A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

GEOGR APHY OF INDIGENOUS SOUL

Emerli Schlögl(*)

RESUMO
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ABSTR ACT
The natives of the forests with their mythologies, rituals and ethics have established important
relations between diverse elements of the forest, such as mineral, vegetal, animal and human
also with air, earth, stars, fire, thunder, water and mountains, thus they became subjects of
these relations and considered these relations as sacred. In this way they claim the spaces as
spirits and these in turn contain in them the diversity of other spirits. All of these spirits are
expressions of their life and therefore are companions and auxiliaries. Sometimes when these
spirits become angry, they create disharmony and disorder. In this sacred space also exists the
acceptance of different emanations of the spirits, at the same time there is a search for consensus
and harmonization between the human person and the nature. The result of this relation
is a visible living geography, such as the sacred Mother Earth and nothing apart from her.
KEYWORDS: Natives of the forest. Spaces. Sacred. Myth. Ritual.

MNO
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&$"I'*'7<-".$/"#+!>01!'"%$),'&'"#'*'"'"U+$2*'(1'"&'"L+)121;$?"E-mail: emerli@zipmail.com.br

INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 89

 Emerli Schlögl

RSHL @TWX

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90 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010

 A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

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mundo e seus sentidos.

Qualquer conteúdo simbólico, qualquer objeto, já que todos os objetos podem também
ser considerados como símbolos, qualquer comportamento de cunho cultural pode ser
interpretado (vale dizer analisado) sob vários pontos de vista (AUGRAS, 1980, p.19).

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INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 91

 Emerli Schlögl

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O espaço de representação refere-se a uma instância da experiência da espacialidade

originária na contextualização do sujeito. Sendo assim, trata-se de um espaço simbólico
que perpassa o espaço visível e nos projeta no mundo. Dessa maneira, articula-se ao
espaço da prática social e de sua materialidade imediata (p. 101).

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92 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010

 A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

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+,+*7'"!+"*+')1E'"+/".'&'"'*.$=A*1!?"J"'"7',0*+E'",$*7'=!+"$")+1,$"&+"'/$*-".$*+!"
+"#+*(0/+!">0+"'.$):+"$!"+7'/$*'&$!"+"#$!!141)1,'"'".$7.*+,1E'5;$"&$"'/$*?"

INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 93

 Emerli Schlögl

MBOFF-"]^^a-"#?gqO
"S+!,+"/1,$">0+"*+b7+"'",+/<,1.'"&$"'/$*-"&'"7',0*+E'-"+"&'")0,'"+7,*+"
$"p+/"+"$"G')-"+7.$7,*'/$!"'"2+$2*'(1'"/$&+)'&'"#+)'!"($*5'!"!$4*+=7',0*'1!"
+"+7.$7,*'/$!"%<*1$!"+)+/+7,$!"!'2*'&$!".$/$"'"<20'-"'"#+&*'-"'"#)'7,'"+"$"
'*.$=A*1!?"H$&$!"+!,+!"+)+/+7,$!"&R%17$!"!;$"#+*!$7'2+7!"&'":1!,P*1'"'$"/+!/$"
,+/#$"+/">0+""($*/'/"'"#'1!'2+/-">0+"!+"&+/$7!,*'"',1%'-"%1%'-",*'7!($*/'-
&$*'"+"&$,'&'"&+"1/'7B7.1'?"Y !"A7&1$!"!+"&1*121'/"'",$&$"!+*"%1%+7,+".$/$"
Y%P!Z"r"'!"<*%$*+!-"'!"#+&*'!-",0&$Z"M$(,-.&))-aff^-"#?"k]O?
S+!,+"',$"&+",$*7'*"!08+1,$",$&'"'"7',0*+E'".1*.07&'7,+"$!"#$%$!"&'!"()$-
*+!,'!",*'7!($*/'*'/"!0'!"*+)'56+!".$/"$"+!#'5$"+/"*+)'56+!"4'!+'&'!"+/"0/'"
($*,+"3,1.'"#+.0)1'*"'",$&$"$"!+0"#*$.+!!$"&+"!'.*')1E'5;$"&'"%1&'"+"&$"+!#'5$?
Q".$1!1(1.'5;$"&$"+!#'5$"($1"17,*$&0E1&'"7$",+**1,P*1$"7'.1$7')"#+)'"17!-
,1,015;$".*1!,;"&+"0/"&'&$"#+*A$&$":1!,P*1.$-"17,+*#*+,'&'"#+)'".$)_71'"#$*,0-
20+!'"7'"3#$.'"&'"17%'!;$"&$"p*'!1)-"ag^^?"Q"#'*,1*"&'".:+2'&'"&$!"#$*,020+-
!+!"+/",+**'!"4*'!1)+1*'!"'"/','-"$"41.:$-"'!"*1>0+E'!"/17+*'1!-"+"$"#*P#*1$"#$%$"
A7&1$"($*'/"%1!,$!".$/$"Y.$1!'!Z"+"'"1&+1'"&$"Y7P!Z""'#'*,$0=!+"&+"!0'"*+)'5;$"
#'*'".+&+*")02'*"#'*'"$"$48+,$"'"!+*"+C#)$*'&$?

Quando o “vós” se transforma em “coisa”, você já não sabe de que relação se trata. A
relação do índio com os animais difere de nossa relação com eles, na medida em que
vemos os animais como forma inferior de vida. Na Bíblia, somos informados de que
somos os senhores da terra. (...) Um índio pawnee disse ‘No início de todas as coisas,
sabedoria e conhecimento estavam com o animal. Porque Tirawa, Aquele-que-está-
-acima, não se dirigiu diretamente ao homem. Ele mandou alguns animais contarem
à humanidade que Ele se mostrava través da besta. E que o homem deveria aprender
com os animais, com as estrelas, com o sol e a lua’” (CAMPBELL, 1990, p. 82).

!"'71/'1!-"4+/".$/$",$&$!"$!"!+*+!"&'"7',0*+E'-"!;$",'/43/"#'*,+"&'"
&+(1715;$"&+"0/'"2+$2*'(1'"!+/#*+"+/",*'7!($*/'5;$?"H+/$!"7+!,'".$7.+#5;$"
$"!'2*'&$"&+)17+'7&$"$".$7,$*7$"&$!"+!#'5$!":'41,'&$!"#+)'!"#$#0)'56+!?" !"
A7&1$!-" .1+7,+!" &+!,'" #*+!+75'-" !+" *+)'.1$7'/" .$/" $" !+0" +7,$*7$" &+" /$&$" '"
*+.$7:+.+*"+/",$&'!"'!""($*/'!"'"+C1!,B7.1'"$"Y7P!Z-"$">0+"%+/"'"1/#*1/1*"+/"
!0'!"*+)'56+!".$,1&1'7'!".$/"$"'/41+7,+"0/".$/#$*,'/+7,$""3,1.$"#*$(07&'-
/+7,+"/'*.'&'"#+)$"*+.$7:+.1/+7,$"&$"!'2*'&$?

SQHTLJsQ9"YD LI "@ "@RtRS "IQRZ

" !"+!#'5$!"*+)121$!$!"!;$"#*+&$/17'7,+/+7,+"$*2'71E'&$!".$/"$"17-

94 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010

 A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

,01,$"&+"/$41)1E'*"7'!"#+!!$'!"+/$56+!"+"#+7!'/+7,$!">0+"17.1,+/"'"!0'"#'*-
,1.1#'5;$"/A!,1.'"+"'"!0'"',1,0&+"&+%$.1$7')?
D$7($*/+"U1)"V1):$"M]^^kO"Y$"+!#'5$"3"!1720)'*""7'"17,015;$"/A,1.$=*+-
)121$!'Z"M#?"`hO-"#'*'"+!,+"2+P2*'($"Y$"+!#'5$"!'2*'&$"3"#*$&0,$"&'".$7!.1B7.1'"
*+)121$!'".$7.*+,'"+-"7+!,+".$7,+C,$-"7;$"3"#$!!A%+)"'"!+#'*'5;$"+7,*+"#$!15;$"+"
.$7,+b&$"M???OZ"M#?`aO?
I'*'"$!"#$%$!"&'!"()$*+!,'!"'"&17c/1.'"&$"+!#'5$"!'2*'&$"3".$/#)+,'-"
.1*.0)'*-"17,+2*',1%'-"+",$,')1E'7,+-"#$1!"7;$":<"'"&1%1!;$"+7,*+"$"!'2*'&$"+"$"#*$-
('7$?" "!'2*'&$"+!,<"#*+!+7,+"+/",$&'"'"7',0*+E'-"'"+!#'.1')1&'&+".1*.07&'7,+"
&$"17&A2+7'"3"#$*"!1"!P"&1%17'-"!+0".$,1&1'7$"+!,<"17!+*1&$"7+!,+"+!#'5$"!'2*'&$"
$">0+",$*7'".'&'"/$/+7,$".$,1&1'7$"0/"/$/+7,$"&+"%1%B7.1'"!'2*'&'?
Q"/b!1.'"#$#0)'*"4*'!1)+1*'-"17,1,0)'&'"YQ/$*"&+"l7&1$Z-".$/#$!,'"#$*"
p+,$"U0+&+!"+"L$7')&$"p'!,$!-"171.1'".$/"$"%+*!$">0+"&1E">0+"Y,0&$"$">0+"
/$%+"3"!'2*'&$Z?"S'".$7.+#5;$"&$!"#$%$!"&'"()$*+!,'",$&'"'"%1&'"3"!'2*'&'"+"
7'".$7.+#5;$"&'"(A!1.'".$7,+/#$*c7+'",0&$">0+"+C1!,+"7$"071%+*!$"+!,<"+/"/$-
%1/+7,$?" "<,$/$"($*/'&$*"&'"/',3*1'"+!,<"+/".$7!,'7,+"/$%1/+7,$?"@+!,+"
/$&$-"#$&+/$!".:+2'*"'".$/#*++7!;$"&+">0+",0&$"3"!'2*'&$-",0&$"+!,<"+/"
.$7!,'7,+"/$%1/+7,$"+"+!,+"3"$"!+7,1&$"7$">0')"!+"/$%+"$"'(+,$"17&A2+7'?
!"#$%$!"&'"()$*+!,'".$/#*++7&+/">0+"$"!'2*'&$"!+"+!#*'1'"+/",$&'!"'!"
($*/'!"+"3"7'"*+)'5;$".$/",$&'!"'!"($*/'!"&+"+7+*21'">0+"+)+"&1')$2'".$/"$"/07-
&$"!0#*'!+7!A%+)"+"#+*.+4+"!+0".$,1&1'7$".$/$"')2$"17&1!!$.1<%+)"&$"!'2*'&$?"
Q"7',0*+E'"&'">0')"+/+*2+"$"A7&1$"'#*+!+7,'=!+"#'*'"+)+".$/$"$"')('"+"
$"_/+2'"&'"+C1!,B7.1'?"

Para o povo indígena, os ancestrais que regem a natureza acompanham todas a evolu-
ção humana, como semeadores que espalham sementes pela terra e observam, nutrem
e cuidam até que elas frutifiquem. O índio surgiu desses ancestrais sagrados: sol, lua,
arco-íris, terra, água, fogo e ar. Dos reinos vegetal, animal, mineral. O ser índio foi se
amalgamando como esses seres sagrados. E dessa diversidade emergiram tribos, povos,
línguas. Essas tribos, de tão antigas, guardam a história de suas civilização como um
sonho-memória, de um tempo tão remoto que parece até mesmo anteceder a memória
do próprio tempo. (JECUPÉ, 1998, p. 58).

J!,+"#'*+7,+!.$"&$"A7&1$".$/"$!"+)+/+7,$!"&'"7',0*+E'"('E".$/"+)+"+!-
,+8'"071&$"&+"0/"/$&$"/01,$"A7,1/$"'",$&'!"'!"($*5'!"+"($*/'!">0+"+/'7'/"
&$"U*'7&+"J!#A*1,$?
S'".'75;$"U0'*'71-"17,1,0)'&'"Y *+*0"S:/'7&0"H0#;Z"M$/ ,&,0+*(
VIVA #(!+("*-"!u&O"$!"A7&1$!"&'".$/071&'&+"&+"K;$"I'0)$-".'7,'/"#'*'"$!"

INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 95

 Emerli Schlögl

!+0!"#'1!">0+"!;$"$"K$)"+"$"H*$%;$-"7+!,'".'75;$"*+.$7:+.+/"!+0"#'*+7,+!.$"+"
$")$0%'/?"J/"$0,*'"/b!1.'"U0'*'71-".'7,'&'"#+)$!"A7&1$!"&'"')&+1'"Q*.$=R*1!"
&+"I1*'>0'*'uI'*'7<-"$",+C,$"+C#*+!!'">0+"'"#)'7,'5;$"3"$".$*#$"&$"&1%17$"#'1"
S+!,+!"&$1!"+C+/#)$!"#$&+/$!"%+*1(1.'*".$/$"'"S',0*+E'"3"#'*,+"17&1!-
!$.1<%+)"&$"U*'7&+"J!#A*1,$"+".$/$"$"!+*"A7&1$"!1271(1.'",'/43/"('E+*"#'*,+"
deste todo.
e+.0#3"MaffkO"'(1*/'">0+"#'*'"$"A7&1$",$&'!"'!"#')'%*'!"#$!!0+/"+!#A-
*1,$"Y0/"7$/+"3"0/'"')/'"#*$%1&'"&+"0/"'!!+7,$Z"M#?"ahO-"&+!,+"/$&$",$&'"'"
%1&'"+C#*1/+"$"+!#A*1,$"+/"/$%1/+7,$?""YD'4+")+/4*'*">0+",0&$"+7,$'9"#+&*'-"
#)'7,'-"41.:$"2+7,+-".30-",+**'Z"M &$!-1-"affk-"#?ahO?
J!,+"+7,$'*"&+",$&$!"$!"+!#A*1,$!-">0+"3"$"+C1!,1*"&'"#*P#*1'"7',0*+E'-"3"
*1,0')1E'&$"&1'*1/+7,+"#+)$!"A7&1$!"+/"!+0!".'7,$!"+"&'75'!"!'2*'&'!?

LRHTQm9" S@J" "JKIQW "DQSHQ"J"@QSWQ"D G" "lS@R

T/"C'/;"4$!>0A/'7$"&+!.*+%+"!0'"+C#+*1B7.1'"*1,0')A!,1.'"&'"!+2017,+"
($*/'9"Yj0'7&$"'!"#+!!$'!".'7,'/-"+0"&'75$?"J0"+7,*$"7'",+**'?"t$0"',3"0/"
)02'*".$/$"'>0+)+"$7&+"'!"#+!!$'!"4+4+/"<20'?"V'5$"0/'")$72'"%1'2+/"#'*'"
/01,$")$72+Z"M$(,-.&))-"aff^-"#?"faO?
Q!!1/-"%+*1(1.'/$!">0+"'"+C#+*1B7.1'"/A!,1.'"17&A2+7'"7;$"!+"4'!+1'"+/""
'('!,'*"$"!08+1,$"&+"!0'"7',0*+E'"+"&+"!+0"+!#'5$-"'$".$7,*<*1$-"+7*'AE'"$"!+*"+"
'#*$(07&'=$"+/"!0'!"#*P#*1'!"$*12+7!"7',0*'1!?"Q"!'4+&$*1'"+"$".$7:+.1/+7,$"
!;$"*+%+)'&$!"#+)$"+7.$7,*$"A7,1/$"+7,*+"$"l7&1$"+"'"G;+"H+**'?"@+!,+"/$&$-"
'$".$7,*<*1$"&'"%1!;$"#!1.'7')A,1.'"$.1&+7,')">0+"&+!.*+%+"'"8$*7'&'"!$)1,<*1'"&$"
17&1%A&0$"*0/$"d"&1(+*+7.1'5;$-"$!"R7&A2+7'!"+7,*+2'/=!+"d"+C#+*1B7.1'"/A!,1-
.'"&'"17&1!!$.1'5;$-"&$"*+,$*7$"&+"!0'"7',0*+E'"#+!!$')""d"7',0*+E'"#*1/$*&1')-"
coletiva e sustentadora.
S'"$4!+*%'5;$"&$!"*1,$!"#$&+/$!".$/#*++7&+*">0+"'"*+)121;$"&$"A7&1$"
3"0/'"*+)121;$"&'"7',0*+E'?

A palavra religião significa religio, religar. Se dizemos que há uma única vida em nós ambos,
então, minha existência separada foi ligada à vida una, religio, religada. Isso está simbolizado
nas imagens da religião, que representam aquela união (CAMPBELL, 1990, p. 224)

S+!,+"!+7,1&$",')%+E"!+8'"17'&+>0'&$"0,1)1E'*/$!"'"#')'%*'"*+)121;$"+/"!+"
,*','7&$"&+".0),0*'"17&A2+7'-""0/'"%+E">0+"#'*'"$!"A7&1$!"7;$":<"7+.+!!1&'&+"
&+":'%+*"0/'"*+)12'5;$-"#$1!"+!,+"8<"!+"#+*.+4+"17,1/'/+7,+")12'&$"d"S',0*+E'"

96 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010

 A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

+"#$*,'7,$-"'$"U*'7&+"J!#A*1,$-"<"U*'7&+"G;+?"S;$"3"#*+.1!$"Y*+)121;$Z"#'*'"
*+')1E'*"+!,'".$7!.1B7.1'"071(1.'&$*'-"#$1!"+)'"8<"+C1!,+"7'"17,+*1$*1&'&+"&+".'&'"
A7&1$?"K+0!"*1,0'1!"+"!0'"/1,$)$21'""/$!,*'/".)'*'/+7,+".$/$"+!,+!"#$%$!"+!-
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#'*'"%1%+*"0/'"%1&'".0*',1%'?
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&15;$".$7:+.1&'".$/$"$".'/17:$"&$"#P)+7?" "+)+/+7,$"#P)+7"!1271(1.'"+7,*+"
$0,*'!" .$1!'!" '" #'E-" '" #*$!#+*1&'&+-" '" (+)1.1&'&+" +" '" 4+)+E'?" J!,+" .'/17:$" 3"
'>0+)+">0+".$7&0E"'"#+!!$'"d!"4B75;$!-"$0"'$"*+.$7:+.1/+7,$"&'"'407&c7.1'"
&+"#)+71,0&+"+/"!0'"%1&'?"D+*,'!"%+E+!-"$"#P)+7"+C,*'A&$"&$"#+7&;$"&$"/1):$"
3"+!#'):'&$"7'!".'4+5'!"+"7'!"4$.'!-".$/$"!A/4$)$"&+!,'"4+75;$?""Y "/1):$"
3"$"+1C$"&'"%1&'"7'%'8$-"+"$"#P)+7"3"'"!0'"+!!B7.1'Z"M2("/"&+-"aff`-"#?"ak`O?"
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):$"#'!!'"'"!+*"$"G+717$"G1):$"p*'7.$-"+"'"G+717'"G1):$"Q/'*+)$-"$"IP)+7"
!+"#+*!$71(1.'".$/$"G+717$"IP)+7"+"G+717'"p+!$0*$?"
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+"+)+"3".$7:+.1&$".$/$"$"'/'&0*+.+&$*-"!1/4$)1E'7&$"$"#$&+*"(+*,1)1E'&$*?
S$"*1,0')"$"#$&+*"&$"#P)+7"3"17%$.'&$"'"(1/"&+">0+"!+"'('!,+/"$!"#+*1-
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aff^-"#?"]]gO?
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&$-"3"#*+.1!$">0+"'"#+!!$'"!+"&+!.04*'"%1%'"+/"0/"/07&$"%1%$-"3"#*+.1!$">0+"
*+!#1*+"$"#P)+7"+"!+"!17,'"(3*,1)"#'*'"()01*".1*.0)'*/+7,+"+/":'*/$71'".$/",$&$"
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S$"*1,0')"$".$*#$",$*7'=!+"',1%$-"3"7+)+">0+"!+"*+')1E'",$&'"'"/A!,1.'-"!+8'"

INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 97

 Emerli Schlögl

7$".$*#$"&'",+**'".$/"!0'!"+!#'.1')1&'&+!-"!+8'"7$".$*#$"(A!1.$"&$"A7&1$">0+"
7+)+"!+"$*1+7,'"+"17,+2*'?
["$".$*#$">0+"+7,*'"+/"Y#'*,1.1#'5;$"/A!,1.'Z-"+/"BC,'!+!?"J!,+"/+!/$"
.$*#$" 3" '" !A7,+!+" &+" 17b/+*'!" +7+*21'!" >0+" .$7!,1,0+/" $" !+*" A7&1$?" D$7($*-
/+".+*,'!"7'56+!"17&A2+7'!"4*'!1)+1*'!-".$/$"$!"H0#17'/4<"+"H0#1=U0'*'7A-"$"
.$*#$"#$*"/+1$"&$!"*1,0'1!""*+')1E'"'"&+)1.'&'"'(17'5;$"&'"/+7,+"+"&$"+!#A*1,$?

Os Tubuguaçu entendem o espírito como música, uma fala sagrada (nê-enporã) que se
expressa no corpo: e este, por sua vez, é flauta (Umbaú), veículo por onde flui o canto
que expressa o Avá ( o ser luz-som-música), que tem sua morada no coração. Essa
flauta é feita de urdidura de quatro angás-mirins (pequenas almas), que fazem parte
dos quatro elementos: terra, água, fogo e ar. Eles precisam estar afinados para melhor
expressar o Avá que é a porção-luz que sustenta o corpo-ser, que, para os ancestrais
é o fogo sagrado que move os guerreiros, dando-lhes vitalidade, capacidade criativa e
realizadora.. Por isso fez o Jeroki, a dança, com o fim de afinar todos os espíritos peque-
nos do ser. Para que cante sua música no ritmo do coração da Mãe Terra, que dança
no ritmo do coração do Pai Sol, que, por sua vez, dança no ritmo do Mboray, o Amor
Incondicional, abençoando todas as estrelas [...] (JECUPÉ, 1998, p. 24).

!" /1,$!" *+)121$!$!-" #$*" /+1$" &'" #')'%*'" !1/4P)1.'-" .$7,'/" :1!,P*1'!"
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#+)'"/$*,+?" !"*1,$!"!'.*')1E'/"$",+/#$-"+!!'".1*.0)'*1&'&+"/'*.'"$"*1,/$"&'"
+C1!,B7.1'"&+".'&'"0/?"K+7&$"'!!1/-"$"/1,$"+C#)1.'"$!".1.)$!-"$"/1,$"7'!.+"&$"
/1!,3*1$"+"#$*"/+1$"&'")1720'2+/"!1/4P)1.'"!+",$*7'"'.+!!A%+)"'$!"!+*+!-"+7-
>0'7,$">0+"$"*1,$"/'*.'"$".$*#$"#$*"/+1$"&$"%1%1&$?

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INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 99

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100 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010

 A GEOGRAFIA DA ALMA INDÍGENA

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INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010 101

 Emerli Schlögl

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Recebido em 02/04/2010
Aprovado em 21/05/2010

102 INTERAÇÕES - Cultura e Comunidade / Uberlândia / v. 5 n. 7 / p. 89-102 / jan./jun. 2010