5

Mathematics 5
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Demonstrate Understanding of the
Four Fundamental Operations
Involving Decimals and Ratio and
Proportion
Mathematics – Grade 5
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Demonstrate Understanding of the Four Fundamental
Operations Involving Decimals and Ratio and Proportion
First Edition, 2020

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 5

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Demonstrate Understanding of the
Four Fundamental Operations
Involving Decimals and Ratio and
Proportion
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn!

After going through this module you will be able to identify and
write equivalent ratios. (M5NS-IIi-124)

 If the simplest form of two or more ratios are the same or equal,
then the ratios are equivalent.

 To determine if two or more ratios are equivalent, you can express

them in the simplest form.

 To identify a ratio equal to a given ratio, simply multiply or divide

the numerator and denominator of the given ratio by one counting
number.

 If a given ratio is a multiple of another ratio, the ratios are

equivalent.

1
 Let Us Try!

Write the simplest form of the following ratios in fraction and colon.
Food Frequency of answer

Blue 5

Yellow 20

Red 15

Green 30

Brown 10

Fraction Colon
5 ÷ 5 1
Example: blue to green = 1:6
30 ÷ 5 6

1. blue to yellow ___________ ___________

2. yellow to red ___________ ___________

3. red to green ___________ ___________

4. green to brown ___________ ___________

5. brown to yellow ___________ ___________

2
Lesson Identify and Write
1 equivalent ratios

Let Us Study

How do we know if the two ratios are equivalent?

If the simplest form of two or more ratios are the same or equal, then
the ratios are equivalent.

Example 1:
10 8
25
and 20
Simplifying the ratios:

10 8
For , the GCF is 5 For , the GCF is 4
25 20

GCF Lowest term GCF Lowest term

10 ÷ 5 2 8 ÷ 4 2
= =
25 ÷ 5 5 20 ÷ 4 5

10 2 8 2
The simplest form of is The simplest form of is
25 5 20 5

2
The simplest forms are both equal to . Therefore, the given ratios are
5
equivalent.

8 20
2. and
6 40
Simplifying the ratios
8 20
For , the GCF is 2 For , the GCF is 20
6 40

GCF Lowest term GCF Lowest

term
8 ÷ 2 4
=
20 ÷ 20 1
6 ÷ 2 3 = =
40 ÷ 20 2

8 4
The simplest form of is
6 3 20 1
The simplest form of is
40 2

3
 4 1
The simplest form and , are not equal, the given ratios are not
3 2
equivalent.

Example 2:
1. Determine whether the ratios 240 miles in 3 hours and 480 miles
in 6 hours are equivalent.
240 480
For , the GCF is 3. For , the GCF is 6.
3 6

240 ÷ 3 80 480 ÷ 6 80
= =
3 ÷ 3 1 6 ÷ 6 1

240 80 480 80
The simplest form of is The simplest form of is
3 1 6 1

The ratios are equivalent since their simplest forms are equal.
Example 3:
Use the counting numbers 2, 3, and 5 as a multiplier to make the
ratio equivalent.
1. 2: 5 2. 6:8

Solutions
1. 2:3 2. 6:8

2 𝑥 2 4 6 𝑥 2 12
= 10 4:10 = 16 12:16
5 𝑥 2 8 𝑥 2

2 𝑥 3 6 6 𝑥 3 18
5 𝑥 3
= 15 6:15 8 𝑥 3
= 24 18:24

2 𝑥 5 10 6 𝑥 5 30
5 𝑥 5
= 25 10:25 8 𝑥 5
= 40 30:40

4
 Let Us Practice

Direction: Carefully answer the following problems below.

A. Write Yes if the given ratios are equivalent, No if not equivalent.

6 12
Example: = = YES
8 16

GCF GCF
6 2 3 12 4 3
÷ = ÷ =
8 2 4 16 4 4

3 6 6 1
1. 2
= 4
___ 3. 36
= 6
___

4 13
2. = ___
5 5

B. Use the counting numbers 3, 4, 5 as multiple to make the ratio

equivalent.

Example:

5 3 15 4 20 5 25
1. = = ; = ; =
7 3 21 4 28 5 35

1
2. = _____ _____ _____
5

3
3. = _____ _____ _____
6

5
 Let Us Practice More

Direction: Write E for equivalent ratios, NE if the given ratios are not
equivalent.

3 9 1
Example: , = E (equivalent)
6 18 2

3 ÷ 3 1 9 ÷ 9 1
Solution: =2 =
6 ÷ 3 18 ÷ 9 2

4 18
1. , = ____
6 27

12 1
2. , 2 = _____
24

5 6
3. , = ______
10 8

8 3
4. 4. , = _______
12 6

2 6 4
5. 5. , , 16 = _____
8 24

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 Let Us Remember

When are two ratios equivalent?

 If the simplest form of two or more ratios are the same or equal,
then the ratios are equivalent.

 To determine if two or more ratios are equivalent, you can express

them in the simplest form.

 To identify a ratio equal to a given ratio, simply multiply or divide

the numerator and denominator of the given ratio by one counting
number.

 If a given ratio is a multiple of another ratio, the ratios are

equivalent.

Let Us Assess

Direction: Write the symbol (=) if the given ratios are equivalent.
Write (≠) if not.

1. Catherine bought 10 pencils for Php 112.00. Dianne bought 6 pencils

for Php 30.00.

2. Jerry and John are newspaper vendors. Jerry sold 24 newspapers in

8 days. John sold 27 newspapers in 9 days.

3. 10 compared to 2 is the same as 30 compared to 6.

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 Let Us Enhance

Direction: Use the counting numbers 5, 7, and 9 as a multiplier to

make them equivalent ratios.

1. Example: 3:5= 15:25 21:35 27:45

2. 5:9= _____ ______ _______

3. 7:5= _____ ______ _______

4. 2:9= _____ ______ _______

Let Us Reflect

Direction: Answer this.

1. How do you identify and write equivalent ratios?

2. Make at least 2 examples of equivalent ratios. Show your solution.

8
Lesson Express Ratios in their
2 Simplest Form.

Let Us Learn!

Express ratios in their simplest form. (M5NS-IIi-125)

Ratios in Simplest Form

 Simplifying ratios is just the same as simplifying fractions since

ratios can also be written as fractions.

 To reduce ratios to the simplest form, divide the numerator and

the denominator of each ratio by the greatest common factor

 The term simplest form is the same as the “lowest term” in ratios
and fractions.

 If the numerator and denominator in a given ratio are relatively

prime, then the given ratio is in the simplest form.

Let Us Try!
(Review)

Direction: Write each ratio in colon form and fraction form.

18
Ex. 18 roses to 5 chocolates Fraction: 5
Colon: 18:5
1. 21 girls to 20 boys ___________ __________

2. 12 eggs to 1 chicken ___________ __________

3. 5 apples to 4 oranges ___________ __________

4. 13 bottles to 34 cans ___________ __________

5. 3 bags to 4 baskets ___________ _________

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 Let Us Study
How do we reduce ratios to the lowest terms?
Simplifying ratios is just the same as simplifying fractions since ratios
can be written as fraction or colon.
To reduce ratios in the simplest form, divide the numerator and the
denominator by the greatest common factor (GCF).
The term “simplest form” is the same as “lowest terms” in ratios and
fractions.

Example 1:
GCF Fraction in simplest form colon
16 ÷ 4 4
= 4:5
20 ÷ 4 5
GCF Fraction in simplest form colon
18 ÷ 6 3
= 3:5
30 ÷ 6 5

Example 2:
36 glasses of juice to 30 sandwiches
GCF Fraction in simplest Form Colon
36 ÷ 6 6
= 6:5
30 ÷ 6 5

Let Us Practice

Write SF if the ratio is in simplest form, if not write the simplest

form.
6 6 1
Example: = simplest form
12 6 2

7 45
1. = 4. =
10 55

2. 26:65 = 5. 49:63 =

24
3. =
15

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 Let Us Practice More

Express the following ratios to the simplest form in fraction and

colon.
Example: 6 chairs to 3 tables
GCF Fraction Colon
6 3 2
= 2:1
3 3 1

1. 15 boys to 30 girls ________

2. 5 boxes to 60 oranges ________

3. 30 minutes to 2 hours _______

Let Us Remember

How do you simplify ratio?

 Simplifying ratios is just the same as simplifying fractions since

ratios can also be written as fractions.

 To reduce ratios to the simplest form, divide the numerator and

the denominator by the greatest common factor.

 The term simplest form is the same as the “lowest term” in ratios
and fractions.

 If the numerator and denominator in a given ratio are relatively

prime, then the given ratio is in the simplest form.

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 Let Us Assess

Direction: Write the following ratios to the lowest term in fraction and
colon.

1. 12 flowers to 4 vases
2. 21 garbage to 14 classrooms
3. 8 months to 2 years

Let Us Enhance

Direction: Carefully read, analyze, and solve the given

problem below.

Mrs. Cruz is a vendor. She sells hotcakes. In preparing hotcakes, she

mixes 12 cups of cake flour with 6 cups of water.

a. What is the ratio of the number of cups of cake flour to the number
of cups of water?
b. What is the ratio in simplest form?
c. How many cups of water should Mrs. Cruz mix if she has only 6 cups
of cake flour?
d. How many more cups of water does she need if she has 18 cups of
cake flour?
e. How many cups of flour should she add in case she accidentally
mixes 12 cups of flour with 18 cups of water?

Let Us Reflect

Direction: Answer the following questions below.

1. How do you simplify ratio?

2. Make at least 3 examples of simplifying ratios to lowest terms.

12
 13
Let Us Let Us Assess
Enhance
Fraction Colon
12
a. d. 9 3
6 1. 3:1
1
2 3
b. e. 24 2. 3:2
1 2
4
c. 3 3. 4:1
1
Let Us Practice Let Us Let Us Try
More Practice
Fraction Colon
Fraction Colon 21
1 1. SF 1 21:20
1. 1:2 20
2 2. SF
1 8 12
2. 1:12 3. 2. 12:1
12 5 1
15 9
3. 15:1 4. 5
1 11 3. 5:4
7 4
5. 13
9 4. 13:34
34
3
5. 3:4
4
Module 8, Lesson 2
Let Us Enhance Let Us Assess
1. Answer
1. ≠
2. 25:45 , 35:63 , 45:81
2. =
3. 35:25 , 49:35 , 63:45
3. =
4. 10:45 , 14:63 , 18:81
Let Us Practice Let Us Try
Let Us
Practice More A.
Fraction Colon
1. Yes
2. No 1
1. E 1. 1:4
3. Yes 4
2. E 4
3. NE B. 2. 4:3
3
4. NE 1. Answer 1
3 4 5 3. 1:2
5. E 2. , , 2
15 20 25 3
9 12 15 4. 3:1
3. , , 1
18 24 30 1
5. 1:2
2
Lesson 1
Answer Key
 References

Lumbre, A. et al. (2016). 21st Century MATHletes: Ratios in Simplest Forms.

Number Relations.Republic of the Philippines. Vibal Group

Lumbre, A. et al. (2016). 21st Century MATHletes: Equivalent Ratios.

Number Relations.Republic of the Philippines. Vibal Group

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