Q.No.

1:

Law
According to science, a law is a generalized statement set after a number of observations. A
law has no explanations or exceptions when it is framed. It is an obvious fact recorded after
observations.
A good example of this may be the force of gravity. It is observed that an apple falls down on
the surface of the Earth.

Theory
A theory is the explanation of the observational data set forward in the form of a law. In simple
words, a theory is the reasoning behind a law. It may also be put as an advanced or evolved
hypothesis. “Hypothesis” is a probable reason behind any observation. A hypothesis has to
undergo various tests. If the hypothesis holds well in different conditions, it may be accepted
as a theory.

Model

A model can simply be defined as an example of something. A model provides the individual
with a structural representation of the phenomenon, allowing him to gain a fuller understanding
of it. In various disciplines, models are used to comprehend the phenomena. This allows the
individual to build his theory based on the constructed model. In some cases, models are used
by scientists to support their ideas.

Q. No.2:
If air resistance is in the equation, the stone will reach the ground first because the item has
less air resistance than the paper, unless the paper is folded to be about the same size as the
stone.

Now, without air resistance, both will reach the ground at the same time.

Q.No3:

Volume of the cylinder is:

V = πr2h
For a cylinder whose base radius is 'r', and height is 'h', its volume will be base times the
height. Hence, the volume of a cylinder = πr2h cubic unit and can’t have πr3h.

Q. No.4:

A=4380cm2

Q. No.5

1mile=1609.34m

10.50miles= 16898.11m
1hour=3600s

0.5hour=1800s

Speed=16898.11/1800= 9.387m/s

Q.No.6

Plane A takes 21900s to cover 3000miles (4828032meters)

Plane B takes 20700s to cover 3000miles (4828032meters)

Speed of plane A= 4828032 /21900= 220.4580m/s

Speed of plane B=4828032/20700=233.2382m/s

Plane B is faster than Plane A by =233.3282-220.4580=12.7802m/s

Q.No.7:

The smallest scale division is a tenth of a centimeter1 mm. Therefore, the uncertainty ∆x =
smallest increment/2 = 1mm/2 = 0.5mm = 0.05cm.

Q.No.8:

The volume of the rectangular box and its uncertainty in cubic centimetre is:

11.44±0.54cm3

Explanation

We know the volume of a rectangular box is the multiplication of the sides:

Volume=1.80*2.05*3.10=11.44cm3

Now we need to know the uncertainty, the uncertainty of a multiplication is:

Where:

Volume uncertainty

Side 1 uncertainty (0.01cm)

Side 2 uncertainty (0.02cm)

Side 3 uncertainty (0.10cm)

Side 1 (1.80cm)

Side 2 (2.05cm)
Side 3 (3.10cm)
Clearing the uncertainty of the volume: 0.54cm3

The volume of the rectangular box and its uncertainty in cubic centimeters is:

11.44±0.54cm3

Q.No.9:
Significant figures are important because they allow us to keep track of the quality of
measurements. The number of digits used to express a measured or calculated quantity. By
using significant figures, we can show how precise a number is.
Q. No. 10:
5 Methods we use to measure time:
 Sundials.
 Water Clocks.
 Mechanical Clocks.
 Quartz Clocks.
 Atomic Clocks.