Exponentials and Logarithms Review

4.1 Inverses
1.) If f (5) = -9, then f −1(-9) = __
x+5
2.) Prove that g(x) = 4x – 5 and g−1 (x) = are inverses by using the Composition of Inverse
4
Functions Property.
3.) Find the inverse function of f(x) = -3x + 11

4.2 Exponential Functions

Use a calculator to evaluate. Round to thousandths.

4.) 7e 2 √3 +1 7.) 5√ 501−e

3
5.) 23 π −5 6.) 4 2e-5

**Know how the graphs for exponential functions (see bottom of page 102 for pertinent info).

4.3/4.4 Logarithmic Functions

8.) Change to exponential form. a.) log 7 ( 491 )=−2 b.) log 1000 = 3

9.) Change to logarithmic form. a.) 27 = 128 b.) 4 5= x

x ²( x−3) x ³ y⁶
10.) Expand. a.) log b.) log a
(x +2)³ √z
11.) Write as a single log. a.) 5log 5 ( x+ 1 )−3 log 5 x + log 5 (x + 4)

12.) Simplify. Round to thousandths. a.) log 7 51 b.) log √5 15

**Know how the graphs for logarithmic functions (see bottom of page 106 for pertinent info).

4.5 Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations. Use *Matching Bases on 2 problems*
Round to thousandths where necessary.

13) log 3 3243 = x 14) 5x = 72 15) 45x - 1 = 64 x + 1

16) log (x + 23) – log(x – 5) = log (x – 1) 17) log 9 9 + log 9 x2 = 3

1 2x + 3
18) ( ) = ( √7)4x -10 19) 12e6x = 60
49

20) log (9x - 1) = 5 21) log (x2 - 21 ) = 2

22) ln(2x - 1) + ln (x - 1) = ln 10
23.) The population of a city grows exponentially according to the function
f(t) = 12,800(1.14)t

What will the population be in 4 years? Round to hundreds.

About how many years would it take for the population to triple?

24.) a) If you deposit $5000 into an account paying 6% annual interest compounded monthly,
find the balance after 7 years?

b) If you deposit $8000 into an account paying 7% annual interest compounded quarterly,
how long until there is $12400 in the account? Round to nearest year.

25.) a) If interest is compounded continuously at 4.5% for 7 years, how much will a $2000

investment be worth at the end of 7 years?

b) How long will it take $3000 to double if it is invested in an account that pays 3% compounded
continuously? Round to nearest year
Answers:
1. 5
2. plug one “machine” into the other, and make sure you get x.
x−11
3. f −1 ( x )=
−3
4. 607.901
5. 21.478
6. 1.832
7. 40.353
1
8. a. 7−2= b. 10³ = 1000
49
9. a. log 2 128=7 b. log 4 x =5
1
10. a. 2log x + log(x – 3) – 3log (x + 2) b. 3log a x + 6log a y – log a z
2
( x +1 )5 ( x +4 )
11. log 5
x³
12. a. 2.021 b. 3.365
13. x = 7.358
14. x = 2.657
15. x=2
16. x = 9 (x = -2 is extraneous)
17. x = 9, -9 (both work ~ neither are extraneous)
18. x = -1/6
19. x = .268
20. x = 100001/9
21. x = 11, -11 (both work ~ neither are extraneous)
22. x = 3 (-3/2 is extraneous)
23. a. 21, 600 people b. about 8 years
24. a. $7601.85 b. about 6 years
25. a. $2740.52 b. about 23 years