Sheet Six Heat Transfer by Forced Convectio.

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@ A large flat plate 4 m long and 1 m wide is exposed to an atmospheric air at 2rC
with a velocity of 50 km/h in the direction parallel to the 4 m dimension. If the plate is
maintained at 77 DC.Calculate: (a) the total heat loss. (b) the heat flux in Watts per square

o
meter at x locations of 3 ern and 2m.
A flat steel plate is placed over a conveyor to transport it after curing process. If
the initial temperature of the flat plate is 100°C and the ambient air temperature is 30°C,
calculate the rate of heat transfer if the conveyor velocities of 6.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s. Take the
width of the plate to be 1m and its length in direction of motion is 1.5m.
3. A heating system is to be designed to keep the wings of an aircraft cruising at a
velocity of 350 km/h above freezing temperature during flight at 12200 m altitude where
the standard atmospheric conditions are -55.4 DCand 18.8 kPa. Approximating the wing
as a cylinder of elliptical cross section whose minor axis is 30 ern and disregarding
radiation, determine the average convection heat transfer coefficient on the wing surface
and the average rate of heat transfer per unit surface area.
4. Steel plates of thickness 8 = 6mm and length L= 1m on a side, are conveyed from
a heat treatment process and are concurrently cooled by atmospheric air of velocity
u.s= IOm/s and T",,=20°C in parallel flow over the plates. If the initial temperature of the
plate is 300°C, calculate the rate of heat transfer from the plate. Also calculate the time
required for the temperature of the plate to reach 50°C. The thermal conductivity of steel
is 50· W/m.K.

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Air 1100, Too

5. The components of an electronic system are located in a 1.5 m long horizontal

duct whose cross section is 20 em x 20 em, The components in the duct are not allowed
to come into direct contact with cooling air, and thus are cooled by air at 30 DCflowing
over the duct with a velocity of200 m/min. If the surface temperature of the duct is not to
exceed 65 DC, determine the total power rating of the electronic devices that can be
mounted into the duct.
1
 Electronic
components
inside

30°C
200 m/min

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6. Water at 15°C is to be heated to 65 °C by passing it over a bundle of 4 m long 1

em diameter resistance heater rods maintained at 90°C. Water approaches the heater rod
bundle in normal direction at a mean velocity of 0.8 mls. The rods are arranged in line
with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = 4 em and ST = 3 em. Determine the
number of tube rows NL in the flow direction needed to achieve temperature rise.

Water
15°C
0.8 mis

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ISL =4 em I I

~Js
D= 1 ern
= 90"C

i i i !Sr=3 em
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(2) An air stream having a velocity of 10 mls and temperature of 20°C passes over a
bank of tubes that is a staggered type and consists of 18 rows in the longitudinal
direction and 5 rows in the transverse direction. Each tube has a diameter of 1 ern and
length of 1.2 m. The surface temperature of the tubes is maintained at 80°C. The spacing
between the tubes is as follows: So = 2 cm, ST = 4 cm and SL = 4 ern. It is required to
determine the exit temperature of the air stream after passing on the bank of tubes, the
heat transfer coefficient and the total heat transferred in the process. If all conditions
were kept constant plot a graph showing the relation between So/ST and the heat transfer
coefficient h for values of So = 1.5,2,2.5 and 3 cm. Comment on the plotted graph.
All properties except Prs are to be determined at the arithmetic mean temperature of the
fluid.
2
 8. A tube bank uses an aligned arrangement of 10mm diameter tubes with ST = SL =
20 mm. There are 10 rows of tubes with 50 tubes in each row. Consider an application
for which cold water flows through the tubes maintaining the outer surface temperature
at 27°C while the flue gases enter at 427°C and a velocity of Sm/sare in cross flow
over the tubes. The properties of the flue gas may be approximated as those of
atmospheric air at appropriate temperature. Calculate the rate of heat transfer from the
gases and also calculate the exit temperature of the gases from the bank of tubes.
® During plant visit, it was noticed that a 12 m long section of 10 em diameter
steam pipe is completely exposed to the ambient air. The temperature measurements
indicate that the average temperature of the outer surface of the steam pipe is 75°C when
the ambient temperature is YC. There are also light winds in the area at 10 kmIh.
Determine the amount of heat lost from the steam during 10 h long work day. Steam is
supplied by a gas fired steam generator that has an efficiency of 80 percent, and the plant
pays 0.54 LE/therm of natural gas (l therm = 105500 kJ). If the pipe is insulated and 90
percent of the heat loss is saved, determine the amount of money this facility will save a
year as a result of insulating the steam pipes. Assume the plant operates every day of the
)lear for 10 h.
('i'O) An electrical power transformer of diameter 300mm and height 500 mm
'crr;"sipates 1000W. It is desired to maintain its surface temperature at 47°C by supplying
water at 24°C through the thin walled tubing of 20mm diameter welded to the lateral
surface of the transformer .AlI the heat dissipated by transformer is assumed to be
transferred to the water. Assuming that the maximum allowable temperature rise of the
coolant to be 6°C and the flow is fully developed, determine the water flow rate and the
total length of the tubes required and the lateral spacing between the turns of the tubing.

3
11. Consider a flat plate solar collector such as that shown in figure. Copper tubing of
inner diameter 0= IOmm and total length L=8m is soldered to the back of the collector
plate which is maintained at a uniform temperature of Tp=70°C by the solar radiation.
The thermal resistance associated with conduction in the solder and tube wall may be
neglected as may the effect of serpentine arrangement on flow in tubes. If the water
enters at Tmi = 25°C and m = 0.0 I kg/s, calculate the exit temperature T rno and the total
rate of heat transferred.

-._-
Plate
at 70°C

u===~~ _ Tubing
D = 10 111m,L = 8m

Rear view