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MSS SP-45-2003

-
Bypass and Drain Connections

Standard Practice
Developed and Approved by the
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the
Valve and Fitting. Industry, Inc.
127 Park Stre.~ NE
MSS
Vienna, Virginia 22180
Phon.: (703) 281-6613 www.m•• -hq.com
Fa.: (703) 281-6671
.-mall: info@m.8.hq.com

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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-45

This MSS Standard Practice was developed under the consensus orlhe MSS Technical Committee 106 and the
MSS Coordinating Committee. Theeonten! of this Standard Practice is the result oftheefforts of competent and
concerned volunteers to provide an effective, clear, and non-exclusive specification that will-benefit the industry
as a whole. This MSS Standard Practice is intended as a basis for common practice by the manufacturer, the
user, and the general public. The existence of an MSS Standard Practice does not in itself preclude the manufac-
ture, sale, or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice. Mandatory conformance is established
only by reference in a code, specification, sales contract, or public law, as applicable.

U.S. customary units in thi s SP 8rc the standard; the nletTic units are for reference on ly.

In this Standard Practice all notes, annexes, tables, and figures are construed to be essential to the understanding
of the message of the standard, and are considered part ofthe tcxt unlcss noted as "supplemental". All appendi-
., ees appearing in this document are construed as "supplemental". "Supplemental" infonnation does not include
, mandatory requirements.
Non-tolcrnnced dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal, and, unless otherwise specified, shall be
considered "for reference only".

Any pari of Ihis Jlandard may be quoted. Credit lines should read 'extracted /rom MSS SP.45, 2003 with
permission of the publisher, the Manufacturers Standardization Society.' Reproduction prohibited under
copyright convention unless writtlm permission is granted by the Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Yo/Vt and Fittings Industry, Inc.

Originally Approved July. 1953

CopyrightC . 1982by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the
Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.

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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-45

FOREWARD

The 1953 edition ofMSS SP-45-1953 B}'passand Drain Connection Standard Prac:ttct was a combination of two
fonne r MSS Standard Practices; MSS 8P-5- 1944 By-Pass Size Standard Practice and MSs..SP-2S- J943 Drain
Tapping Standard Practice. As the subject maner of these two Standard Practices is so closely related they
were combined as a convenience to the user.

MSS SP-S was originally adopted in 1924 and applied to steel gate valves only. Bosses on steel castings c ftha!
period presented a mort complex problem than castings of other metals and the diversification of requests in
regard to size, location, and number of bosses on the part of users prompted the MSS to iniliate a standardization
program on the subject. The original Standard Practice established the number of bosses, minimum O.D. of boss,
and the pipe thread size for steel gate valves in sizes 3 to 24 inch inclusive. The bosses were intended to be used
for both bypass and drain connections.

In 1937 a new edition ofSP-5 was adopted. This edition was greatly expanded over the original and included both
cast iron and steel valves in the ~ate, ~ Iobe and angle patterns. The subiect matter was confined to by-passes
only and standard locations were established for the bypass on each type of valve Two sets of bypass sizes were
establishcd; one for the purpose of warming up main lines before opening the main valve and one for the purpose
of balancing the pressure on both sidcs of the main valve to fa cilitate its operation. The edition has been reaf·
finned periodically up to the promu lgation of the new MSS SP-45 .

MSS SP-28 was originally adopted in 193 7 and was also prompted by the variety of user requests for connec-
tions on valves and fittings at odd locations and varying sizes, with and without bosses. SP-28 cstablished
standard drain sizes for each size valve and fittin g, standard maximum sizes for unbossed tappings and standllrd
locattons with standard symbols to designate the location. MSS SP-28 was revised in 194 5 at which timc a
standard method of designating openings of reducing finings was added. This Standard Practicc was also
periodically reaffinned.

The 1953 edition of MSS SP-45 combined these two Standard Practices so that the user has all information
pertaining to bypass and drain connections in a single document. In this edition the newer methods of making
attachments, such as butt-weld have been recognized.

The 1971 edition expanded the coverage ofthe documeflt by including coverage ofbaJl valves. In preparing this
edition, the entire Standnrd Practice was reviewed and up-dated to keep pace with the expanding technology.

The 1976 edition expanded the coverage of the bypass sizes to include valves through NPS 48 and the document
has been metricized.

The 1982 edition expanded the coverage of the document to include plug valves.

The 1987 edition was a reaffirmation of the 1982 edition with no substantive change.

The 1992 edition changed the title, removed metric units, and made several editorial changes.

The 1998 edition added metric units and made several editorial and format changes.

The 2003 editton was issued with only editorial changes.

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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE Sp· 45

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

I SCOPE .................. ... .. ..... .... ...... ...... .... .... ... .... ........... .. ........ ... ... ...... ..... ....... ............. ...... . 1
2 LQC A n ON AN D Sy MBOLS .................................................................. ........ ......... ....... 1
3 STANDARD DRAIN SiZES ......... ...... ......... .... ........ .... .............. ............................... ..... . I
4 STANDARD BYPASS SIZES ................................... ... _................ ............ .. .. .... .... ... ... .... 1
5 BYPASS LOCATIONS .............. ... .................. ... .......... ................ .. ....... .. ............ . ... ... .... ..2
6 DRAIN & BYPASS CONNECTION DIMENSi ONS ................ ... ....... .. .... .. .... ..... ............ 3
7 BOSSES ........... ........... .. ................... ... ......... ............. ....... . .......................... ..... ... ... .. .. .. .. .3
8 REDUCING FITTINGS ....... ........ .. ................. ....... ........ .. .... ........ .. ...... ...... .......... .... .... .. ..3

TABLE I Standard Drain Sizes ............... . ....................................................................... ..•.••..•. ..... 1

2 Bypass Sizes ........................................................................................... ...................... .2
3 Connection D imensions ....... ....... .. .............. ...... .... ...... .............. ....... .. .... .. ......... .............. .4

FIGURE I Minimum Thread Length ........ ................... ............ ....................... ................................... 3

2 Welding Socket Dime nsions ............................................................................................ 3
3 Butt- We ld .... .... .......... ..... ....... .. ................... . .................................................................. 4
4 Bosses ................................................................ . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ..................................... ..... .4
5 Method of Designating Location of Opening for Drains & Bypasses ............................. S
6 Method of Designating Location of Opening for Drains .. ................................................ 6

ANNEX A Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates ................................................................... 7

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MSS STANDARD PRACIlCE SP·45

BYPASS AND DRAIN CONNECfIONS

1. scorE 2.2 When a tap is required at some other localion,

it is recommended that the manufacturer be con·
1.1 This Standard Practice establishes rlXjuirements sulled as to their practicability, and both the inquiry
for conne<:lions to valves and fittings to accommo- and the order should be accompanied by a skelch
date drains and bypasses in all pressure classes. indicalingthe location upon Ihe filling or valve body.

1.2 Specific requirements are: 3. STANDARD DRAIN SIZES

.j Standard symbols and locations of 3.1 When fittin gs and valves require dmin open·
openings for drains and bypasses. ings, they are regularly furnished with the size shown
in Table I unless otherwi se spec ified by purchaser.
b) Standard size of drains and bypass
•
openmgs.
TABLE J - SliIOdard Drain Sizes
c) Minimum thread lengths in drain and
bypass toppings. Valve or Fitting Size Drain Size

d) Minimuln diameter and depth of NPS ON N PS ON

socketwcld connection for drain and
2-4 50- 100 112 IS
bypass.
S·' 125-200 3/4 20
e) Buu.welding connection for drain and
bypass. 10-24 2S()'600 1 2S

f) Bosses for drain and bypass connee

tion.
4. STANDARD BYPASS SIZF..8
g) Method for designating outlets of
reducing fittings . 4.1 When valves are ordered with bypass attached,
the size of bypass shall be 3S shown in Table 2, ex-
2. cept where unusual service conditions warrant can·
.
sidemtion of a special oversize bypass, then the in· J
2.1 Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the application of stan- stallation ofthe bypass around the main valve is rec-
dard symbols for the locations of openings for drain ommended wherever possible.
and bypass connections recognized as standard.
These symbols should be regularly employed on draw-
ings. specifications requisitkms, and other instruments
used in the transactions of business.

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MSS STANDARD PRAcnCE SP-45

TABLE :z - Bypa,s Sizes 5.2 Globe Valves When globe valves are ordered
with bypass attached, it shall be regular practice to
Main Valve attach bypass at the right-hand side of the main valve,
NPS (ON) (see Figure 5 locations E & F) with the stems of
both valves parallel, pointing vertically upward . When
2t04(50to 112 I bypass may be "specially" required attached at the
5 (I 314 1 1/4 left-hand side, (see Figure 5 locat ions A & B) the
6 3/4 I 1/4 designation shall be "left-hand attachment." Right-
8 3/4 1112 hand side of a globe valve is the side at the right,
when facing the flow port which leads to the under-
side ofthc disc,

5.3 Angle Valves When angle valves are ordered

(., Series A i$ for preheat!n" the piping syuem (normally
with steam) bcforeopcn ing main valve lind for balancing
pre ssures where lines are o flim;led volume.
(tI)Scries B i5 for lines conve:yinggues or liquids where
bypassing may facilitate the opcl1ll.ion of the main
valve by balancing the pressure on both sides of the
disc or di scs. TI'Iese larger sizes m.), be Qfthe bolted on
.5. BYPASS LOCATIONS
S. I Galt Valves When gate valves are ordered
with bypass attached, it shall be standard practice to
attach the bypass at the side of the main valve with
the siems of both valves pointing upward. The more
common of the "Special" auached locations is on
the center of the flow line, al the bottom of lhe main
valve, (see Figure 5 locations C & D) with the stem
of the bypass valve at righl angles to the main valve
stem . This is designated as the "bottom attachment,."
or defined as " bypass at the bottom." When any
other"spccial attached location" or other position of
the bypass valve stem is desired, a sketch should be
sent to the manufacturer.
with bypass attached, it shall be regular practice to
attach bypass at the back of the main valve, (see
Figure 5 locations E & F) with the stems of both
parallel, pointing vertically upward. When bypass
may be "specially" required attached at the right-
hand or left-hand side, (see Figure 5 locations C &
o and A & B respectively) the designation shall be
"right-hand attachment" Of' "left-hand attachment,"
Right-hand side ofan angle valve is at the right, when
facing the back of the valve.
5.4 Check Valves When check valves arc or-
dered with bypass attached, it is standard practice to
attach the bypass at the side of thc check valve so
that the bypass valve stem and the check valve cap
both point upward. Iflocalion of bypass is important
its location should be specified according 10 Figure
5.
5.5 Ball Valva When ball valves arc ordered
with bypass attached, it shall be standard practice 10
attach the bypass at the side of the main valve with
the stems of both valves pointing upward. If loca-
lion of bypass is important its location should by
specified accord ing to Figure 5.

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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE
5.6 Plug Valves When plug valves are ordered
with bypass attached, it shall be standard practice to
attach the bypass at the side of the main valve with
the stems of both valves pointing upward. If the
main valve should have a handwheel on the side of
the valve, the bypass, where possible, should be lo-
cated on the handwheel side. Ifany other location is
required, position should be specified according to
FigureS .
6. DRAIN & BYPASS CONNECTION
DIMENSIONS
6.1 PiJn Threads Pipe threads shall be tapered
pipe threads in accordance with ASME B1.20.1.
Metal thickness shall be sufficient to allow the ef-
fective thread length specified in Table 3. These
lengths are equal to the effective thread lengths of
tapered external pipe threads, ASM E 81.20. l.
Where wall thickness is insufficient or the tapped
hole needs reinforcemenl, a boss is required.
6.2 Sockets Sockets (socket. welding) may be pro-
vided in the wall of a fitting or valve if the metal
thickness is sufficient to allow the depth of socket
specified in Table 3. Where the wall thickness is
insufficient, or the size of socket requires opening
reinforcement, a boss is required.
NQre
" L" is eqUid to the effettive thread length of American
National Standard external pipe threads. ASME B1.20.1
Figure 1
Minimum Thread Length
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SP-4S
6.3 Bun Welds Connections may be made by
bun·weldingdirectly to the wall of the fitting or valve,
see Table 3.
7. BOSSES
7. J When a boss is required to meet the thicknesses
in Table), the diameter shall be not less than those
shown in Figurc4.
8. REDUCING FJITJNGS
8.1 When a drain opening is required on the side of
a reducing fitting whose side is tapered, the axis of
the drain opening should be at right angles to the
centerline of the fitting.
8.2 The size of the drain opening on a reducing
fitting shall be governed by the size of the adjacent
outlet.
8.3 When a tap is required on a reducing fitting at
a point centrally located, such as "G" on a reducer,
its size shall be governed by the average of the drain
openings which would be used for the largest and
smallest outlet. using the drain opening size which
is standard, or the next smaller size as shown in
Table I .
Figue 2
Welding Socket Dim~lI~ions
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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE Sp·45

TABLE 3 . Connec:tioD DimcasioD5

Thread Length L Welding Socket, Figure 2

Conn«tion Size mnrmun
Figure I Diameter A, min Depth D. min
NPS ON inches
= inches 4- = I inches I =
318 10 0.41 0.690 5
112 15 0.53
"14 0.855
17.5

22
0. 19

0.19 5
3/4 20 0.55 14
-+ 1.065 27 0.25 6.5
I 25 0.68 18 1.330 34 0.25 6.5
I 1/4 32 0.71 18 1.675 43 0.25 6.5
1112 40 0.72 19 1.915 49 0.25 6.5
2 50 0.76 20 2.406 61 0.3 1 8

Connection Size Boss Diameler "]"

NPS ON inches
'""
10
'"III IS
IlS
IjO J8
3/4
I '" 1.7!5 44

I 114 '"
32
W
2.50
54
64
li n 40
Figure 3
Bull Weld
2 50
275
3J8 "
116

Figu re 4
Bouts

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MSS STANDARD PRACDCE SP-45

,
,

• (ON SAME Sloe

ASElFANO
OPPOSITE J)

•
•••
QLOSfVALVE

GATE VALVE

" I

••
• _.,
(- :....,
ANGLE VALVE CHECKYALVE

IPI

I I
INDICATES
OPPOSITE
EA' SIDE
"t'" .,
i
A"Co"
: I
-
0 '1." .• C

PlUG VALVES BAll 'lAtYE

Figure 5
Metbod or DesigDating Location or Openings (or Drains & Bypasses

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MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-45

~ (len' C Ito!.!>
su.alCo-., sin '"
$111.111614' Sin STAA ' GMT !O Il[

to°flaow CROSS
Rtru(.IHG SIZ[ "-EDUCING SllE

1"0"" V i .,... SiCit Voir_ r _0'" V iI'.... S:c:llt V'I''''

~ID[ OUlI..U neow SIO[ OUTl.tt TH 45· l,U{ItAl
Sllt-.u:. ... , SllE SHtA I(,HT SIl[ STR.ICO... ' SHE

'0' alt.\( [tIOW eASt TEE

REOliC[1iI
lIUf " y "
4!t° ELBOW

fCCfNUte ItEDUCU:
Note: The abOve skelChes show two yiews of the same fining and represenllittlngs wilh symmetrical shapes.
with the exception Of the side outlet elbow and the side outlet tee (straight sizes).

FilUM! ,
Met.od of DesigDatiDC I...ocatiOD of OpeaiDgs for DraiD'

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MSS STANDARD PRACIlCE SP-45

ANNEXA
Referenced Siandards and Applicable Dates

This Annex is an integral part of this Standard Practice and is placed after the main text for convenience.

Standard Name or Description:

ASME. ANSIIASME. ANSI. ASMEIANSI

B 1.20.1·1983 (R200 1) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

Publications of the following organization appear in the above list:

ASME The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, N Y 10016·5990

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List of MSS Standard Practices
(Price List Available Upon Request)
....,."
N"",be,

SP-t-~1
SP-2$-1"1
$C8_~ F"iINo. lor Contact FlOCH 01 Pipe ~ _
$pOI FIICing kIr 8"",,-". Iron ond s.- flIInQ ,
SUPldl<1l ~ 5 1. 1..... Fa:- "'._, f'bo,~s. f1I;~ ond LM"'"
~g·EIId FIarIge. 01 "'..... oflll FiItiIQ •

Sl42·19H CIa. ISO Cotroaian 1'1.. _ GI5Ie, GIaCo . ~ and a..a. V _ _ ~ _ Butt WekI EM.
SP .. 3-1" ' (1'1 01) ~'nIu,,~ 51alrr1es& s- a_--.; F~.
s~nllll (1'10 1) SIMI p;por.... Flanges
,~= lIypno """ t:JonOoo eoru-:tions
SP· 51·~ Clau lS01..W ConoIb'! I t n _ 1'IatIgeo..,., c-I FIIr>ged f"ltingl
5P-M-lm (R (2) 0u:IIiIy 5~ kIr S - CaIings..." Fc:rgirIQl kIr vat-:. ~ •. Mod FiIr:i:'Iot .... QII,.. ~ 0: 1 ;' ' ' ' ' ' · ~ Parti<:k
E:oatnine1ion lA.u .....
(1'102) Qu.IiIy 5 _'" hi< S_Cnli'rllS kIr V - . FIanti......... f".,.. o.nd 0tM< P\IOlg ~ • FlL,,,,,,,apfIiI;.
wmi'r.r:ion Netl:od
0utIiI:r S _ lor $tMI ~ lor v_. FWOges. FlIin:I'. _ 0.,_,_ .
...
0.... ~g Vi....., "". , ,~ lor E~,..1ion '"
Su_ 1rI'I\I, ' r "
spe~l_
,.,." Pipo Iiaf\; ... ..." S' II or'"M ,Ioo' , • Dn"Qn, end Monufacl:u"
ConnecIong f ... .ton Bel."" T....... '" S'; ...... Tlpp:oi"",_
sP-a l ·2DP» P ........ Totoling d S_ v_
5"-1"' HiQrr P _ I o..mic.oI I""'-"Y f~ oPld Tho"rr·.· Srut:.1ot Use _~ l on. Ga .......

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SP-I7·2OO2 eo.mlrfty V_I
SP_11III1 HIgIo P........ Bulle"'" Verves will: 011-.1 o.oian
Pipe HI.,."'" Supports. S.IIocIioo. _ "W'i"&1ion
SP-7().ltH C"I 1<001 0,107 Votwol, F",nvoor;l oPld TloO'UCled Eod.
SP.71·111117 Groy 1<001 Swing cr-to; V _ , Fleng.ed _ Tluw<led EPId.
SP·72-I t99 e.. V8I_ with Ftang.d 0' Bu. Welding EO'odo lot G-.t SotMce
SP.73-2OO1 8""" 0 Joiml lor Cow- ,PId Copper N.ay Pre.." .. F"rlli"",1
SP.1$- I _ S~btion /0( H iO ~ rl'" Wn>ughl Bull Welding Filii""",
sp·n· 1195 (A 00) GulojOliinfl lOr Pipe Support COntr&tuOl Reillio "'hips
Sp.7e· tliD' C..l lron PIo..og V_I . FI."",ed _ Tht • ..,.d Eode
5p·N- I9tte S_~"'r'I"Ji.." Fled""", 'n..rts
SP.lIQ.l"7 B,,,,,.. 01010. Globe, N>g1. oPld Chock Vol....
SP-I1-lOO1 5 111n1.11 SIMI. Bonn.' "II, F.,rIQId I(nh G ... VOl ...

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51412-1"2
5p·8).2oo1

SP·M-lOOa
V""" P........ TII'lnQ lAoIhod,
CIllO JOOO S_
Go IJoIl, ... lot
Pipe U"""'" Sodo-t Wlkhnll"'" n. .. lded
arl, Iron Globe , """'" V _ , l'1In\Iod ePld T... _
"""lIie
EPId,
oat.o .. Slondli/'d, lOr V"""I, FII .... I, FiIIIrvOI', one! At'"""'"
.....,..
SP-N· I"3
SP-H·1_

SP·f1·111112
SI42· I,"
(1'101) Otopt.r"llrn V_
~Ipo HMo........ S. H'''' ' Falrrtc II"" llId '",lOIIotiorr Ptoc1iool
o.:...U.... ... T ....In.,og; tor PIpe Honows 1Il0l Suppono
(R III) Q.,iIIo_ tor IA....... Opo,.tiono 01 V_.
MS5 V.... ~ GoMIo
Sf>.113-11111t 0u0I.ty StancIon:l lor SIMI C"IinOI"'" rorti>'9P tor VM,. r""I1", 1M FlIIi<IgI ...., 0tIIIr pj~ Ccom_nto-Uquid _ _
ExMoN .... Md e$
Q:aoIiIr Sid tor , , _ one! N _ _ S - c........ ""
V_ , F"" 81" . ... " . , 8r ..., Otroor PO'pi e Cn . I .......!Jlhr""l0
...,...".,
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~ Mr'e'
5w gr(~ ) N/pJII.. ...., IkoI PIwg •
Oo,HrU .. , on T...... et a) tor v ...... ltd F"raingf
$147·2001 Irtr ;r~ Ro.oCoee, f ForvtJ BtIne.r: 0..... fiuired 5; : t~ WI'f1Q. ~ 8IId """"11f 'II ""'"

V_
,Pte z001 Proh_ C, r Pir.,.. lor 1M I........ d v ....... lIydtMU, end f . . . .
S...... , ... ( RO I )~V_
SPol00-200.2 QuptllwlioOl R_"."..I\IO 100 e.,_o..p/IfIg"" tor _ .. or S ..·oIeo Oirphr",m
SP- I01 . ' . ' 1'1 01) P ...· T"'" V..... Ao;:Wt.tor ANrcM~.F~ "'" DoIvk'IO CO!) ~ ; .ont 01......1·,,1 "'" _ " " " .... Ct.. reh,.....
' .... ,02-1.' (R 01) _ T ...... V_ _ '""" ."ct'mo", . flo"",...., 0rI0ing C OT......,.CoI DIrMn ....... PId P.Ioo",,_ C,.... :t: Iolico
SP.,03-1_ (R 00) ·M.u",,* CqIpw...., Co,por Nto<t I...." F~ lOr PoI,toYIJI.", S,........
SP.I04-1", v-.'nIughI C 'H r' S; ' W Jo;rinI ,.,.....,.. f"ainvl
5P· l;)5.1_ (R 01) I ~ v...... 100 Cod. ";tc rw __
5P· \l)&.ltIKI (R it) Cas1 Copper IoIt;!y 1'....... _ F~ f"ot\inos, CIMo 1 2~ , 15(l end 300
SPoI07·'" ' (R 00) T... . . , Un .... 'illingo ler JohIr", .lieu/and I'IooIIic: ~, , ' . 10
SP.l oe-2OQ2 "'........ ·SOOIed C.. I·ln;o n E;; , "'Ie ""-'0 V.r..1
5 P' IOO-l"7 '...., , _ FobrIct.*, COPpoi' S-- JoInt '" •• ,. F......
SP-1I0).1_ al' V_I TIIoI'Jod, $ockot-Worldine, Soldo< Join~ G _ IPId F.,,,d Endr
SP.",·2OO, OOy.l"", ""J OucUo-lro/1 Teppt"", SlMwI
SP. II2·1I1K1 QuoIiIY S!1lPIdorcP fer E...... tion 01 C.., S\I:1_ F;nioh • • • VI.uaI end TIo:I;Io 1Mo!hQo:l, TloII liP mull be fOIJ ... ~. l().eun_, Ih, ...
dI"""ojonoi Coat 5.ofo", CO!\'P~"Icr, ""'"'" II a noce ... ry poor! oIthl SIIncIoon:l,
.t.dcI~;;;NrI CO!\'P~"to .. ",a1 be ooId _'"tetv II '25.00 ead1. Sr. .... quantity diocounIJ 'P~1 on ~01 or~er,
SP·1 13-2OO1 Connocting Joinl between Tappi"" MochirIo, ,PId Tlppino V"",,,
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SP.I 2')-2OO2 Flht:lo Gr.pNt. Pod<i'IO S1_ lOr Fl.""
Sto!m Steel V _ (Doli\jn FI~_)
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SP.I22-IH7 I'll. fnduIlrioiI Ball V _
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