CP 55 1991 and CP 578 2012 Use-And-maintenance-Of-fire-extinguishers

UPDATE ON
SINGAPORE STANDARD
SS 578 : 2012
USE AND MAINTENANCE OF
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
CHANGES TO THE STANDARD:
SS CP 55 : 1991
Code of Practice for
Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Extinguishers
Replaced by:
SS 578 : 2012
Code of Practice for
Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Extinguishers
MAIN CHANGES MADE IN THE REVISION
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
IN SS CP 55, DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRES

WERE CLASSIFIED INTO CLASSES A, B, C & D.
CLASS A – Ordinary combustible materials
CLASS B – Flammable liquids and flammable gases
CLASS C – Live electrical equipment
CLASS D – Combustible metals
SS 578 DEFINES CLASSES OF FIRES

ACCORDING TO THE MATERIAL
UNDERGOING COMBUSTION.
ELECTRICITY ITSELF DOES NOT BURN.
HENCE THE STANDARD DOES NOT DEFINE
A PARTICULAR CLASS OF FIRE
INVOLVING AN ELECTRICAL RISK.
A NEW CLASS ‘F’ FIRE IS INTRODUCED
FOR FIRES INVOLVING COOKING MEDIA
IN KITCHEN APPLIANCES.
SS CP 55 SS 578
• Class A – Ordinary combustible • Class A – Ordinary combustible

materials materials
• Class B – Flammable liquids & • Class B – Flammable liquids
gases
• Class C – Flammable gases
• Class C – Live electrical
• Class D – Combustible metals
equipment
• Class F – Cooking media
• Class D – Combustible metals
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY HAZARDS
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY HAZARDS:

REMAINS THE SAME AS IN CP 55 EXCEPT THAT THE
AMOUNT OF CLASS B FLAMMABLES PRESENT IN THE
AREA IS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.
LOW HAZARD – normal Class A combustibles present e.g.
offices, classrooms, etc. with Class B flammables < 5 litres
MEDIUM HAZARD – showrooms, car parks, light industry, etc.
with Class B flammables >5 litres < 20 litres.
HIGH HAZARD – exhibition areas, wood-working, warehouses
etc. with Class B flammables > 20 litres.
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
HAZARDS
SS CP 55 SS 578
 Low Hazard – amount of  Classification remains the

combustibles & flammable same, but the amount of
liquids present – small flammable liquids present
fires expected. in the room or area is
quantified.
 Medium Hazard – fires of
moderate size expected  Low Hazard – < 5 litres
 Medium Hazard – >5 <20

 High Hazard – fires of litres
severe magnitude
expected  High Hazard – > 20 litres
SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
SS CP 55 SS 578
 Selection by anticipated class of fire  Selection by anticipated class of fire

 Choice of extinguishing medium,  Choice of extinguishing medium
water, foam, CO2, dry powder, water, foam, CO2, dry powder,
halon 1301 & 1211 wet chemical & clean agent
 Class A fires:  Class A fires:

 water types  water types
 multi-purpose dry powder types  multi-purpose dry powder types
 halon types  clean agent types
 foam types  foam types
SS CP 55 SS 578
Class B fires: Class B fires:

 powder types  powder types
 halon types  clean agent type
 CO2  CO2
 mechanical foam (AFFF)  mechanical foam (AFFF)
SS CP 55 SS 578
Class C fires: Class C fires:

(Live electrical equipment) (Flammable gases)
 halon types  clean agent types
 CO2  CO2
 powder types  powder types
Fires in live electrical equipment:

 clean agent, CO2, powder types
(must be marked as suitable for
use on live electrical equipment)
SS CP 55 SS 578
Class D fires: Class D fires:

 types approved for use on  types approved for use on
specific combustible metal specific combustible metal
hazards hazards
Cooking media fires: Class F fires: (cooking media)

 powder types  Class F rated extinguishers
 halon types
DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
SS CP 55 SS 578
CLASS A FIRE CLASS A FIRE

 Table 1 – removed
 Table 1 gives minimum sizes for
 Low hazard: min 13A
use on the various classification
of occupancy hazards – ranging  Medium hazard: min 21A
in rating from 3A to 55A  High hazard: min 34A
 Low hazard: 1A covered 40 m2
 Medium hazard: 1A – 20 m2  A unit of ‘A’ can cover 15 m2
 High hazard: 1A – 15 m2 regardless of hazard classification
 Max travel distance – 15 m for all
occupancy hazard classification
DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
SS CP 55 SS 578
CLASS B FIRE CLASS B FIRE

(Fires in flammable liquids of non- (Fires in flammable liquids of non-
appreciable depth) appreciable depth)
 Class B fires (low hazard) – min  Class B fires (low hazard) – min
extinguisher size – 8B with max extinguisher size – 21B with max
travel distance of 3 m travel distance of 5 m
DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS CP 55
CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF NON-APPRECIABLE DEPTH

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS 578
CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF NON-APPRECIABLE DEPTH

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS CP 55
CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF APPRECIABLE DEPTH
CLASS B RATED EXTINGUISHERS TO BE PROVIDED:

• 34B for surface area not exceeding 0.5 sq.m
• 70B for surface area not exceeding 1 sq.m
• Travel distance from hazard to nearest extinguisher < 7m.
TO DETERMINE MINIMUM PROVISION OF EXTINGUISHERS:

BASED ON SURFACE AREA OF CONTAINERS
a) EACH ROOM OR ENCLOSURE TO BE CONSIDERED SEPERATELY
b) FIRE RISKS MORE THAN 20M APART – CONSIDER SEPERATELY
c) FIRE RISKS WITHIN 20m OF ANOTHER FIRE RISK – ASSESSED AS
UNDIVIDED GROUP (i.e. containers less than 2m apart) OR DIVIDED
GROUPS (i.e. containers more than 2m but less than 20m apart)

CLASS F - FIRES INVOLVING FATS AND COOKING OILS

INSTALLATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
SS CP 55 SS 578
 Extinguishers to be  Gross weight < 4 kg

installed installed such that carrying
such that the carrying handle is not more than 1.2 m
handle is not more above the floor
than 1.5 metres
above the floor  Gross weight > 4 kg
installed such that carrying
handle is not more than 1 m
above the floor
MOUNTING HEIGHT OF EXTINGUISHERS:
Max. 1.2m
for gross
wt.< 4 kg Max. 1m
for gross
wt. > 4 kg
FLOOR LEVEL
SS 578
EXTINGUISHERS MANUFACTURED
TO MEET SS EN 3 STANDARD:
CYLINDER: RED COLOUR
SHOULD HAVE A COLOUR BAND TO
IDENTIFY THE EXTINGUISHING
MEDIUM CONTAINED IN THE
EXTINGUISHER
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE?
SS 578
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
This manual or phamplet
to give brief instructions
on use and maintenance.
Each new extinguisher
shall be provided with a
manual.
THANK YOU

CP 55 1991 and CP 578 2012 Use-And-maintenance-Of-fire-extinguishers

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UPDATE ON

IN SS CP 55, DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRES

SS 578 DEFINES CLASSES OF FIRES

• Class A – Ordinary combustible • Class A – Ordinary combustible

CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY HAZARDS

CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY HAZARDS:

 Low Hazard – amount of  Classification remains the

 Medium Hazard – >5 <20

SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

 Selection by anticipated class of fire  Selection by anticipated class of fire

 Class A fires:  Class A fires:

SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Class B fires: Class B fires:

SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Class C fires: Class C fires:

Fires in live electrical equipment:

SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Class D fires: Class D fires:

Cooking media fires: Class F fires: (cooking media)

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CLASS A FIRE CLASS A FIRE

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CLASS B FIRE CLASS B FIRE

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS CP 55

CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF NON-APPRECIABLE DEPTH

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS 578

CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF NON-APPRECIABLE DEPTH

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS CP 55

CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF APPRECIABLE DEPTH

CLASS B RATED EXTINGUISHERS TO BE PROVIDED:

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS 578

CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF APPRECIABLE DEPTH

TO DETERMINE MINIMUM PROVISION OF EXTINGUISHERS:

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS 578

CLASS B FIRES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OF APPRECIABLE DEPTH

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SS 578

CLASS F - FIRES INVOLVING FATS AND COOKING OILS

INSTALLATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

 Extinguishers to be  Gross weight < 4 kg

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