Background of the project

Prosperity is a basic thrust of the PP2041 (The Perspective Plan 2021-2041) can be achieved facilitated
by effective institutions of governance: a properly functioning judiciary, a citizen centric civil
administration and efficient land management among others.

According to the PP2041 land and urban governance is the priority for up to 2031 while the others will
have to be continued up to 2041 and beyond. There is no scope for slackening effort

At current situation degradation of land and water resources increasingly has the potential to threaten
national and household food security in Bangladesh in future. The growing population of Bangladesh
places stress on decreasing agricultural lands and a waning supply of natural resources. Major concerns
related to degradation include loss of water for agriculture and reallocation to cities and industries,
infrastructure needs, thus reducing land quality in many ways. Cropped land is declining at a rate of
about 1% per year. In addition, regular degradation is occurring due to soil erosion, river erosion, and
soil fertility decline, depletion of soil organic matter, waterlogging, soil salinity, pan formation,
acidification and deforestation. With the growing population demand for food will continue to increase
though there will be relative changes in the composition of food consumption basket as we move up the
income ladder. However, degradation of land and natural resources has the potential to reduce food
supplies, lower agricultural income, increase costs to farmers and consumers, and deterioration of water
catchment functions. So, the issue will not only be to stop/slow down the depletion of natural resources
but also make optimum use of land so that more agricultural products can be produced on lesser
available land.

Bangladesh is currently ranked as one of the most climate-vulnerable country in the world. Some of the
adverse impacts of climate change that the Bangladesh agriculture likely to face in the next decades are
increasing trend in flood, drought, intrusion of saline water, drying up of wetlands due to decrease of
upstream flow and intensification of irrigation, resulting in severe degradation of ecosystems during the
dry season. The locations most threatened by climate change and natural disasters are charlands,
coastal areas, Haor areas, flood plain and drought zones of Bangladesh. Perspective Plan of Bangladesh,
2021-2041 75 There is growing evidence that climate change will become a major threat to Bangladesh’s
aspirations to ensure food security, sustainable development and poverty eradication. Agriculture,
including crops and horticulture, forestry, livestock and fisheries, is the most climate-sensitive sector
which must, therefore, adapt to the impacts of climate change to improve the resilience of food
production systems in order to feed a growing population. Since water is critical to agriculture,
managing our water resources and addressing the vagaries of climate change will have to be co-
integrated national strategies. That remains a major long-term challenge of Bangladesh agriculture and
has been addressed as an integral part of the overall development agenda under the Government’s
Delta Plan 2100. In the moderate scenario posited by the Inter-Governmental Panel for Climate Change
(IPCC), global temperatures are expected to rise by 2°C by 2050 and another 3-4°C by the end of this
century (Figure 6.3). Even under the moderate scenario, the Bangladesh Delta, and particularly its
agriculture, faces severe challenges of falling crop yields, loss of agricultural land, decreasing quality of
aquifer, loss of biodiversity, and extreme weather events, the combined effects of which could seriously
threaten livelihoods of people dependent on agriculture and related occupations.
Considering the increasing demand for food production, it is an essential task to promote optimum land
use and its conservation

Objective of the project:

This document of this project serves as the blueprint for the software development and implementation
of the “Development of web application for GIS database management and visualization”. The design
goals of product are near real-time, high-resolution land use data simulation executed on highly parallel
computing platforms, with well defined, standardconforming interfaces and data structures to interface
and inter-operate with other system models (own by Ministry of Land), and with flexible and friendly
web-based user interfaces for GIS database management and visualization for planned, efficient and
best use of land by its categories in Bangladesh.

Scope of Services

This document covers the design and development of all the web based application software
components. The document focuses primarily on the implementation of the software on a general-
purpose open source system.

According to the ToR, the features will be as follows:

 To develop a web-based platform for systematic storing of all digital mauza maps in
vectorized and imagery formats along with the satellite images
 Maps have to be produced from Ministry of Land database in graduated color and symbol at
Division, District, Upazila, Union/Ward, Mauza and plot levels with names and number
 This web-based GIS application should have the capability of generating a series of reports
along with thematic maps to visualize the extracted summary results from the Mouza
database
 The web-based GIS application must have the facilities of viewing, editing, deleting,
uploading and querying different kinds of spatial and non-spatial data, generating of reports
using spatial database and geo separate window for map, database, chart and graph
 Software shall allow users to export query data to various file formats like XLS, PDF and map
to various file formats like BMP, JPEG, and PDF etc.
 User management system should be present in this web application
 To create different types of interactive dashboard for visualization of land zoning
information as per requirements
 Establish map engine, geo-coding and routing engine to publish in the web
 Develop API services for sharing data to Digital Record Room, E-mutation and LD Tax
platforms etc.
 The web application must be consent with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services
(i.e. Geoprocessing Tools services, Dynamic Map Services etc.)
 To provide training (administrative & user level) on developed software
Division of scope of work:

Scope of Work is divided into the following sub-sections:

a) Architecture and Standard Development

b) Platform and Solution Development
c) Capacity Development
d) Support and Maintenance

Architechture and Platform and

standard Solution
web application for GIS
database management
and visualization
Capacity Support and
Development maintenance

Figure 1

a) Architecture and Standard Development

Domain model

A land use record domain model describes things that are of interest in land use records keeping, their
roles and relationships. Traditionally domain objects are divided into two main categories: actual
business objects (things that are manipulated in business) and real world objects (that the system also
needs to keep track). Domain objects are often called business entities and accordingly the domain
models Entity Relationship (ER) models. An entity is something that has a distinct, separate existence,
although it needs not to be a material existence. Finally, when business activities need information
about business entities they can alternatively be called information entities. The creator as well as
reader of a domain model must be capable of differentiating between an entity as a class (category)
and an entity (instance) as an individual physical member of that class.

Current Bangladesh land use records domain model (Figure 2) can be derived, reverse-engineered or
reconstructed for example from the Khatiyan System of DLRS Settlement Press. Mouzas, khatians and
plots can be uniquely identified on national level, but there is no unique identifier for owners. Only
individual or shared ownership is covered by property rights. Leaseholds, for example, are not recorded.
Khatiyan history is preserved. Plot geometry and location is stored as mouza maps. Between systematic
surveys changes of geometry are recorded in sporadic survey documents.

Figure 1 Reconstruction of current Bangladesh land records domain model

The proposed domain model is an application and extension of the international ISO land administration
domain model (LADM) to Bangladesh circumstances. LADM is an abstract model or general model that
can be used as basis for country specific models, often called country profiles. It provides structure and
ideas, and functions as a checklist, i.e. helps to remember important aspects that must be covered by
the country specific models. In the end each country has to decide how to conceptualize division of
land and water within its boundaries as well as persons’ and organizations’ rights with respect to
these divisions. Figure 7 depicts the basic ISO LADM entities.

Figure 2 Basic entities of ISO LADM

According to ISO LADM a party (e.g. property right holder) has certain right, restriction or responsibility
(RRR) with respect to a basic administrative unit that is associated for example to two spatial units (e.g.
physical parcels). LA_RRR (written in italics) is an abstract entity which has no direct instantiations. Each
basic administrative unit has a unique identifier. The line starting from spatial unit and looping back to it
with a diamond end symbolizes a recursive (repeating) aggregation. In practice this means that a spatial
unit can itself be composed of or include spatial units which can again be composed of spatial units etc.
Basic administrative unit makes it possible to group spatial units, which have the same rights etc.
attached.

For development of the architecture & standard development for spatial database management and
visualization the consultant has been considering enterprise principles, standards, frameworks, artifacts
and best practices

b) Platform and Solution Development

Use case models

Use case descriptions and models are the traditional way of describing how the business and its
processes relate to the system and its applications. A use case can be defined as a particular kind of
sequence of actions where someone uses something in order to get some value or to reach some goal.
Accordingly, a business2application (land administration to landzonning) use case is a particular
sequence of actions where a business actor (land administration officer, property right holder, etc.) uses
an application (land zoning) to reach some goal. Use cases can be derived from operation models. They
more or less correspond to process steps in the diagrams. Use cases are presented in two forms, as use
case diagrams and as individual use case descriptions. Each individual use case description will contain:
1) identifier, 2) name, 3) general description, 4) actors, 5) triggers, 6) pre-conditions, 7) basic and
alternative flows and 8) requirements and validations map. Navigation maps, storyboards and screen
sketches drawn in the application design phase, will draw from and complete the use case descriptions.
Use case descriptions, in turn, can be used as basis for the tests and the user guide. IDLRS use case
descriptions cover in first place the actual mutation process. Deed registration will be covered according
to decisions made by stakeholders.

The following use case diagrams are drafts. Some use case names represent rather the business activity
as such than the actual system use case. Figure 3 shows the most important general use cases. Figure 4
shows the property right holder’s and Sub Registrar’s use case diagram. The first two use cases to be
designed and implemented are submitting a mutation application and tracking the mutation process.
Sub-Registrar’s track mutation process use case extends the basic track mutation process use case.
Figure 3 General use cases
 Figure 3 AC Land officer's use cases

Figure 11 shows the AC Land officer’s use cases and figure 12 Union Land officer’s use cases. The dotted
line around survey use case indicates new activity that must be discussed with the beneficiaries. Can a
new practice of instantaneous survey inside mutation process be introduced? Which organization
should conduct it: union land, AC land or settlement office?

Figure 4 Union Land Officer's use cases

Figure 13 shows settlement officer’s use cases. The question marks in the use case ellipse indicate that
settlement offices role as user of the IDLRS version 1 needs more elaboration.

Figure 5 Settlement officer's use cases

Figure 6 System administrator's use cases

Figure 14 shows system administrator’s use cases. Access rights are managed under user management.