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Module 11: Interfering with nature
I/ Pronunciation
1. Words
2. Sentences
a. Angus is hanging some strong string on the nails.
b. Duncan King is lying in bed trying to sleep.
c. Mum made me move my models.
d. Young King Kong was stronger than strong.
e. I met a man near the monument this morning.
3. Paragraphs
Paragraph a:
We had a conversation. The kind of real, live stimulating
conversation that was common when I was growing up, but which
seems all too rare these days. Today we have chat rooms, text
messaging, e-mailing… but we seem to be losing the art of
communicating face-to-face. We all know when young people are out
on a date these days, they spend most of that time answering their
mobile. And teenagers nowadays seem to prefer catching up with
their friends by texting rather than actually speaking to them.
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Paragraph b:
Farming methods are another big factor. In some places,
traditional methods that have been used for hundreds of years no
longer work well. Why do they no longer work well? Partly because
the population is increasing, and farmers aren’t equipped to meet
these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out.
More people need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers
may use too much fertilizer on the limited land they have, or not let
the land rest from year to year, causing it to become less fertile.
Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don’t think about. Irrigation
water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the
soil can no longer be used for farming. Currently, about one third of
the irrigated land in the world has too much salt in it. Irrigation has
taken a heavy toll on good land.
2
2. Should we change the eating habit for a healthy diet or maintain it
for our favorite? What does it affect to our body?
LANGUAGE REFERENCE
I/ Pronunciation
1. Words
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
/sʌm/ /sʌn/ /sʌŋ/
/bæm/ /bæn/ /bæŋ/
/ˈhæmə(r)/ /ˈhændlə(r)/ /ˈhæŋə(r)/
/met/ /net/ -
/maɪs/ /naɪs/ -
2. Sentences
a. Angus is hanging some strong string on the nails.
/ˈaŋgəs/ /ˈhæŋɪŋ/ /səm//strɒŋ//strɪŋ//ɒn/ /neɪls/
b. Duncan King is lying in bed trying to sleep.
/ˈdʌŋk(ə)n//kɪŋ/ /ˈlaɪɪŋ//ɪn/ /ˈtraɪɪŋ/
c. Mum made me move my models.
/mʌm//meɪd//miː//muːv//maɪ//ˈmɒd(ə)ls/
d. Young King Kong was stronger than strong.
/jʌŋ/ /kɪŋˈkɒŋ/ /ˈstrɒŋgə/ /strɒŋ/
e. I met a man near the monument this morning.
/met//mæn//nɪə/ /ˈmɒnjʊm(ə)nt/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/
3. Paragraphs
Paragraph a:
We had a conversation. The kind of real, live stimulating conversation that was
/kɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ /kaɪnd/ /ˈstɪmjʊleɪtɪŋ//kɒnvəˈseɪʃ(ə)n/
common when I was growing up, but which seems all too rare these days. Today we
/ˈkɒmən/ /wen/ /grəʊɪŋ/ /siːms/
have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing… but we seem to be losing the art of
/rʊmz/ /ˈmesɪdʒɪŋ/ /ˈiːmeɪlɪŋ/ /siːm/ /luːzɪŋ/
communicating face-to-face. We all know when young people are out on a date these
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtɪŋ/ /nəʊ/ /wen/ /jʌŋ/ /ɒn/
days, they spend most of that time answering their mobile. And teenagers nowadays
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/spend//məʊst/ /taɪm//ˈɑːnsərɪŋ/ /ˈməʊbaɪl//ænd//ˈtiːneɪdʒəz//ˈnaʊədeɪz/
seem to prefer catching up with their friends by texting rather than actually speaking
/siːm/ /ˈkætʃɪŋ/ /frendz/ /ˈtekstɪŋ/ /ðən/ /ˈspiːkɪŋ/
to them.
/ðəm/
Paragraph b:
Farming methods are another big factor. In some places, traditional methods that
/ˈfɑːmɪŋ//ˈmeθədz/ /əˈnʌðə/ /sʌm/ /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l//ˈmeθədz/
have been used for hundreds of years no longer work well. Why do they no longer
/biːn/ /ˈhʌndrədz/ /ˈlɒŋgə/ /
ˈlɒŋgə/
work well? Partly because the population is increasing, and farmers aren’t equipped to
/pɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/ /ən//ˈfɑːməz//ɑːnt/
meet these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out. More people
/miːt/ /njuː//dɪˈmɑːndz//ən/ /getɪŋ/ /wɔːn/ /mɔː/
need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers may use too much fertilizer on
/niːd/ /frɒm/ /lænd/ /sʌm//ˈfɑːməz//meɪ/ /mʌtʃ/ /ɒn/
the limited land they have, or not let the land rest from year to year, causing it to
/ˈlɪmɪtɪd//lænd/ /nɒt/ /lænd/ /frɒm/ /kɔːzɪŋ/
become less fertile. Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don’t think about. Irrigation
/bɪˈkʌm/ /ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n/ /ˈmeni/ /dəʊnt//θɪŋk/ /ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n/
water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the soil can no longer
/ˈɒf(ə)n/ /ɪn/ /ən/ /wen/ /ɪn/ /kæn//nəʊ//ˈlɒŋgə/
be used for farming. Currently, about one third of the irrigated land in the world has
/ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ /ˈkʌrəntli/ /wʌn/ /lænd//ɪn/
too much salt in it. Irrigation has taken a heavy toll on good land.
/mʌtʃ/ /ɪn//ˈɪrɪgeɪtʃ(ə)n//ˈteɪk(ə)n/ /ɒn/ /lænd/
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(to) take sb to + place: (to) take me to hospital
(to) treat, (to) inject
- Structures: It was the time when …
2. Talk about a special time you change your style (hair, clothes, etc.)
- Noun + adj: trend, fashion, fad, collection, colour, shape, feature/characteristic,
design
impressed, lovely, suitable, fashionable, stylish, etc.
old, new, short, long, simple, unique, free style
- Phrases: (to) make sb/ sth new, (to) refresh, (to) make impressed, (to) be in fashion,
(to) be in vogue
(to) try + V-ing, (to) follow / keep up with
2. Eating habit:
- Words: nouns: nature, habit, favorite, taste
doctor’s advices, special diet
impact, influence
diseases: heart attack, stroke, obesity, etc.
adj + adv: daily, healthy, fresh, helpful, essential/necessary, important,
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nutritious, nourishing, safe, delicious
verbs: (to) like, (to) want, (to) change, (to) follow, (to) balance, (to) improve
- Phrases: (to) help sb/sth to do sth: (to) help human live to ripe old age
(to) be needed for, (to) nourish sb/sth, (to) be good for
(to) protect your body from…
sth is better than sth
had better/ should + V(infinitive)
IV/ Grammar
A. Hypothetical situations in the present
1. Hypothetical situation with if
a. When talking about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present, we go back
one tense into the past.
I don’t have a cat, but if I had one I’d call it Henry
This sometimes called the “unreal past”. The unreal past is often used after if in
condition sentences, as above. In the main clause we often use would or other model
verbs.
If I had more time, I would/could/might learn to drive.
b. In certain phrases with the unreal past, we can use were with he/she/it with the first
and third person.
If Rachel were here, she’d know what to do.
Some people consider this too formal and old-fashioned. However it is still common
with the phrase If I were.
I’d tell her about it if I were you
2. Imaginary situation with wish and if only
a. We also use the unreal past after if only and I wish because they both describe
imaginary situations
I wish I could speak Spanish (= I can’t speak Spanish, but I’d like to)
b. We can also use wish + would (n’t) to refer to things that you would like to happen
(but you don’t think they will happen).
I wish my boss would give me a pay rise.
I wish + you would (n’t) is often used to express annoyance.
I wish you’d hurry up. (= you are being very slow).
c. If there is no possibility of change, we must use the Past simple.
I wish you were taller. (= You cannot change this).
I wish you’d be more helpful. (= You can change this).
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d. We do not use wish + would in the first person.
I wish I would know the answer.
e. The unreal past is also used after the phrase it’s time.
It’s time people changed their attitude towards plastic surgery.
V/ References
Contemporary topics 2 - high intermidiate, Michael Rost
Cutting edge - upper intermidiate, Sara Cunningham and Peter Moor
Pronunciation course student’s book, English I, ULIS-VNU
Pronunciation in use
Speaking and pronunciation focus, English I, ULIS-VNU
Ship or Sheep, Peter Roach