https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/faraday/latest/faraday.html?

simulation=faraday

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
AIM : (a) To induce the electromotive force in a coil
(b) To find out the factors those affect the size of an induced current
APPARATUS:

THEORY : Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction explain the relationship between

electric circuit and magnetic field. This law is the basic working principle of the most of the
electrical motors, generators, transformers, inductors etc.
Faraday's first law:
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field an EMF gets induced across the
conductor (called as induced e.m.f), and if the conductor is a closed circuit then induced current
flows through it.
Magnetic field can be varied by various methods -
1. By moving magnet
2. By moving the coil
3. By rotating the coil relative to magnetic field
Faraday's second law:
Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction states that, the magnitude of induced emf is
equal to the rate of change of flux linkages with the coil. The flux linkage is the product of
number of turns and the flux associated with the coil.
Formula of Faraday's law:
Consider the conductor is moving in magnetic field, then flux linkage with the coil at initial
position of the conductor = NΦ1 (Wb)
(N is speed of the motor and Φ is flux) flux linkage with the coil at final position of the
conductor = NΦ2 (Wb)
change in the flux linkage from initial to final = N(Φ1 - Φ2)
let Φ1 - Φ2 = Φ
therefore, change in the flux linkage = NΦ
and, rate of change in the flux linkage = NΦ/t
taking the derivative of RHS
rate of change of flux linkages = N (dΦ/dt)
According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, rate of change of flux linkages is equal
to the induced e.m.f
So, V = N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
Phenomenon of Mutual Induction
Alternating current flowing in a coil produces alternating magnetic field around it. When two or
more coils are magnetically linked to each other, then an alternating current flowing through one
coil causes an induced e.m.f across the other linked coils. This phenomenon is called as mutual
induction.
Lenz's law
Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction states that, when an e.m.f is induced according to
Faraday's law, the polarity (direction) of that induced e.m.f is such that it opposes the cause of its
production.
Thus, considering Lenz's law
V = -N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
The negative sign shows that, the direction of the induced e.m.f and the direction of change in
magnetic fields have opposite signs.
The direction of induced current can also be found by Fleming's Right-hand Rule.

PROCEDURE :
1. Open the link.
2. Click on Pickup coil
3. Set the strength of bar magnet at 25%.
4. Change indicator (Galvanometer).
5. Choose Loops 1 (Loops Area 50%)
6. Record your observations in the following table.
 Deflection of voltage
Position of magnet To left or right
or remain Slow/ No deflection/ Quick
stationary
Move the North-pole of a bar
magnet into the coil slowly.
Move the South-pole of the magnet
into the coil slowly.
Move the North-pole of the magnet
into the coil quickly
Hold the magnet stationary with
North-pole facing the coil.
Move the South-pole of the magnet
very quickly into the coil.

7. Set the strength of magnet at 100% and change Loop 1 to 3. Record your observations in
the following table.

Deflection of voltage
Position of magnet To left or right
or remain Slow/ No deflection/ Quick
stationary
Move the North-pole of a bar
magnet into the coil slowly.
Move the South-pole of the magnet
into the coil slowly.
Move the North-pole of the magnet
into the coil quickly
Hold the magnet stationary with
North-pole facing the coil.
Move the South-pole of the magnet
very quickly into the coil.
Fill in the blanks.

If the forefinger indicates the direction of ____________________________ and the thumb

shows the direction of ________________________, then the middle finger will show the
direction of ___________________________. This simple rule is called
________________________________.

PRECAUTION:

CONCLUSION:

Factors leading to increase current in the coil

1.

2.