Image Processing:

2. Lenses

Aleix M. Martinez
aleix@ece.osu.edu

Modeling Lenses

Are we interested in lenses?

• Most of the time, we can (and will) ignore
lenses. When one wants to improve
precision (e.g., in rendering), lenses may be
necessary.
• The problem with pinhole cameras is that:
– To be precise, the pinhole has to be infinitely
small. Otherwise the image is blurred.
– To allow light to reach all image points, the
pinhole needs be large.

1
 The reason for lenses

© Pearson, reprinted with permission.

Snell’s law

n 1 sin a 1 = n 2 sin a 2

© Pearson, reprinted with permission.

Paraxial (1st order) optics

Snell’s law: Small angles: n1 n2 n2 - n1

n 1 sin a1 = n 2 sin a2 n 1 a1 ¼ n 2a2 + =
d1 d 2 R
© Pearson, reprinted with permission.

2
 Thin Lenses

ì x
ïï x' = z ' z 1 1 1 R
í , where - = and f = .
ï y' = z' y z' z f 2(n - 1)
îï z
© Pearson, reprinted with permission.

Thick Lenses

© Pearson, reprinted with permission.

Spherical aberration

© Pearson, reprinted with permission.