and L2 is sin–1  
5 5 
(D) sum of the abscissa and ordinate of the point P is –1
x y x y
Q.70 Line   1 cuts the co-ordinate axes at A(a, 0) & B(0, b) & the line   1 at A' (–a', 0) &
a b a ' b'
B'(0, –b'). If the points A, B, A', B' are concyclic then the orthocentre of the triangle ABA' is :
 aa '   bb ' 
(A) (0, 0) (B) (0, b') (C)  0,  (D)  0, 
 b   a 
Q.71 If one vertex of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’ lies at the origin and the other lies on the line x – 3 y
= 0 then the co-ordinates of the third vertex are :
 3a a   3a a 
(A) (0, a) (B)  ,   (C) (0, –a) (D)   , 
 2 2  2 2 
2m 2m '
Q.72 The bisectors of angle between the st. lines, y – b = (x – a) & y – b = (x – a) are
1  m2 1  m '2
(A) (y – b)(m + m') + (x – a)(1 – m m') = 0 (B) (y – b)(m + m') – (x – a)(1 – m m') = 0
(C) (y – b)(1 – m m') + (x – a)(m + m') = 0 (D) (y – b)(1 – m m') – (x – a)(m + m') = 0
Q.73 Straight lines 2x + y = 5 and x  2y = 3 intersect at the point A . Points B and C are chosen on these
two lines such that AB = AC . Then the equation of a line BC passing through the point (2, 3) is
(A) 3x  y  3 = 0 (B) x + 3y  11 = 0
(C) 3x + y  9 = 0 (D) x  3y + 7 = 0
Q.74 The x-coordinates of the vertices of a square of unit area are the roots of the equation
x 2  3x + 2 = 0 and the y-coordinates of the vertices are the roots of the equation
y2  3y + 2 = 0 then the possible vertices of the square is/are :
(A) (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2) (B) ( 1, 1), ( 2, 1), ( 2, 2), ( 1, 2)
(C) (2, 1), (1,  1), (1, 2), (2, 2) (D) ( 2, 1), ( 1,  1), ( 1, 2), ( 2, 2)
Q.75 The sides of a triangle are the straight line x + y = 1 ; 7y = x and 3 y + x = 0. Then which of the

following is an interior point of the triangle ?
(A) circumcentre (B) centroid (C) orthocentre (D) orthocentre
Q.76 If 4a2 + c2 = b2 – 4ac then the variable line ax + by + c = 0 always passes through one or the other of
the two fixed points. The coordinates of the fixed point can be
(A) (–2, –1) (B) (2, –1) (C) (–2, 1) (D) (2, 1)
Q.77 Let A(1, 1) and B(3, 3) be the two fixed points and P be a variable point such that area of PAB remains
constant equal to 1 for all positions of P, then locus of P is given by
(A) 2y = 2x + 1 (B) 2y = 2x – 1 (C) y = x + 1 (D) y = x – 1
MATCH THE COLUMN

Q.78 to Q.80 is “Match the Column” type. Column-I and Column-II contains four entries each. Entry of
Column-I are to be matched with one or more than one entries of Column-II.
Q.78 Column-I Column-II

(A) If the line x + 2ay + a = 0, x + 3by + b = 0 & x + 4cy + c = 0 (P) A.P.
are concurrent, then a, b, c are in
(B) The points with the co-ordinates (2a, 3a), (3b, 2b) & (c, c) (Q) G.P.
are collinear then a, b, c are in
(C) If the lines, ax + 2y + 1 = 0 ; bx + 3y + 1 = 0 & cx + 4y + 1 = 0 (R) H.P.
passes through the same point then a, b, c are in neither A.P.
(D) Let a, b, c be distinct non-negative numbers. If the lines (S) nor G.P.
ax + ay + c = 0, x + 1 = 0 & cx + cy + b = 0 pass through nor H.P.
the same point then a, b, c are in
Q.79 Consider the line Ax + By + C = 0.
Match the nature of intercept of the line given in Column-I with their corresponding conditions in
Column-II.
The mapping is one to one only.
Column-I Column-II
(A) x intercept is finite and y intercept is infinite (P) A = 0, B, C  0
(B) x intercept is infinite and y intercept is finite (Q) C = 0, A, B  0
(C) both x and y intercepts are zero (R) A, B = 0 and C  0
(D) both x and y intercepts are infinite (S) B = 0, A, C  0
Q.80 Column-I Column-II

(A) The lines y = 0; y = 1; x – 6y + 4 = 0 and x + 6y – 9 = 0 (P) a cyclic quadraliteral
constitute a figure which is
(B) The points A(a, 0), B(0, b), C(c, 0) and D(0, d) are (Q) a rhombus
such that ac = bd and a, b, c, d are all non-zero
The points A, B, C and D always constitute (R) a square
(C) The figure formed by the four lines
ax  by  c = 0 (a  b), is (S) a trapezium
(D) The line pairs x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 and y2 – 14y + 45 = 0
constitute a figure which is
ANSWER KEY
Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 B Q.6 B Q.7 A
Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.11 A Q.12 A Q.13 B Q.14 B
Q.15 A Q.16 C Q.17 A Q.18 C Q.19 B Q.20 B Q.21 B
Q.22 B Q.23 D Q.24 D Q.25 B Q.26 D Q.27 D Q.28 C
Q.29 B Q.30 A Q.31 C Q.32 B Q.33 D Q.34 B Q.35 A
Q.36 D Q.37 D Q.38 A Q.39 C Q.40 B Q.41 D Q.42 B
Q.43 B Q.44 D Q.45 B Q.46 A Q.47 A Q.48 D Q.49 D
Q.50 B
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Q.51 A Q.52 B Q.53 C Q.54 C Q.55 A Q.56 B Q.57 D

Q.58 B Q.59 C Q.60 D Q.61 D Q.62 C
[REASONING TYPE]
Q.63 C Q.64 C Q.65 A Q.66 A Q.67 A
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]
Q.68 B,D Q.69 B,C,D Q.70 B,C Q.71 A,B,C,D Q.72 A,D
Q.73 A,B Q.74 A,B Q.75 B,C Q.76 B,D Q.77 C,D
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.78 (A) R ; (B) S ; (C) P ; (D) Q Q.79 (A) S ; (B) P ; (C) Q ; (D) R

Q.80 (A) P, S ; (B) P ; (C) Q ; (D) P, Q, R

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Best Approach

 ax1bx 2 cx 3 ay1by 2 cy3 

10. ANGLE BETWEEN TWO STRAIGHT LINES IN TERMS OF THEIR SLOPES :

17. THE EQUATION OF A FAMILY OF STRAIGHT LINES PASSING THROUGH THE

[ 14 (x + x + x + x ), 14 (y + y + y +y )]

 ( + )3 = K2 

29. Locus of a point that is equidistant from the lines x + y – 2 2 = 0 and x + y – 2 = 0 is

  5y  6   25y 2  60y  36  24y 2  56y  32

Q.11 Prove that the points (2a, 4a), (2a, 6a) and (2a  3a , 5a ) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle

[This point is called the Centre of Mean Position of the n given points.]

( SL. LONEY - EX-2)

( SL. LONEY - EX-4)

( SL. LONEY - EX-5)

Q.9 Find the equation to the straight line which passes through the given point (x', y') and is such that the

( SL. LONEY - EX-6)

( SL. LONEY - EX-7)

Q.6 Show that the product of the perpendiculars drawn from the two points ( a 2 – b 2 , 0) upon the straight

( SL. LONEY - EX-8)

Q.19 Find the conditions that the striaght lines y  m1x  a1 , y  m 2 x  a 2 and y  m3 x  a 3 may met in a

( SL. LONEY - EX-10)

( SL. LONEY - EX-12)

( SL. LONEY - EX-13)

Q. 14 A ray of light along x + 3 y = 3 gets reflected upon reaching x-axis, the equation of the reflected ray

Q.24 The region represented by |x – y|  2 and |x+ y|  2 is bounded by a : [JEE Main 2019]

Q.49 A ray of light coming from the point (2, 2 3 ) is incident at an angle 30º on the line x = 1 at the point A.

(A) 2 (B) 2 2 (C) 4 2 (D) 2

( SL. LONEY - EX-1)

Q.5 a 2  2b 2  c2 – 2ab – 2bc

Q.22  kx1  x 2  mx 3 , ky1  y 2  my3 

( SL. LONEY - EX-2)

( SL. LONEY - EX-4)

Q.10 4x 2 (c2 – 4 a 2 )  4 c2 y 2  c 2 (c 2 – 4 a 2 ) Q.11 (6a – 2c) x  a 2 – c 2

Q.17 15x 2 – y 2  2ax  a 2 Q.18 x 2  y 2  3 Q.19 x 2  y 2  4y

( SL. LONEY - EX-5)

Q.1 y = x + 1 Q.2 x – y – 5 = 0 Q.3 x – y 3 – 2 3  0

Q.4 5y – 3x + 9 = 0 Q.5 2x+ 3y = 6 Q.6 6x – 5y + 30 = 0

Q.19 (a– 2b) x – by + b2 + 2ab – a2 = 0 Q.20 y(t1  t 2 ) – 2 x  2 at1 t 2

( SL. LONEY - EX-6)

( SL. LONEY - EX-7)

( SL. LONEY - EX-8)

 a(b – b') 2bb '  130

Q.25. y = 3x Q.26. y = x Q.27 a 2 y – b 2 x  ab (a – b)

Q.28 3x + 4y = 5a Q.29 x + y + 2 = 0 Q.30 23x + 23y = 11

( SL. LONEY - EX-10)

Q.4 (–7, 3) Q.5  – 13 , 35  ; 157

1  (c2 – c3 ) 2 (c3 – c1 )2 (c1 – c 2 ) 2  5 5

Q.7 x(1– sin )  y cos   0; x(1  sin )  y cos   0; 

Q.8 y sin   x cos    x cos2 ; tan –1 (cosec  cos 2 )

( SL. LONEY - EX-13)

Q.14 3 units Q.15 c =  4; B(2 , 0); D(4 , 4)

Q.16 (i) area = 6 sq. units, (ii) diagonals are 5 & 53

Q.3 (a) D; (b) D 

Q.30 Given A  (1, 1) and AB is any line through it cutting the x-axis in B. If AC is perpendicular to AB and

Q.45 A sequence of equilateral triangle is drawn. The altitude of each is 3 times the altitude of the preceding

Paragraph for Question Nos. 51 to 53

Paragraph for Question Nos. 54 to 56

[MULTIPLE XOBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.75 The sides of a triangle are the straight line x + y = 1 ; 7y = x and 3 y + x = 0. Then which of the

MATCH THE COLUMN

Q.78 Column-I Column-II

Q.80 Column-I Column-II

Q.51 A Q.52 B Q.53 C Q.54 C Q.55 A Q.56 B Q.57 D