ABMSP’S

ANANTRAO PAWAR COLLEGE OF ACHITECTURE, PUNE.

ANALYSIS OF COURTYARD SPACE IN

ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE.

For Partial Fullfilment of Architectural Course

Fourth Year Bachelor of Architecture

Student Name
Jayant Kisan Dhumal

Subject Coordinator
Prof. Sunil Kumar Bhosale

Faculty Guide
Prof. Almas Mirshikari

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

STAMP
 ANALYSIS OF COURTYARD SPACE IN
ARCHITECTURAL INSTUTUTE

Jayant Kisan Dhumal

Fourth Year B.Arch , APCOA

Email : jdp73501810@gmail.com
Research Guide : Prof . Almas Mirshikari

ABSTARCT
Courtyard designs were prevalent in India and around the world for ages because of
their utility as a climate modifier, a space for social interaction and a connecting area for the
entire structure. This study explores the benefits of courtyard and their relevance in the
Architectural Institute. The survey questionaries aims to know the users perceptions of the
courtyard designs such as spatial, environmental and behavioral aspects. The data is analyzed
across various parameters of courtyard design such as thermal comfort, natural light, visual
connection, privacy, security, activities etc. The result shows the people like courtyards
because they provide thermal comfort during summer, natural light, privacy, visual
connection, space for daily and seasonal activities.
This paper recommends design for courtyards based on the literature review and the analysis
of the users perception.

KEYWORDS

Courtyard, Comfort, Ventilation, Development Space.

INTRODUCTION
The application of the courtyard as an architectural design element in buildings is not
uncommon to architects. The courtyard is a universal design element which has been put into
practice long ago. This is perhaps due to the numerous benefits of the courtyard. The use of
the courtyard as an architectural design element is adaptable to almost all building typologies
in all the climatic zones due to its passive tendencies for low energy consumption in
buildings. It has social, cultural, religious, and environmental usage. Courtyards are the
connection points between the buildings constituting the focal point of the design center, and
the users. The use of courtyards in college buildings as circulation areas leads to the
formation of main social areas. In the courtyard usage in many college buildings, the
approach of courtyard design connecting the corridors to classrooms are preferred. The use of
courtyards in college buildings for educational activities plays an increasingly important role
in the awareness of environmental education. The courtyards in buildings affect the
development of heat condition that they surround, provide adequate and efficient ventilation
together with shading means, and consequently, comfort level of the courtyards is enhanced
with the natural ventilation action created in the courtyards in building.
There are many reasons for considering places that affect the personal development
and growth processes of the young people in the environmental design approaches.
Therefore, it is important to define the physical fields facilitating the development of
students. Thus, the students will gain the opportunity of having fun together with both their
peers and different groups, and consequently they will improve their skills and gain the
ability of problem solving. When the students are considered in terms of psychological and
social aspects, it was seen that the young people who feel themselves happy and in comfort
are able to establish social communication and get motivated to their lives more easily.
Therefore, the psychosocial needs of adolescents must be determined, and activities in the
courtyard areas, which are intended for their needs, must be provided more often.

AIM

To Analyze the use of Couryard Space in Architectural Institute.

OBJECTIVES
1. To study the use of Courtyard Space.
2. To study whether the multiple use of Courtyard affects the Light.

METHODOLOGY

The research was conducted with the sequential exploratory methods, which involved
qualitative method followed by quantitative method. Data were collected from observations,
focused interviews, and textual and visual documents.

1. Primary Data Collection.

2. Secondary Data Collection.
3. Case Study
4. Content Analysis Method

LIMITATIONS

1. For the time constraint only two cases are studied as a part of Case study.
2. The site surrounding is not taken into considerations.
OBSERVATIONS

1. Orientation of Building
2. Location of Courtyard
3. Surrounding of Building
4. Surrounding of Courtyard
5. Activities in Courtyard
6. Use of Courtyard
7. Features of Courtyard

CASE STUDIES

Case Study 1

Allana College Of Architecture , Pune

Location : Swarget , Pune.
Surrounding : College is Surrounded With 20-25 years old trees.
Material : Polished Cotta Stone.

Case Study 2

Bharti Vidyapeeth College Of Architecture, Pune.

Location : Dhankawadi, Pune.
Surrounding : College is surrounded by open space and medium rise 10-12 year old trees.
RESULTS

The findings obtained in the study contain (i) how the young people studying at Architectural
Institute utilize the campus area (ii) expectation of the users of the Faculty of Forestry
building (academic, administrative staff, landscape architecture, forest industry engineering
student, forest engineering student) from the courtyard, and (iii) visual evaluations of the
studies intended for the use of courtyard that contain different functional usages (for living,
exhibition and visual purposes).

The question regarding what kind of areas they want for meeting the recreational needs in the
campus area was replied by the students saying that they want recreation area, as their first
preference (26%); sitting area as their second preference (28%), sports fields and eating-
drinking areas as their third preference (20%)
30

25
Frist preference
20
Second preference
15
Third preference
10
5

0
a b c d e f

With the question of ‘where do you spend your most time, apart from the classrooms’, it was
ascertained that the students’ first preference is canteen (35.33%), second preference is sitting
area (42%), and third preference is green area (43.33%). The other preferences are very close
to each other, and they vary
50

40
Frist preference
30 Second preference
Third preference
20

10

0
a b c d e f
The question of ‘which aesthetic features do you want at the forefront in the planting designs
made in the open green areas of the campus area of Institute’, replies of the students were as
follows, in order of priorities; 42.66% harmony, 29.35% color, 10% fragrance, 6% stress, 6%
balance, 3.33% tissue, and 2.66% contrast.

Visual evaluations for the use of the courtyard (for sitting-purpose, exhibition purpose,
visual purpose) containing different functional usages:

For the courtyard in Institute, landscape design were prepared, which have 3 different
functional features (seating area, exhibition area, and visual area), each of which contains 3
different design approaches (closed, semi-closed, open) . The most important point paid
attention in the institute is that the concept of closed means intensive planting, intensive hard
surface applications, and the use of closed places; the concept of semi-closed means the
preference of less intensive usages; and the concept of openness means less planting
application and less hard surface usages.

ANALYSIS
Courtyard plays an important role in an Educational building complex with respect to
Lighting Design & Other activities.
The hard paved area is preferable in Moderate climate.
The landscaped courtyard disturbs the light reflection.
The courtyard features wont affect the Lighting condition more than 27%.
Depending on season, Courtyard plays main role to maintain the Comfort.
Features like light shelves incorporate the daylight inside the building.

CONCLUSION
Various results were obtained in this study, in which the visual evaluations made by the
students and the other users (academic and administrative staff) on the courtyard projects, as
well as the satisfaction with the campus area of the institute were investigated. The fact that
the expectations of the students from the institute campus and their open area requirements
show parallelism with the analyses intended for the courtyard show parallelism with
emphasis on that the use of open green areas would provide multi-directional participation to
the psychological developments of the people.. It was revealed that the classic courtyard-like
outdoor places, whose characteristics and standards were discussed in the design approaches,
provide people with a psychological confidence. It was emphasized that the institute having
this type of courtyards create the sense of ownage in the society, and form a visual focal point
in the indoor environments. With this study carried out, expectations of the students from the
building of educational institute were questioned, besides their expectations from the
university. When we look at the answers of the open-ended questions and the answers, the
students, more than anything, need places where they can be socialized and have fun with
their friends. These needs are followed by 9.09% sitting areas, 7.57% sports fields, 6.06%
eating and drinking area, and 1.51% water element When we look at the students’ most
preferred activity type for the open green areas in the campus, we see that they consists of the
chatting, eating and drinking, sports activity, and entertainment criteria, according to the
variance analysis.
Eventually, it was seen that the students want to spend their spare time in quality recreational
areas. It was ascertained that the students prefer the areas where they can have fun, carry out
sports activities, and chat, instead of the urban equipments used in the recreational areas. As a
result, it was recommended that the places intensively used by the students should contain
greater and more recreational activities.

REFRENCES
* Eirini Tsianaka, “The Role of Courtyards in Relation to Air Temperature of Urban
Dwellings in Athens”, Published in proceedings of PLEA 2006, The 23rd Conference on
Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September 2006.
* Aldawoud, A. (2008). Thermal performance of courtyard buildings, 40, 906– 910.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.07.007
* Al-hemiddi, N. A., & Al-saud, K. A. M. (2001). The effect of a ventilated interior courtyard
on the thermal performance of a house in a hot – arid region, 24, 581–595.
* Polyzoides, S., Sherwood, R. and Tice, J. 1992, Courtyard Housing in Los Angles: A
Typological Analysis. Princeron Architectural Press, pp. 52- 189.
* Bartın University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, 74200,
Bartın, Turkey. 2 Karabük University, Eskipazar Vocational School, 78000, Karabük,
Turkey.