11/12

English for Academic and

Professional Purposes

Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Data everywhere: Collecting data using
surveys, experiments, and observations

Lavie Claire A. Tado

Dexie Joy B. Magpantay
Authors

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

• The learner conducts surveys,
Ryl A.experiments,
Ruiz or observations.
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIe-j-8)
• Authorfrom surveys, experiments, or
The learner gathers information
observations.
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-9)
(EN7VC-I-d-6).
 LESSON 1: GATHERING DATA FROM SURVEYS

Before you begin working on this module, set aside other tasks, and find a comfortable
spot where you can focus on this lesson.

Follow the instructions below to make the most out of your time learning from this module.

1. Carefully read the content and instructions contained in this module.

2. Jot down important concepts on your notebook so you would not forget them.
3. Accomplish all the provided activities in the module.
4. Ask for assistance from your teacher/facilitator/guardian in assessing your answers
using the answer key card.
5. Raise concerns or questions you have in mind to your teacher/facilitator.
6. Have fun learning new things from this module!

This module was designed to help you understand the use of survey as a tool to gather
data. Specifically, different kinds of survey questions will be discussed which will equip you in
writing a questionnaire and conducting a survey.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

• explain the characteristics and uses of different survey questions;
• construct a survey questionnaire; and,
• conduct a survey.

Before you delve deeper into the topic, answer the Pre-Test below.

Identify the terms described below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.It is an instrument for collecting data consists of a series of questions where the respondents
provide answers.
A. construct B. questionnaire C. observation D. experiment

2.It is the trait or characteristic that the researcher wants to measure in a survey.
A. scale B. question C. construct D. questionnaire

3. In this type of survey question, the respondents are asked to freely give their ideas and insights
regarding an issue, a problem, or question.
A. closed B. dichotomous C. rank order D. open-ended

4. This kind of survey question consists of three or more mutually exclusive questions with
different categories.
A. closed B. rank order C. dichotomous D. open-ended
5.It is a kind of survey question where there are only two options provided like Agree/Disagree,
and Male/Female.
A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. rank order D. closed

Good job in answering the Pre-Test! You may request your

facilitator to check your work.

Let us check how well you remember and understand the principles in preparing
questionnaires for a survey. Put a check ( / ) if you agree with the statement; put an X inside the
box if you disagree.

□ 1. Preparing a list of questions before an interview is just a waste of time. The researcher can
carry on the interview without any planned questions.
□ 2. Ensuring that all questions are connected to the aims of your research is an essential step
in writing a questionnaire.
□ 3. Using technical jargons in your questionnaire can make it more appealing to the respondents.
□ 4. Conducting a pilot test is not necessary when writing questionnaires.
□ 5. Arranging questions logically from general to specific will make your questionnaire more
effective.

A survey provides a numerical description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population

by studying a sample group. In surveys, respondents are usually asked about their behavior,
attitudes, views, and beliefs on an issue or a problem by providing the same set of questions to
all the respondents (Barrot&Sipacio,2016).

Surveys have been useful

sources of information. Also, it served
as basis for decisions of individuals
and even in policy making especially
in the past months of combating the
COVID-19 pandemic.
For example, parents,
students, teachers, private company
employees, and other individuals
have been asked to answer surveys
to better understand a situation.
In conducting surveys, one of
the most important things to consider
is the development of questionnaires
(Wyson,2016). Thus, it is important to
ensure that questionnaires are well-
developed for the researcher to
gather accurate and sufficient data.
Source:https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScfDjsd2wxeGDiw2
Gb0Sc0uNlUnkMHYL15djeMGjCJGH0OQOQ/formResponse
QUESTIONNAIRE
According to Barrot & Sipacio (2016), a questionnaire is an instrument for collecting data
which consists of a series of questions where respondents provide answers. When constructing
a survey questionnaire, the following should be considered:
1.Scale- This measures how much people agree or disagree with various statements about the
study.
2.Construct- It is a trait or characteristic that you would like to evaluate or measure.

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1.Dichotomous Questions- In dichotomous question, only two choices are provided.
Examples: Male/Female Yes/No Agree/Disagree
2. Open-Ended Questions- In open-ended questions, the respondents are free to give their
ideas and insights on an issue.
Example: What are your favorite mobile games?

3.Closed Questions-They are also called Multiple-Choice Questions which consist of three or
more mutually exclusive questions with different categories.
Example: How often do you watch Korean dramas?
-Never -3 or 4 times a week? -Nearly everyday

4.Rating Scale Questions- This kind of question asks the level of agreement or disagreement
of the respondents to statements and questions.
Example: The restaurant serves quality food.
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Activity 1.1
Look for a sample survey online. Copy five questions and identify what kind of survey
question each item belongs by completing the table below.

QUESTION KIND OF SURVEY EXPLANATION

QUESTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 1.2
Construct a 4-item questionnaire about your classmates’ or schoolmates’ reasons for
choosing their strands. One question is to be allotted for each type of survey questions. Use a
separate sheet for your answer.
To write a well-developed survey questionnaire, keep in mind the following important concepts:
• A questionnaire is an instrument for collecting data.
• There are two components in constructing a questionnaire: scale and construct.
• The scale is how you want the respondents to answer the questions in your survey
while the construct is the trait or characteristic that you would like to measure.
• There are different types of survey questions. Each kind of question may be used
depending on the data needed.
• Dichotomous questions provide respondents with only two options.
• In open-ended questions, respondents are free to give their answers or insight.
• Closed questions are also called Multiple-Choice Questions.
• The level of agreement or disagreement of the respondents to statements and
questions is asked in rating scale questions.

Choose ONE from the topics below and create a questionnaire using the different types
of questions you learned from this lesson. Make 2 dichotomous questions, 3 open-ended
questions, 3 closed questions, and 5 rating scale questions in your questionnaire. Use a separate
sheet for your answer.

• Effectiveness of the government’s response to COVID-19 Crisis

• Effects of COVID-19 pandemic to students
• Effects of COVID-19 pandemic to parents

Read and analyze the following scenarios. Choose the type of survey question needed for
each item. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
__________1. A school librarian wants to gather the students’ opinion about the school’s library
services.
A. closed B. open-ended C. rating scale D. dichotomous
__________2. Barangay officials are interested to know if their constituents agree or disagree
with the community’s COVID guidelines.
A. closed B. open-ended C. rating scale D. dichotomous
__________3. Mr. Santos, a restaurant owner, needs to know the opinion of their customers on
the restaurant’s service, cleanliness, and quality of food.
A. closed B. open-ended C. rating scale D. dichotomous
__________4. A teacher conducts a survey about the challenges faced by Grade 11 students.
A. closed B. open-ended C. rating scale D. dichotomous
__________5. Ms.Dela Cruz, a Science Teacher, is interested to find out if the students would
like to begin a recycling program or not.
A. closed B. open-ended C. rating scale D. dichotomous
 After going through with the lessons and the different activities in this module, let us assess
by filling-in the graphic organizer below.

What is the most important thing you learned from this lesson?

How can this lesson help you as a Senior High School student?

Are there parts of the lesson or concepts from the discussion that are still
unclear to you?
 LESSON 2: GATHERING DATA FROM EXPERIMENTS
AND OBSERVATIONS

This lesson was designed to help you understand the use of experiments and
observations in collecting data. Protocols to be followed in conducting experiments and the kinds
of observations a researcher can use will also be discussed.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

• enumerate the guidelines in conducting experiments and observations;
• explain the characteristics of the different kinds of observations; and,
• conduct observations.

Before you delve deeper into the topic, answer the Pre-Test below.

Identify the terms described below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a procedure done scientifically and systematically that is aimed at discovering or proving a

hypothesis.
A. survey C. experiment
B. inference D. observation

2.It is used to validate results from other instruments by providing description of behavior among
participants.
A. survey C. observation
B. inference D. experiment

3.It is a kind of observation used when the people are not aware that they are being observed.
A. overt C. participant
B. covert D. non-participant

4. In this type of observation, the observer interacts directly with the subjects of the study.
A. overt C. participant
B. covert D. non-participant

5.If a researcher will conduct an observation among children, the most appropriate kind of
observation is _____________.
A. overt C. participation
B. covert D. non-participant

Good job on answering the Pre-Test! You may request your

facilitator to check your work.
 In the previous lesson, different survey questions were discussed. Let us check how well
you remember them by identifying the kind of question exemplified in each item. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.
_______________1. What do you consider as the top three difficult subjects in SHS?
_______________2. Have you ever been employed before? YES or NO
_______________3. The school has complete facility for students’ use.
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
_______________4. How many cellphones do you have at home?
1-2 3-5 6 or more
_______________5. How satisfied are you with the government’s response to COVID-19?
Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

Aside from surveys, experimentations and observations can also be valuable sources of
information. Through experimentation, researchers can systematically go through processes that
will allow them to test, prove or disprove a hypothesis to be able to answer questions prior to the
conduct of the experiment. Likewise, observations may be useful in confirming data gathered from
surveys and even experiments. The use of five senses is essential whenever researchers conduct
observations.

EXPERIMENT
According to Barrot& Sipacio (2016), an experiment is conducted to scientifically and
systematically discover and test hypothesis. It is usually done in a laboratory or in a natural setting
involving the following steps: (1) making observations; (2) developing the hypothesis; (3)
designing the experiment; (4) conducting the experiment and replicating the experiment; (5)
analyzing the results; and (6) formulating conclusions as to accept and reject the hypothesis.

OBSERVATION
Observation allows the description of behavior in a naturalistic or laboratory setting using
the observer’s five senses. In most cases, this method is used to cross-validate the results from
other instruments. There are different kinds of observation, namely: Non-participant, Participant,
Covert, and Overt Participation (Barrot&Sipacio, 2016).

Types of Characteristics
Observation
1.Non-participant -It allows the researcher to observe the subjects without interacting with
observation them.
-It is usually employed by psychologists when observing animals and
children.
2. Participant -It allows the researcher to interact actively with the subjects.
observation -In some cases, researchers immerse themselves in a group or community
for a long period of time.
3. Covert - In this kind of observation, the subjects are not aware that they are being
observation observed.
4. Overt - In this kind of observation, the subjects are aware that they are being
observation observed.
Activity 1.3
Watch a scientific experiment video uploaded online. Use the table below as guide in
writing your answers based on the video you watched. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Title of the experiment:

Materials used in the experiment:
Step-by-step procedure done:
Results of the experiment:
Conclusions:
Write the URL / website here :

Activity 1.4
Observe the people in your community while NCR is in General Community Quarantine
and answer the following guide questions. Use separate sheet/s for your answer necessary.

What safety protocols do the people in your

community practice during this General
Community Quarantine?
What were the changes you observed in your
community ever since Community Quarantine
took effect last March?

In conducting experiments and observations, the following should be kept in mind:

• An experiment is conducted to scientifically and systematically discover and test
hypothesis while observation allows the description of behavior in a naturalistic or
laboratory setting using the observer’s five senses.
• The researcher interacts actively with the subjects in participant observation while
interaction with the subjects is not done in non-participant observation.
• The subjects are aware that they are being observed in overt observation while
covert observation, the subjects are not aware

Search for a study with an experimental design. Analyze the methodology part of the
study. Using the graphic organizer below, show the process of the experimental research design.
Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Problem Respondents

Treatment
Results
applied
 Read the statements below. On the space provided before each number, write TRUE if
the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

__________1. Experiments are done systematically and scientifically to test hypothesis.

__________2. A non-participant type of observation allows the researcher to observe the subjects
while interacting with them.

__________3. Observations are used to validate results from other instruments.

__________4. Overt observation occurs when the subjects are not aware that they are being
observed.

__________5. Observers should never attempt to influence the behavior of people being
observed.

Ponder on the lesson discussed in this unit, then answer the following questions. You may
use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. Explain what you have learned about observation and experiment as data-gathering
techniques in fifty words.

2. Choose two key terms from the lesson and define them.
Term 1:
Definition:

Term 2:
Definition:

3. What was the hardest part of the lesson? Explain briefly.

4. How could you improve on your work?

References
Barrot, Jessie S., and Sipacio, Philippe John F. 2016. "English for Academic and Professional
Purposes". Quezon City : C&E Publishing .
Brown, Laura. n.d. "Observational Research". Last modified June 25,2020.
http://faculty.washington.edu/wpratt/MEBI598/Methods/Collecting%20Data%20Through%
20Observation.htm
Employee Daily Health Assessment. Last modified June 29, 2020 from
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScfDjsd2wxeGDiw2Gb0Sc0uNlUnkMHYL15dj
eMGjCJGH0OQOQ/formResponse
Saqueton, Grace M., and Uychoco Marikit Tara A. 2016. "English for Academic and
Professional Purposes", 1st ed. Quezon City: Rex Book Store .
Wyson, John Daryl B. 2016. "English for Academic and Professional Purposes" . Quezon City:
Vibal Group Inc.