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Ex 5 3 FSC Part1 Ver3 1
Ex 5 3 FSC Part1 Ver3 1
3 - 1
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 2
1
Question # 2 2
( x + 1)( x + 1)
1
Solution
( x 2 + 1)( x + 1)
Now Consider
1 Ax + B C
= +
( x 2 + 1)( x + 1) x2 + 1 x +1
Multiplying both sides by ( x 2 + 1)( x + 1) .
1 = ( Ax + B )( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)......... (i)
Put x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = −1 in equation (i)
1
1 = 0 + C ( (−1) 2 + 1) ⇒ 1 = 2C ⇒ C =
2
Now eq. (i) can be written as
1 = A( x 2 + x) + B ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)
Comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x and x 0 .
0 = A + C … (ii)
0 = A + B … (iii)
1 = A + C … (iv)
Putting value of C in equation (ii)
1 1
0= A+ ⇒ A = −
2 2
Putting value of A in equation (iii)
1 1
0=− +B ⇒ B=
2 2
1 1 1 −x + 1 1
− x+
1
Hence 2
= 22 2 + 2 = 2
2 + 2
( x + 1)( x + 1) x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
−x + 1 1 1− x 1
= + = + Answer
2( x 2 + 1) 2( x + 1) 2( x 2 + 1) 2( x + 1)
3x + 7
Question # 3 2
( x + 4)( x + 3)
3x + 7
Solution 2
( x + 4)( x + 3)
Resolving it into partial fraction.
3x + 7 Ax + B C
2
= 2 +
( x + 4)( x + 3) x + 4 x + 3
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 3
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 4
x2 Ax + B C
2
= 2 +
( x + 4)( x + 2) x +4 x+2
Now do yourself , you will get
1 1
A = 2 , B = − 1 and C = − 2
x2 + 1
Question # 6
x3 + 1
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
Solution = ∵ x3 + 1 = ( x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
x3 + 1 ( x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
Now consider
x2 + 1 A Bx + C
2
= + 2 … (A)
( x + 1)( x − x + 1) x + 1 x − x + 1
x 2 + 1 = A ( x 2 − x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
x 2 + 1 = A ( x 2 − x + 1) + ( Bx 2 + Bx + Cx + C )
x 2 + 1 = ( A + B ) x 2 + ( B + C − A) x + ( A + C )
By comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x and x 0
A + B = 1 … (1)
B+C − A=0 … (2)
A + C = 1 … (3)
From (3), We have
C =1− A
Put the value of C in (2).
−2 A + B = −1 … (4)
Subtract (1) from (4), We have
2
3A = 2 ⇒ A =
3
Put the value of A in (1) and (3), we have
1 1
B= , C=
3 3
Put the values of A, B and C in (A), We have
x2 + 1
=
2
+
( x + 1)
( x + 1)( x − x + 1) 3 ( x + 1) 3 ( x 2 − x + 1)
2
x2 + 2x + 2
Question # 7
( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)( x − 1)
x2 + 2x + 2
Solution
( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)( x − 1)
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 5
Consider
x2 + 2 x + 2 Ax + B C D
2
= 2 + +
( x + 3)( x + 1)( x − 1) x +3 x +1 x −1
⇒ x 2 + 2 x + 2 = ( Ax + B )( x + 1)( x − 1) + C ( x 2 + 3)( x −1) + D ( x 2 + 3)( x + 1)... (i)
Put x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = −1 in equation (i)
(−1) 2 + 2(−1) + 2 = 0 + C ( (−1) 2 + 3) ( (−1) −1) + 0 ⇒ 1 − 2 + 2 = C ( 4 )( −2 )
1
⇒ 1 = − 8C ⇒ C=−
8
Now put x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x = 1 in equation (i)
⇒ (1) 2 + 2(1) + 2 = 0 + 0 + D ( (1) 2 + 3) ( (1) + 1) ⇒ 1 + 2 + 2 = D ( 4 )( 2 )
5
⇒ 5= 8D ⇒ D=
8
Equation (i) can be written as
x 2 + 2 x + 2 = ( Ax + B)( x 2 − 1) + C ( x3 − x 2 + 3 x − 3) + D ( x3 + x 2 + 3 x + 3)
⇒ x 2 + 2 x + 2 = A( x 3 − x) + B ( x 2 − 1) + C ( x3 − x 2 + 3 x − 3) + D ( x3 + x 2 + 3 x + 3)
Comparing the coefficients of x3 , x 2 , x and x 0 .
0 = A + C + D … (ii)
1= B − C + D … (iii)
2 = − A + 3C + 3D … (iv)
2 = − B − 3C + 3D … (v)
Putting values of C and D in (ii)
1 5 1 1
0= A− + ⇒ 0= A+ ⇒ A=−
8 8 2 2
Putting values of C and D in (iii)
1 5 1 5 3
1= B −− + ⇒ 1= B + + ⇒ 1= B +
8 8 8 8 4
3 1
⇒ 1− =B ⇒ B=
4 4
Hence
1 1 1 5
2
x + 2x + 2 − x+ −
= 22 4 + 8 + 8
2
( x + 3)( x + 1)( x − 1) x +3 x +1 x −1
−2 x + 1 1 5
−
= 4 + 8 + 8
2
x + 3 x +1 x −1
−2 x + 1 −1 5
= 2
+ +
4( x + 3) 8( x + 1) 8( x − 1)
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 6
1 − 2x 1 5
= 2
− + Answer
4( x + 3) 8( x + 1) 8( x − 1)
1
Question # 8
( x − 1) 2 ( x 2 + 2)
1
Solution
( x − 1) ( x 2 + 2)
2
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 7
1
=
−2
9 +
1
3
2 x+ − 1
+ 9 2 9( ) ( )
2 2 2
( x − 1) ( x + 2) x − 1 ( x − 1) x +2
2x − 1
−2 1
= 9+ 3 + 9
2 2
x − 1 ( x − 1) x +2
−2 1 2x − 1
= + 2
+
9( x − 1) 3( x − 1) 9( x 2 + 2)
x4
Question # 9 −1
1 − x4 4
x4 1− x x4
Solution x4 −1
1 − x4 − +
1 1 1
= −1 + 4
= −1 +
1− x (1 − x )(1 + x 2 )
2
1
= −1 +
(1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x 2 )
Now consider
1 A B Cx + D
= + +
(1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x ) 1 − x 1 + x 1 + x 2
2
x2 − 2x + 3
Question # 10 ∵ x4 + x2 + 1 = x4 + 2x2 + 1 − x2
x4 + x2 + 1
= ( x 2 + 1) 2 − x 2
x2 − 2x + 3 = ( x 2 + 1 + x)( x 2 + 1 − x)
Solution
x4 + x2 + 1 = ( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
x2 − 2x + 3
= 2
( x + x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 8
Now Consider
x2 − 2x + 3 Ax + B Cx+D
= +
( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 x 2 − x + 1
⇒ x 2 − 2 x + 3 = ( Ax + B)( x 2 − x + 1) + (Cx + D)( x 2 + x + 1)... (i)
⇒ x 2 − 2 x + 3 = A( x3 − x 2 + x) + B ( x 2 − x + 1) + C ( x3 + x 2 + x) + D ( x 2 + x + 1)
Comparing the coefficients of x3 , x 2 , x and x 0 .
0 = A + C … (ii)
1 = − A + B + C + D … (iii)
−2 = A − B + C + D … (iv)
3 = B + D … (v)
Subtracting (ii) and (iv)
0= A +C
− 2= A− B +C + D
+ − + − −
2= B −D
⇒ 2 = B − D … (vi)
Adding (v) and (vi)
3= B+ D
2=B−D
5 = 2B
5
⇒ B=
2
Putting value of B in (v)
5
3= + D
2
5 1
⇒3− = D ⇒ D=
2 2
Putting value of B and D in (iii)
5 1
1= − A + + C +
2 2
5 1
⇒ 1− − =− A + C
2 2
⇒ − 2 = − A + C … (vii)
Adding (ii) and (vii)
0= A+C
−2 = − A + C
−2 = 2C
⇒ C = −1
Putting value of C in equation (ii)
0 = A −1
⇒ A=1
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FSC-I / Ex 5.3 - 9
Hence
5 1
x2 − 2x + 3 (1) x + (−1) x +
= 2 2 + 2 2
2 2
( x + x + 1)( x − x + 1) x + x + 1 x − x + 1
2x + 5 −2 x + 1
= 2 + 2
2 2
x + x +1 x − x +1
2x + 5 −2 x + 1
= 2
+
2( x + x + 1) 2( x 2 − x + 1)
2x + 5 1 − 2x
= + Answer
2( x 2 + x + 1) 2( x 2 − x + 1)
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