College of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

Taibah University-KSA344
Prince Naif Bin AbdulAziz Road

Energy and Power Systems – ME476

(Section MA)

Project#2

Geothermal Energy

DUE DATE: 28/11/2020

STUDENT NAME: Alawy Yousef Fouly

ID: 3695932

(FALL SESSION- 2020)

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 Table of contents:

Abstract:.........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:..................................................................................................................................4
Methodology:..................................................................................................................................5
EES Code was used to simulate the case to virtual one and generate the data....................5
Mathematical model:.....................................................................................................................6
Results:............................................................................................................................................7
R134a:.........................................................................................................................................7
R12:.............................................................................................................................................8
R22:.............................................................................................................................................9
Heating 100 liters of water from 20oC to 50oC:.........................................................................11
All refrigerants Cop as T changes from 70oC to 120 oC...........................................................12
Discussion:....................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion & Recommendations:..............................................................................................13

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Abstract:
Energy is a critical need in our life, so consideration about energy generation was
serios and firm. It was not only caring about generating huge amount of power, but
this power generated should also be clean and has no negative effect on the
environment. Renewable energy sources satisfy these conditions. Renewable
energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally
replenished, including sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat and
more. The energy resources which can be used to produce again and again are
known as renewable energy resources.

In this project we will focus on the geothermal energy and will simulate an
example to it. That will be complete by building up heat pumps to provide a heat
for houses during a winter-time using a geothermal energy. We will determine the
high and low pressure and the temperature at different stages to determine the
enthalpies and the COP of the heat pump. Simulation is performed by using EES to
solve the equations and to plot the results.

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Introduction:
Geothermal energy is an innovative way in energy generation• Geothermal energy
is the heat from the earth, Use earth’s heat to power steam turbines or to warm up
hoses and facilities, it has been used since ancient times to heat, and for bathing
through hot spring. Italian in 1904 used the natural steam erupting from earth to
power a turbine generator. Hot spring and volcanoes are visible features of
geothermal energy. Geothermal energy has direct and indirect use. Direct use for
heating and heat pumps as in our case. Indirect use is in electricity production.

we need to build up the heat pumps to provide a heat for houses during a winter
time using a geothermal energy

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Methodology:
EES Code was used to simulate the case to virtual one and generate the data.
P_1=360
P_2=1600
R$='R134a'
{ state1 }
P[1]= P_1
x[1]=1
s[1]=Entropy(R$,P=P[1],x=x[1])
h[1]=Enthalpy(R$,P=P[1],x=x[1])
T[1]=Temperature(R$,P=P[1],x=x[1])
{ state2}
P[2]= P_2
T[2]=70
h[2]=Enthalpy(R$,T=T[2],P=P[2])
s[2]=Entropy(R$,T=T[2],P=P[2])
{ state3 }
P[3]= P_2
x[3]=0
s[3]=Entropy(R$,P=P[3],x=x[3])
h[3]=Enthalpy(R$,P=P[3],x=x[3])
T[3]=Temperature(R$,P=P[3],x=x[3])
{state4}
P[4]= P_2
T[4]=20
s[4]=Entropy(R$,T=T[4],P=P[4])
h[4]=Enthalpy(R$,T=T[4],P=P[4])
{state5}
P[5]= P_1
h[5]=h[4]
s[5]=Entropy(R$,P=P[5],h=h[5])
T[5]=Temperature(R$,P=P[5],h=h[5])
{state6}
P[6]= P_1
x[6]=1
s[6]=Entropy(R$,P=P[6],x=x[6])
h[6]=Enthalpy(R$,P=P[6],x=x[6])
{calculation}
w_input= h[2]-h[1]
q_hotwater=h[2]-h[3]
q_cond= h[3]-h[4]
q_evap=h[1]-h[5]
W_dot_input=0.500 [KJ/s]

m_dot=W_dot_input/w_input

Q_dot_hotwater=m_dot*(h[2]-h[3])
Q_dot_cond=m_dot*( h[3]-h[4])
Q_dot_evap=m_dot*(h[1]-h[5])

COP_hot_water_heater=Q_dot_hotwater/W_dot_input

COP_HP= (Q_dot_hotwater+Q_dot_cond)/W_dot_input

COP=1 +(Q_dot_evap/W_dot_input)

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Mathematical model:

w_input= h2-h1
q_hotwater=h2 - h3
q_cond= h3 – h4
q_evap=h1 - h5
W_dot_input=0.500 [KJ/s]
ṁ =W_dot_input/w_input

Q_dot_hotwater=m_dot*(h2-h3)
Q_dot_cond=ṁ *( h3-h4)
Q_dot_evap=ṁ *( h1-h5)

COP_hot_water_heater=Q_dot_hotwater/W_dot_input

COPHP= (Q_dot_hotwater+Q_dot_cond)/W_dot_input

COPHP=1 +(Q_dot_evap/W_dot_input)

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Results:
we will deal and compare between three different refrigerants:
R134a , R12 , R22

R134a:

P-h diagram:

 h1=253.9
 h2=293.3
 h3=136
 h4=79.44
 h5=79.44

Enthalpy h Values:

COP , ṁ and Q for R134a

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COP changes as T increases from 70oC to 120oC:

R12:
P-h diagram:

 h1=189.6
 h2=216.8
 h3=98.2
 h4=55.64
 h5=55.64

Enthalpy h Values:

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COP, ṁ and Q for R12:

COP changes as T increases from 70oC to 120oC:

R22:
P-h diagram:

Enthalpy h Values:
 h1=401.5
 h2=442.7
 h3=253.2
 h4=224.2
 h5=224.2

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COP , ṁ and Q for R22 :

COP changes as T increases from 70oC to 120oC:

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Heating 100 liters of water from 20oC to 50oC:
Water: ρ = 1000 Kg / m3 ‫ ــــــ‬Cp =4.18 KJ/Kg
 By R134a
ṁ
w* Cp,water ( Tin -Tout ) = ṁfereon (h1 – h5)
ṁ
w * 4.18 (50-20) = 0.01269 (253.9-79.44)
ṁw = 0.0177 Kg/s

ṁw = ρ * Q̇ Q̇= 1.77x10-5 m3/s

Q̇=0.0177 L/s
Time = 100/0.0177 =5650 sec = 1.57 hr

 By R12
ṁ
* Cp,water ( T2 -T1 ) = ṁfereon (h1 – h5)
w
ṁ
w* 4.18 (50-20) = 0.01837 (189.6-55.64)
ṁw = 0.0196 Kg/s

ṁw = ρ * Q̇ Q̇= 1.96x10-5 m3/s

Q̇=0.0196 L/s
Time = 100/0.0196 =5102 sec = 1.42 hr

 By R22
ṁ
* Cp,water ( Tin -Tout ) = ṁfereon (h1 – h5)
w
ṁ
w* 4.18 (50-20) = 0.01214 (401.5-224.2)
ṁw = 0.0172 Kg/s

ṁw = ρ * Q̇ Q̇= 1.72x10-5 m3/s

Q̇=0.0172 L/s
Time = 100/0.0172 =5814 sec = 1.62 hr

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All refrigerants Cop as T changes from 70oC to 120 oC

Discussion:
In this project 3 different types of refrigerants, R-134a , R12 and
R22.
As we see in the above plot. The change in T2 significantly reduce the
COP of heat pump, but at least we can see which refrigerant resists
this effect and change a little bit. At lower temperature R12 is the
most efficient refrigerant, but in case we are exposed to higher
temperature, we will see that R22 is the refrigerant that supply to us
best performance between all types. Higher COP gives less power
consumption or more reliable performance to our system. Executing
this comparison will lead us to chose the best choice according to
our temperature, which is our independent variable.

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Conclusion & Recommendations:

Heat pump is as a device does not produce energy, it requires input

work. Heat pump is a device that provides heat energy from a
source of heat to destination required to be wormed. Our source of
energy is geothermal energy. It represents clean, pure and
renewable source of energy. Caring about the environment and
reduction in usage fossil fuel lighten the path for environmentally
friendly sources of energy, like wind, solar and geothermal energy.
Different types of refrigerant here in our project, gives us different
performance of the system. The right collect or choice of the coolant
will considerably affect the system performance.

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