Context I

Economic Constraint
The project’s budget is a relevant factor to consider in any project. The client for this project allotted a budget cost of
Php. ----------. For that reason, the designers proposed different designs to satisfy this condition. These proposed
designs will be evaluated to determine the trade-off that suits the client’s allotted budget.
The designers, in consideration with this constraint, will only focus on the most economical design that meets the
required strength and durability with minimal costs. The project should cost not more than Php. ------- based on
designers’ assumption on the client’s budget for the project. Any further increase in the cost of the project has no
guarantee to be negotiable. For the evaluation, the designers will use the total materials cost as the value for this
constraint.

Sustainability Constraint
In line with this constraint, sustainability of the structure is considered for the reason that the client from the Municipal
Engineering Office are up to design a terminal structure with a higher longevity with minimum cost of maintenance.
The port terminal should be used by the public through its maximum lifespan providing maintenance.
The designers, in consideration with this constraint, will only focus on the maintenance cost for the structure that will
be taken into account and will be used as the value for evaluation.

Environmental Constraint
Another hindrance considered by the designers which they plan to alleviate is the reduction of the adverse effects of
enormous carbon emissions to the worsening pollution in the world. According to studies, concrete production is one
of the contributors of the growing carbon emissions. The project aims to design the most economical section of the
beams and columns that will satisfy the conditions of safety and sustainability, without compromising its imminent
threat to the environment in the long run. The designers also aims to safeguard the body of water in any presence of
pollutants from the construction. In the attempt to quantify these emissions, the designers will only consider the
contribution of concrete production to the said emissions.

Constructability Constraint
The duration of the project will also be an issue in designing the port terminal. The site of the construction, Angono, is
lying near the Laguna de Bay and is highly affected by unpleasant weather systems such as rains, storms and winds
that can cause flooding in the area that could delay the project duration.
The designers, in consideration with this constraint, will only focus on the project duration and on how it affects the
total cost of the project. The project should be finished in less than 100 days, as set by the client and in discretion of
the designers. For the evaluation, the designers will use the labor cost as the value for this constraint.

Risk Assessment
Environmental Loads are loads that cannot be prevented and are automatically applied to the structure. In line with
this, the structure will inevitably face natural calamities at times. These natural calamities are related to the
environmental loads, such as earthquakes which add seismic loads, and typhoons which add wind loads. These
environmental loads will surely contribute to the decline of the overall structural integrity. This decline will surely make
the occupants of the structure present at risk.
The designers, in consideration with this constraint, needs to design the structure with consideration to the
environmental loads, which relates to the buckling effect, considering the slenderness factor of the structure after
certain years. For the evaluation, the designers will use the total bracing and connection costs as the value for this
constraint. The consideration of environmental loads shall reduce the risk present in the structure.

Context II
Economic Constraint
The project’s budget is the most relevant thing to consider in any project. Financial matters runs the project therefore
there is must be sufficient budget for the project or the budget allocated by the clients must be reasonable to provide
for the project. In line with that, the designers proposed different plans that will satisfy the want of the client. It will be
evaluated as which trade-off best suits the client’s budget. Any further increase in the cost of the project has no
guarantee to be negotiable and failure to the execution of the project.
The designers considered different studies and researches to make the design economical and could lessen soil
settlement. The proposals use different soil treatment to address this constraint.

Sustainability Constraint
The designers considered the sustainability of the geotechnical constraint because it can affect the financial matter of
the project. The success of a project is determined if it reached its estimated economic life or even exceed it.
Maintenance cost will be considered by the team to address this concern. There are many ground improvement
practices that are available worldwide but each of it must be evaluate well because not all practices have lesser
impact on the environment more specifically to those non-renewable resources that were needed on its operation.
Serviceability as well as the design life of the structure is also considered as it is not just only for the environmental
concerns but also for the benefits of the occupants. Considering the lacking of materials due to the demand it is
important to create a project that is durable and less maintenance.
The design of ground improvement should provide adequate strength without the need or with minimum cost of
maintenance.

Environmental Constraint
The designers also considered the environmental constraint for geotechnical procedures to preserve the body of
water near the project structure from the processes of soil treatments. Not only providing adequate strength and less
soil settlement is the key for the designers in choosing the suited trade-off for the ground improvement but also the
one that is the least to affect the environment. The designers also considered the number of man-hour and time rent
to discern which tradeoff governs in terms of labor and equipment cost.

Constructability Constraint
The design can also be restricted according to the constructability or the duration of the soil treatment. The project is
located near a body of water and soil treatment may take longer because of the need of controlling the water.
Constructability can be measured by evaluating the labor cost of the construction and also the duration it needs in
order to finish the project. The designers will choose the method that will be the most effective yet suited the
construction time given by the client.
The client desires to accomplish the ground improvement in a short period of time. In this regard, the project is
limited, and should be delayed, to 30 working days. However, it excludes the time necessary for further investigations
and studies towards the project.
Risk Assessment
For the design of ground improvement, the vital design objective is Risk Assessment. For you to conclude that this
design is effective, settlement reduced by a certain trade-off must be evaluated. A certain structure has its own
allowable settlement, but we cannot predict the failure of a structure easily that is why settlement produce by a
certain ground improvement method must be calculated and consider as a major constraint for this project for you to
arrive in a reasonable conclusion. At service load level, the ground improvement must provide an adequate strength,
not to undergo excessive settlements and be robust enough to withstand repeated applications of live load. Correct
design is very essential to permit the loading properly and evenly. To be able to ensure the durability of the project,
the designers introduce trade-offs that are based on the criteria and its risk.
The design should not be under or over design in terms of providing improvement on the ground that may cause
further settlement or overturning of the structure.