CCNA 3

ENTERPRISE NETWORKING SECURITY

AND AUTOMATION

NAME: BADIC ALEXANDRU THEODOR

Date: 19.08.2021
Contents
1. OSPF (OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST)...................................................................................................3
1.1Components of OSPF..........................................................................................................................3
 1. OSPF (OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST)

1.1 Components of OSPF

Routing protocol messages

Data structures
Algorithm

1.1.1. Routing protocol messages

Hello packet
Database description packet
Link-state request LSR packet
Link-state update LSU packet
Link-state acknowledgment packet LSAK

Adjacency database lists all the neighbor routers to which a router established comumnications
Show ip ospf
Link-state database list information about all routers in network command; show ip ospf command
Forwarding Database information about how the packets are forwarded; show ip route

Router ospf 1
Network ... wild card mask

Single vs multi-area OSPF

An area of OSPF is when all the routers have the same information stored in their database

It is much better for scalability and cost management.

OSPF packets

Hello packet Discovers neighbors

Database description Packet checks for database sync between routers

Link-State request Requests specific link-state records between

routers

Link-state Update Sends specifically link-state records

Link-state aknowledgment Acknowledges other packet types

LINK STATE UPDATES

Routers initially exchange TYPE 2 dbd packets – a dbd packet is an abreviated LSDB
The receiving routers – uses a type 3 LSR packet to request more information about an entry in the DBD.
Type 4 – is used to reply an LSR packet
Type 5 – is used to ack the receipt of an type 4 packet.

LSU contains LSA’s

LSA type-

1- Router LSA
2- Checks for database sync between routers
3- Summary LSA’s (or 4)
5- Autonomous System external system LSAs
6- Multicast OSPF
7- Defined for not so stubby areas
8- External attributes LSA for border Gateway Protocol

DR- designated router

BDR-back up designated Router
What’s inside a hello packet???

Type – is a type 1 so the first field is type

Router ID- it is used to identify the originating router
Area ID – identifies the AREA
Network Mask – The sending mask associated with the sending interface
Router Priority – This is used in a DR-BDR election.
Dead Interval – the time a router waits before it declares the other router dead. It is 4 times the hello by
default
Designated Router – this is the designated router ID
Backup Designated Router –
List of neighbours

1.1.2 Algorithm

A router builds a topology table by using results of calculations based on Dijkstra’s algorithm. The
shortest-path first (SPF) algorithm is based on the cumulative cost to reach a destination. The SPF
algorithm creates an SPF tree by placing each router at the root of the tree and calculating the shortest
path to each node, as shown in Figure 1-2. The SPF tree is then used to calculate the best routes. OSPF
places the best routes into the forwarding database, which is used to make the routing table.
1.1.3 Database

Adjacency database
Lists all neighbor routers to which a router has established bidirectional communication. This table is
unique for each router. Can be viewed using the show ip ospf neighbor command.
Link-state Database
Lists information about all other routers in the network. This database represents the network topology.
All routers within an area have identical LSDBs. Can be viewed using the show ip ospf database
command.
Forwarding database
Lists routes generated when an algorithm is run on the link-state database. The routing table of each
router is unique and contains information on how and where to send packets to other routers. Can be
viewed using the show ip route command.

COMMANDS TIME:

Reference-cost: auto-cost reference bandwidth 1000

Interface f0/0
Ip ospf authentication
Ip ospf authentication-key MYPASS
Router ospf 1
Area 0 authentication

1.2. OSPF OPERATIONAL STATES

Down
Init state
Two-way state
Exstartstate
Exchange state
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