1. How does one achieve moral excellence?

Moral excellence is defined by Aristotle as a disposition to behave in the right manner

and as a means between extremes of deficiency and excess, which are vices. Moral
excellence is considered as a habit or action of a person according to virtue, which we
can learn primarily in habit and practice believing that power of habit comes in its
susceptibility to practice and development, like all other sports, arts or skills. This means
that we can grow in moral excellence. To achieve moral excellence is a choice because
moral excellence involves choosing the right course of action for its own sake, as its
meaning is between two excesses determined by a rational principle which a man of
practical wisdom would follow. For instance, by doing good things we become good, bad
things bad, therefore, it also involves the molding of one's character, Moral virtues
become the qualities of a person through active exercise of them. Furthermore, Aristotle's
moral virtue depends on the belief of God, thus, achieving moral excellence is also
knowing God or it needs to first seek to learn about God and how he directs us to behave,
then practice doing what seems right and good. In addition, Moral values are non-
physical and non-material things, they can't dissect and examine even can't see in our
naked eye, however, we can see it with the heart and we call it an Inner Principle.
Achieving moral virtues of Aristotle are exemplified by courage, temperance, and
liberality; having those moral virtues is also labeled as living a so-called well-lived life,
happiness or eudaimonia.
2. Pick and discuss two threats to ethics as outlined by Blackburn.

The threat to ethics of Blackburn consists of the death of God; relativism; egoism;
evolutionary theory; determinism and futility; unreasonable demands; and false
consciousness. However, I would only discuss the death of God and Egoism.
Death of God focuses on religious belief or questioning God's existence; thinking God is
there? Or God is dead?, and considering that morality was traditionally in religion since
then. This theory somehow believes that the idea of God was created to help people
handle widespread and seemingly senseless suffering to provide light in a dark world and
this become the standard of living, as we drape our own standards with the stories of
divine origin as a way of asserting their authority. We do not just have a standard of
conduct that forbids, say, murder, but we have mythological historical examples in which
God expressed his displeasure at cases of murder. However, there are some people
specifically an atheist in who do not need to think too much about ethics in religion,
because there is no authoritative code of instructions, a handbook of how to live o they’re
not believing in God’s existence. Furthermore, this theology, the death of God become
part of human history. Also, it was already concluded that the death of God is far from
being a threat
to ethics.
 Meanwhile, Egoism discusses ethical theory holding that the good is based on the pursuit
of self-interest. Claiming humans as selfish animals. Egoist refers to have a big ego. They
are self-centered and care little about others. On contrary, egoism shouldn’t be marked as
negative connotation as because sometimes we ought to do what’s best for ourselves: in a
sense, we sometimes should be selfish.
as we drape our standards with the stories of divine origin as a way of asserting their
authority. We do not just have a standard of conduct that forbids, say, murder, but we
have mythological historical examples in which God expressed his displeasure at cases of
murder

3. From your understanding of Aristotle’s ideas, Why should we still act Morally and
Ethically?

We should still act Morally and Ethically because Aristotle thought that human virtue
helped lead toward happiness and vice led away from it, as he believed that humans are
telic creatures or creatures who have a telos. Aristotle thought that all of us seek
eudaimonia which translates as “happiness,” or “flourishing.” He labeled that a life of
eudaimonia is an excellent life for the person living it, however, it’s not mere enjoyment
rather a combination of activity and pleasure. According to Aristotle, things of any
variety have a characteristic function that they are properly used to perform. The good for
human beings, then, must essentially involve the entire proper function of human life as a
whole, and this must be an activity of the soul that expresses genuine virtue. The central
issue for Aristotle is the question of character or personality, asking this to yourself
means reflecting yourself for the things you have done and what you’ve done, realizing if
it’s morally and Ethically. To be morally and Ethically doesn’t mean knowing a bunch of
moral facts rather having a pearl of practical wisdom and putting it into action. To
achieve moral and ethical principles in life also means achieving a happy life.