NAME: EQUIDA ANGEL V.

SUBJECT: THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

COURSE & SECTION: BS-CRIM 2J DATE: DEC. 24, 2021

CHAPTER 6

CAUSES OF CRIME

CRIME

An act that is damaging, detrimental, or injurious to society's standards; in its sociological

sense, it is an unsuitable conduct. A crime occurs when someone violates the law, or acts
against a person or society, and as a result, they lose something or are physically harmed.
Criminal activities include murder, auto theft, resisting arrest, illicit drug possession or
distribution, public nudity, drunk driving, and bank robbery. Crime is a long-standing
tradition that dates back to the start of humanity. Felonies and misdemeanors are terms
that are widely used to classify crimes according to their severity.

ANGER

It's a deep sensation of bitterness and discontent. It's also a rather common emotion that
virtually all of us will experience at some time in our lives. It comes naturally when we
discover something is incorrect, something we don't like, or anything that offends us. The
frequency of rageful outbursts is determined by an individual's temperament. Some
individuals quickly grow annoyed and enraged. Psychopaths may benefit from sharing
their inner sentiments as well. Anger may be conveyed in numerous ways.

CONTENMENT

It is essential to long-term enjoyment. Many people are only motivated by a desire to gain
financial gain. It's not that man shouldn't strive for a better life; yet, as we all know, even
the results of hard work aren't always predictable and may fall short of our expectations. A
person deficient in the spirit of calm loses his or her peace of mind and gets worried or
disturbed under such circumstances. Contentment is a characteristic that keeps a person
happy and cheery in any situation.

DEMONIC POSSESSION

According to the Bible, demons are real spiritual beings that may take control of people
from inside. However, many others are wary of the concept. Despite the ridicule, numerous
witnesses have stated that they witnessed the incident.
OFFENSE

A person accused of committing a crime might employ a variety of defenses, such as

denying the prohibited action or claiming unable to commit the offense. To further
understand the notion of criminal culpability, consider any three of the following defenses:
automatism, insanity, self-defense, drunkenness, or duress. People accused of illegal action
can employ a range of defenses, including denial of the prohibited act and defenses based
on a lack of competency to demonstrate criminal intent. Regardless of whether
drunkenness, self-defense, or insanity is claimed as a defense, the accused must face the
allegations.

FELONY

When a person violates a country's laws, he may be labeled a criminal and subjected to
punishment. To assist our law enforcement officers, we have different laws for different
offenses. For example, burglary and homicide are two different crimes. A felony is a crime
that results in a year or more of confinement or imprisonment, whereas a misdemeanor is
a criminal that ends in less than a year of confinement or imprisonment. As a result, violent
crimes like homicide, abduction, and rape are categorized as felonies, albeit the length of
the sentence or the amount of time spent in jail varies depending on the circumstances.

DELINQUENCY/ MINDEMEANOR

It is a crime, particularly when done by a juvenile. A juvenile becomes an adult between the
ages of 15 and 18, depending on the nation of origin; however, for murder and other
serious crimes, the age is frequently reduced. Delinquency is defined as behavior that is
antithetical to social, legal, or moral norms; it frequently refers to actions that would be
unlawful if carried out by an adult. It's not to be confused with a status offense, which
refers to behaviors that are criminal when committed by a juvenile but not when
committed by an adult in the US and other national legal systems. Juvenile justice and
juvenile court are equivalent terms.

Biblical
The evil nature of man is the root of crime. Some sins are dealt with by the family, while
others are dealt with by the church, and still others are dealt with by God himself. The
ancient Sumerians thought that all illnesses of the body and mind were caused by "Sickness
Demons."

Catholicism
However, they are just supplementary goals, not grounds. According to Catholic theology,
retribution is the fundamental and acceptable objective of punishment.
CAUSES OF CRIME DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

The Middle Ages were a time when people were brutally punished and tortured for minor
offenses. People were beheaded and had their limbs removed, while vagrants were
tortured and chained in stocks on a regular basis. The Catholic Church also used torture to
get confessions from victims, whether they were guilty or not. The citizens of medieval
cities had a thorough understanding of how punishment was carried out since they were
regularly present during it. If a man is found guilty of rape, manslaughter, or robbery, he
will be hung in a cage so that the people can see him suffer. Torture was routinely
displayed in front of the general population. While murderers were routinely executed, the
majority of minor medieval misdeeds were punished by the perpetrator being publicly
humiliated.

BORN CRIMINALS

Believing that evil is inherited and that offenders may be reformed Physical traits such as
hawk-like noses and bloodshot eyes aid in identifying them. Lombroso believed that
criminality was inherited and that physical characteristics might be used to categorize
offenders as atavistic or barbarous. A slanting brow, exceptionally wide ears, asymmetry of
the face, excessive length of limbs, asymmetry of the skull, dark complexion, and other
"physical stigmata" were among the anatomical traits that Lombroso suggested may help
identify the "Born Criminal.

CRIMINAL BY PASSION

A crime of passion is one done while the perpetrator is consumed by desire and has little
time to consider what is happening and what the perpetrator is about to do. Because he
acted in the heat of passion, a husband who finds his wife in bed with a lover and fights and
kills the lover in a blind rage may not be charged with murder. According to him, they're
also extremely affectionate and tend to feel a great deal of regret following a crime. Many of
them, he alleges, try to kill themselves. Grief, politics, or the murder of a child can all serve
as catalysts for criminal behavior

GREAT EMOTIONS

There are many lovely feelings and thoughts in our world. Understanding such positive
emotions is vital for everyone. If you want to live a happy and satisfied life, positive feelings
are one of the most crucial things to have in your life.
PASSIVE ANGER

This conduct comprises acting indirectly antagonistic rather than outright violently.
Passively aggressive people typically delay, grieve, or act obstinately in response to
requests or demands from family and others.

AGGRESSIVE ANGER

Is a personality characteristic that involves using coercion or force, such as a planned

attack, to dominate or control others. It's usually driven by dissatisfaction and can be rude,
cruel, or harmful. As they grow up, their circumstances may have an impact on
psychopaths' deviant behavior. Lack of parental affection or severe parental rejection
might be at the basis of influence adjustment problems. Inconsistencies in discipline, as
well as parents' inability to teach children about their duties, may play a role in the
development of psychopathy.

INSANE CRIMINAL

Is a personality attribute defined by the use of compulsion or force to control or master

others (such as in a premeditated attack). It is frequently driven by rage and can be harsh,
unpleasant, or dangerous. Psychopaths' abnormal conduct may be influenced by the
environment in which they grow up. Influence adjustment issues may result from a lack of
parental bonding or substantial parental rejection. Discipline inconsistency, as well as
parents' inability to teach children about their obligations, may contribute to the
development of psychopathy.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

They are frequently considered taboo in our society. Many people face derision and/or
social rejection from their peers because they have been diagnosed with a mental
condition. This is mostly due to a lack of awareness of the origins and repercussions of the
situation. Many of those who complain about those suffering from mental diseases may find
themselves and their behavior classified as such.

NEURO DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

The existence of a person is distinguished by a dynamic interaction of genetic, neurological,

cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes. Neurodevelopmental diseases are a type of
sickness that occurs as a result of a disruption in the neurological development process,
resulting in long-term developmental abnormalities.
BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDER

They commonly encounter a frazzled-haired person with a wild-eyed look. Part of this is
due to the media's portrayal of Bipolar and mental illness. It is a condition characterized by
alternating symptoms of mania/hypomania and depression. The degree and duration of
hypomania symptoms, as well as the severity and pattern of any depressive symptoms, are
utilized to diagnose hypomania. The word bipolar comes from the fact that symptoms
alternate between manic and depressed periods, with depression episodes being more
noticeable.

MANIA

Extreme energy or mood swings have been linked to bipolar illness. People's moods and
energy levels fluctuate during the day and over time. Mania, on the other hand, is a
substantial change in a person's thoughts or behavior that might endure for weeks or
months.

ANXIETY DISORDERS

Is a common issue that everyone will experience at some time in their lives. When
confronted with a challenging situation or ready to start on a new and exciting experience,
a person may get apprehensive. Mild anxiety is not only natural, but it may also be useful
since it causes people to become more aware and concentrated when presented with a
challenging situation

AGORAPHOBIA

This aversion to open areas exists as well. It's a common fear that impacts a significant
number of individuals. Many people associate agoraphobia with a fear of open spaces and
public places, although this is only one facet of the disorder. If you are scared of shopping,
crowds, public areas, or traveling by train, plane, or bus, you may be suffering from
agoraphobia. It's the sense of approaching disaster.
 CHAPTER 7

TYPES OF CRIMINAL ACCORDING TO GAROFALO

In my perspective, natural crime is defined as action that causes harm to others. He

declared himself an outspoken opponent of the idea of free choice while doing so.
According to what I've heard, Raffaele Garofalo wants everyone to have equal rights and
respect one another, resulting in peace in our country. He attempted to develop a cultural
definition of crime that would indicate the kind of actions that may be permitted. The
establishment of a natural criminal theory that violated the two primary altruistic impulses
that everyone has, namely, probity and piety, was his most significant achievement. Violent
and property offences are segregated in the approach.

ANOMALIES

Anomalies are events that differ from the predictions of economic or financial models,
casting doubt on the models' underlying assumptions. Major abnormalities are structural
changes in the body that have major medical, surgical, social, or aesthetic consequences for
the individual afflicted and, in most cases, need medical intervention. A few instances are
spina bifida, anencephaly, heart issues, and orofacial clefts.

MURDER

Murder or homicide is the deliberate killing of a person. A murderer is a person who

murders another person without their consent. Also, killing for petty retribution, such as
murdering someone who has stolen money. As a consequence, I deduce that murder was
made a crime because it was deemed harmful to society's well-being. Murder is also
defined as the intentional death of another person for no valid cause, especially when done
with malice aforethought. This state of mind may distinguish murder from other sorts of
unlawful murders, such as manslaughter, depending on the jurisdiction.

THOSE WHO ARE SATISFIED FROM VEGEANCE/REVENGE

Even if we don't like to acknowledge it, revenge is one of those powerful emotions that
every human being experiences. Finally, revenge is defined as the act of punishing those
who commit wrongdoings or crimes in order to ensure that justice is served. Experts
investigating the brain circuitry that permits retribution say either can be true, depending
on who you are and where you are. Vengeance might act as a reminder to others that you
are not to be taken lightly if you want to acquire authority. If you live in a culture where the
rule of law is weak, revenge is an excellent way to maintain order. However, revenge comes
at a price. Instead of supporting you in moving on with your life, psychologists have shown
that it may cause you to become obsessed on the problem and miserable.
VIOLENT CRIMINAL

Violent criminals are those who have done violent acts. When an offender or perpetrator
uses or threatens to use harmful force against a victim, it is referred to as a violent crime,
violent felony, crime of violence, or crime of a violent nature. During a violent crime, a
victim is hurt or threatened with harm. Violent crimes include such things as rape, sexual
assault, robbery, assault, and murder. Harassment is against the law in and of itself, and if it
becomes violent, the individual or company can be sued. Examples include acts of violence
and sexual harassment.

THE OPPORTUNIST

Opportunist acts are those that are motivated by self-interest, in my perspective.

Furthermore, it is a deliberate policy and practice of exploiting situations with little
concern for morals or the impact on others. So, an opportunist is someone who seeks for
ways to get an edge in any situation or circumstance. An opportunist is someone who likes
committing crimes. Opportunism is the act of exploiting events and others for selfish
benefit, regardless of the consequences. Taking up residence with a deceased person's
widow is a prime example of opportunism. Opportunists are individuals who act in this
way.

TEAM THIEVES

Criminals are classified in a variety of ways by criminologists. Property crimes include

burglary, larceny, motor theft, and arson. The unauthorized stealing of another person's
property with the intent of permanently depriving him or her of it is characterized as theft.
Two examples are carjacking and Grand Theft Auto. Depending on how and why the
behavior happened, it may be prosecuted as a misdemeanor or a felony.

THE PROFESSIONALS

Criminal acts committed by individuals whose primary source of income and employment
is criminal activity. Professional criminals have the skills and means to commit crimes and
specialize in a certain form of crime, such as stealing or swindling. Professional crime has
its own culture and way of thinking. Syndicates, or organized groupings of professional
criminals, are becoming larger and more powerful. Drug trafficking, abduction for ransom,
extortion, art theft, smuggling, and operating vice dens are all things they're in charge of.
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

A property crime is one done with the goal to earn money, property, or some other benefit.
Property crimes may be divided into two types: those that cause property damage and
those that cause property theft. Property damage is caused by arson or vandalism. Property
theft includes robbery and embezzlement. Theft or damage to a victim's property without
the use or threat of force is described as property crime. Property crimes include robbery,
theft, vandalism, and arson.

HATE CRIMES

Invoking prejudices against individuals or objects based on their race, gender, or gender
identity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. It's sometimes referred to as a
bias offense or a prejudice offense. A racially motivated crime is often violent when a
criminal targets a victim based on his or her membership in a specific social group or race.
It also includes criminal behaviors that appear to be motivated by prejudice towards one or
more of the above identified social groups or their descendants. Just a few examples
include physical violence, property damage, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse or insults,
mate crime, and offensive graffiti or messages.

THRILL SEEKING

Many of these hate acts are driven by a child's need for thrills and drama. Consider a group
of bored and drunk teenagers focused on wreaking havoc in their neighborhoods. Many of
these crimes, according to experts, are committed for the pleasure of the perpetrators, and
the victims are prey merely because their sexual, racial, ethnic, gender, or religious
backgrounds differ from those of the perpetrators. The majority of perpetrators feel that
society is uncaring about the victims, or, worse, that society would cheer their crime.

DEFENSIVE

Hate crime perpetrators believe they are defending their territory, which might be their
home, employment, religion, or nation. Unlike thrill seekers, who enter adjacent areas and
assault without notice, "defenders" target specific victims and justify their actions by
arguing that they must keep dangers at bay. They are typically precipitated by a single
incident, such as the relocation of a Muslim or black family to a new area. The "defenders,"
like thrill-seekers, have little or no remorse for their actions and believe that the majority,
if not all, of society is on their side, yet they are hesitant to interfere.

RETALIATORY

Whether in response to a personal insult, other hate crimes, or terrorism, hate crimes are
typically portrayed as acts of retribution. Even if the victims had no participation, the
"Avengers," who usually act alone, target members of the ethnic, cultural, or religious
group they believe committed the crime. They simply want to revenge the victim and are
willing to go to the victim's location to do it.
MISSION OFFENDERS

These are the most lethal and unusual types of hate crimes. Crusaders are those who
perpetrate crimes, generally for racial or religious reasons. Their goal was to conduct total
war on individuals of different races and ideologies. They are typically linked with
organizations that share their racist ideas. Offenders compose lengthy manifestos
explaining their principles and feel the system is rigged against them, which allows them to
rationalize committing heinous crimes against innocent people.
 CHAPTER 8

TOP CAUSES OF CRIME

Every day, the message comprises a range of various types of crime reports, which are an
essential component of today's events. Every day, people contribute to crime. The
offensive's popularity has skyrocketed over the world.

WEAKNESS

Weakness is defined as a decrease of strength in one or more muscles. Many people use the
term weakness to refer to tiredness, weariness, a lack of energy, or fatigue, even if this isn't
entirely correct. I have the same flaws as everyone else, but one of mine is a lack of
confidence in myself. When I'm in a position to make a decision, I generally make educated
guesses.

THE LACK OF FAITH

Not believing strongly enough in the power of one's own internal weapons as a demon-
fighting tool, such as courage, love, patience, mercy, and honesty, among others. Because
inner resources are distrusted, there is no drive to change.

IMBALANCE

No one is flawless because of the mismatch between the idealist spirit and human nature.
This prayer is frequently performed in attempt to justify human faults that may have been
avoided.

POOR JUDGEMENT

Poor judgment is also demonstrated when people believe they can get away with
something even though they know it is wrong. If you don't get caught, you can get away
with anything.

LACK OF LOVE

There is such a thing as unconditional love. The lack of love is the outcome of the
conditions we have created for love. We spend our entire lives in the midst of other
people's affection. We want to find genuine love, and we hope that this incredible love will
alter our life.
POVERTY

Poverty may be characterized as a situation in which a family's basic necessities, such as

food, housing, clothes, and education, are not met. As a result, additional issues such as
poor reading skills, substantial unemployment, malnutrition, and so on may occur.

DEPRIVED NEIGHBORHOOD

Many people are constrained to reside in places where they would prefer participate in
unlawful activities due to a lack of social amenities and pleasures offered to the more
affluent. The desire for equality in all areas is critical to eradicating the prejudice,
discrimination, and favoritism that many individuals in poor neighborhoods encounter. It
has the feel of a neighborhood. The expression of these emotions is crucial to the attempt.
People in these places now have one less motivation to commit crimes, and they are more
likely to pursue a criminal career than they were before these feelings were eliminated.
Criminal thoughts are bred in economically depressed areas.

BEING A VICTIM IN A CHAIN OF EVENTS

A compelling reason can sometimes persuade people who do not want to harm others to do
so. This is not being reported as fact due to a series of events over which they have no
control or effect. Individuals, especially those who have been raised in a nurturing
environment, should view this as a cause rather than an excuse. They come from broken
homes and don't live a disciplined life.
POOR PARENTING SKILLS

A child's growth may be hampered by having terrible parents. Parents are the primary educators of
their children. They are a child's first teacher, and the lessons they impart are crucial. It's difficult to
teach a child to do the right thing when both parents are always wrong. This is because individuals
get into the habit of doing the wrong thing, which is counterproductive. A family may be whole, but
a parent's inability to lead their children is not. A lack of appropriate direction for children leads to
misguided children who are easily persuaded by vices such as prostitution and criminality.