Devi Mahalaxmi Polytechnic College , Titwala

Departments of Mechanical Engineering

Academic Year :2020-21

Course : ME-3-I Subject & Code : MEM(22343)

Project Tittle : Prepare a Chart of Iron carbide equilibrium diagram.

Project Group :

Roll No Enrollment No Name of Student

2016800086 Hiren Rajesh Kondkar.
2016800085 Nitin Sopan wavhal.

Subject Teacher H.O.D Principal

Devi Mahalaxmi Polytechnic,Titwala

Certificate

Certified that this Report submitted by,

Mr/Ms :- Hiren Rajesh Kondkar Enroll No:- 2016800086

Mr/Ms :- Nitin Sopan Wavhal Enroll No:- 2016800085

Seat no : 291091 of Mechanical Engineering course 3rd /2nd Sem/Year

as a part of PROJECT WORK as prescribed by the Maharashtra Board of Technical

Education ,Mumbai for Subject MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS.

And that , I have Guided him for the said work from time to time and I found him to be

satisfactorily progressive during the Academic Year 2020-2021.

And that the said work has been assessed by me and I am satisfied that the same is up to the

standard envisaged for the level of course.

Date : 09/030/2021

Name & signature of Name and signature of Principal

Internal Examiner H.O.D/ External Examiner
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Topic :- Prepare a chart of Iron Carbide Equilibrium

Diagram .

INTRODUCTION :-

The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram

Iron is a substance of allotropy. Alloy components, the
most significant of which is carbon, influence the
temperature at which the allotropic modifications occur
in iron. In this paper is provided information about the
part of the iron"carbon alloy scheme that is of concern to
technicians.

The Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram

The iron-carbon composite scheme diagram portion

between plain iron and an interstitial compound, iron
carbide (Fe3C), comprising 6.67 percent by weight is
called iron-iron carbide balance diagram. It may be
observed that although it is called as a diagram of
equilibrium, it is not a real diagram of equilibrium, as
equilibrium does not imply a shift of stage with moment.
The iron carbide compound actually breaks down into
metal and coal (graphite). This decomposition takes a
long time to form graphite at room temperature, even at
1300Â ° F. The metastable stage is called the iron
carbide. Thus, although the iron-iron carbide diagram
technically reflects metastable circumstances, under
comparatively gentle heating and cooling circumstances
it can be regarded as depicting alterations in equilibrium.

The figure above demonstrates an iron-iron carbide

balance diagram marked with Greek letters in particular
to depict the strong alternatives. However, giving unique
names to most of the constructions appearing on the
diagram is prevalent practice. The strong solution from
Î3 is called austenite. The diagram displays three
horizontal lines indicating isothermal responses.

The extended perspective of the diagram part in the

bottom left corner of the diagram is shown in the
following picture.

Due to the solid solution of the Î, this part of the diagram

is regarded as delta region. A peritectic reaction is the
horizontal line at 2720Â ° F. The peritectic response
equation can be published as
At point M, the maximum carbon solubility in b.c.c. Î ' Fe is
0.10%. Carbon presence influences the allotropic shift
between Î ' and Î3. As the carbon concentration in iron
increases, the allotropic change temperature increases at 0.1
percent carbon from 2554 to 2720Â ° F.

On cooling, the NM line represents the start of the change in

crystal structure from b.c.c. Î' Fe to f.c.c. Î3 Fe for metals
comprising less than 0.1% water. By means of a peritectic
response for alloys between 0.10 and 0.18 percent carbon,
the MP part of row MPB reflects the start of this crystal
structure shift. On drying, the start of the glass shape shift is
provided by the row NP for plastics comprising less than
0.18% oxygen. The PB part reflects the start and end of the
shift in the crystal structure through the peritectic response.

That is, the allotropic shift starts and finishes at steady

temperature for alloys between 0.18 and 0.50 percent
carbon. Any metal comprising more than 0.5% oxygen can be
seen to trim the diagram to the left of point B and solidify
straight to austenite. It will totally bypass the delta solid
solution and the allotropic shift.

The following picture indicates the equilibrium diagram of

iron-iron carbide marked with the popular names for the
constructions.
It can be seen that at 2065Â ° F there is an eutectic
response. The eutectic point E is 4.3% biomass and the
eutectic wind range CED. Whenever this row is passed
by an alloy, there must be an eutectic response. Any
liquid present at the time of reaching this line must now
solidify into the very good blend of the two stages at
either end of the horizontal line, namely austenite and
metal carbide (called cement). This eutectic mixture is
called ledeburite and can be described as a response

As shown in the figure, each alloy will consist of a

mixture of ferrite and cementite below the eutectoid
temperature line HJK.

Depending on the carbon content, dividing the iron-iron

carbide diagram into two components is prevalent
practice. Alloys that contain less than 2% of carbon are
known as steels and metals that contain more than 2%
of carbon are regarded as cast iron. The variety of metal
is further reduced by the quantity of eutectoid carbon
(0.8% C). Steels comprising less than 0.8% C are called
hypoeutectoid steels, while steels comprising between
0.8% and 2.0% C are called hypereutectoid steels.
Eutectic carbon content (4.3 percent C) also subdivides
the cast iron variety. Cast iron comprising less than
4.3% C is known as hypoeutectic cast iron and those
comprising more than 4.3% C are regarded as
hypereutectic cast iron.

Micro-constituents/Structures

Names are given to various micro-constituents

for descriptive or commemorative reason.
Information about them is given below.

Cementite or metal carbide 

The formation of cementite requires a set quantity of coal

and a set quantity of metal. Fe3C is his chemical formula. It
includes by weight 6.67 percent of coal. It is a compound of
difficult and brittle interstitial poor tensile strength (about
5000 psi) but elevated compressive strength. Its
orthorhombic crystal structure. It is the easiest building on
the carbide diagram of iron-iron.
Austenite

The name provided to the strong solution Î3 is Austenite. It is

an interstitial strong carbon solution deposited in Î3 metal
with a face-centered cubic framework (f.c.c.) of crystal.
Maximum solubility at 2065Â ° F (point C) is 2% nitrogen.

Average properties of austenite are as under.

Tensile strength: 150,000 psi
Elongation: 10 % in 2 in. gage length
Hardness: Rockwell C 40
Toughness: High
Austenite at room temperature is usually volatile. Austenite
can be obtained at room temperature under certain
circumstances (as in stainless steels from austenite).
Austenite has no magnetic character.
Ledeburite 
It is the eutectic mix of austenite and cement. It has a carbon
content of 4.3% and is formed at 2065Â ° F (point E). It occurs
when the fuel content exceeds 2%, which constitutes the
separating line between steel and cast iron on the balance
diagram.

Ferrite

The name provided to the α strong solution is ferrite. It is an

interstitial solid solution of a small amount of carbon
dissolved in α iron with a crystal structure centered on the
body (b.c.c.). The maximum solubility at 1333Â ° F (point H) is
0.025% oxygen, and at room temperature it dissolves only
0.008% oxygen. It is the weakest iron-iron carbide diagram
framework.
Average properties of ferrite are as under.
Tensile Strength: 40,000 psi
Elongation: 40 % in 2 in. gage length
Hardness: Less than Rockwell C 0 or less than Rockwell B 90
Toughness: Low.
The iron-carbon diagram. It should first be pointed out
that the normal equilibrium diagram really represents
the metastable equilibrium between iron and iron
carbide (cementite). Cementite is metastable, and the
true equilibrium should be between iron and graphite.
CONCLUSION :-

A study of the constitution and structure of all steels and

irons must first start with the iron-carbon equilibrium
diagram. Many of the basic features of this system
influence the behavior of even the most complex alloy
steels.

From all the above theory we should understand the chart

of iron carbide equilibrium diagram.

THANK YOU