ME714: Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Chapter 2a:
Automation of Discrete Part
Manufacture: Automats

Instructor:
K.P. Karunakaran

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

 Outline

• Classification of Manufacturing Automation

• Manufacturing Information (types, communication & storage)
• Automats
– Historical Developments
– Classification of Manufacturing Automation
– Low Cost Automation
 Design and Manufacturing Information

Design Information Manufacturing Information

•Geometry (nominal) •Sequence of different processes involved
•Fits and tolerances •Sequence of operations or steps in each
•Material specifications process
•Codes and Standards etc. •Description of each operation
•Tooling for each operation (machine tool,
work holding devices, cutting tool, press
tools etc.)
•Motions and switching/ toggle functions
•Set up and unit time for each operation etc.

Manufacturing is the sequential/ parallel execution of a set of

these manufacturing information.
Classification of Manufacturing Automation

Manufacturing
Automation

Hard/ Rigid/ Mechanized Soft/ Flexible/ Programmable

Automation Automation

Copy milling machines CNC Machines

Automats Robots
Special purpose machines Automatically Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
Reconfigurable conveyors
 Manufacturing Information
Two Types

1. Data in continuum
- Position, velocity, acceleration, spindle speed etc.
- Temperature, pressure, force, torque etc.

2. Data in binary/ discrete domain

- Switching functions: spindle on/ off, coolant on/ off,
door open/ close etc.
- Toggle functions: tool change.
- Discrete functions: gear change
Communication/ Storage of Mfg Information

Hard Soft
Function
Automation Automation
Data in Form tools, templates, Preparatory functions
masters, cams etc. (G- codes)
continuum
Data in binary/ Trip-dog settings and Miscellaneous
clutches and contacts functions (M-codes)
discrete domain
Communication/ Storage of Mfg Information
Cam Control of Slides for Continuum Data (instead of lead screw)
Communication/ Storage of Mfg Information
Trip Dog & Lever for Switching Functions (instead of manual switches)

Eg.: Spindle on/off, spindle reversal, coolant on/off, turret

indexing, collet open/ close …
 Automats

“Automats” basically refer to automatic lathes. Automatic milling

machines are not popular. Instead, there will be SPMs and
copying machines for milling.
 automats
Types

Some of the most popular types of automats are:

• Cutting-off machines
• Automatic Screw cutting machines
• Swiss type automat
Automats: Automatic Cutting Off Machine

Cams control only cross slide

movement. No axial control
except for bar feed stop.

Dependence on form tools.

Automat: Automatic Cutting Off Machine
Various Shapes Manufacturable
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine

Spindle fixed axially.

Tails stock has turret.
Its axial motion is
controlled by a multi-
lobed cam, one lobe
for each turret station.
It may have more
than one cross slide
controlled by a disc
cam each.
Limitation: A tool can
move either radially
or axially and not
both.
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Kinematic Diagram

[?, Fig5b]
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Kinematic Diagram

[?, Fig05a]
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Illustrative example: Part drawing

[?, Fig10a]
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Illustrative example: Tool layout

Turret:
Stopper
Centre drill
Drill

Cross slides:
Form tool 1
Form tool 2
Parting off tool
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Illustrative example: Process plan

[?, Fig10b]
Automat: Automatic Screw Cutting Machine
Illustrative example: Multi-lobed cam design for turret
 Automat: Swiss Automat
[?, Fig07]

The limitation of screw cutting automat is overcome by giving axial motion to the
spindle. The tool in cross slide can trace contour by the combined motion of the
spindle head and cross slide.
Automat: Swiss Automat
Various slides

[?, Fig08]
Automat: Swiss Automat
Kinematic Diagram

[?, Fig09]
 Reference

1. HMT, 1998, Production Technology, Tata

McGraw Hill.

2. J.A. Oates, Automation in Production Engg.

3. Pandey P.C. and Singh, Production Engineering

Sciences.
Thank You!