Fibonacci Sequence and its Application

The Fibonacci Sequence

The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where a number is the addition of

two numbers that precede it, starting with 0 and 1.

0 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 + 2 = 5 + 3 = 8 + 5 = 13 + 8 = 21 …

The Rule

The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a “rule“.

First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards like this:

Written as a rule, the equation is:

xn = x n−1 + x n−2

For instance: Let n=6;

x n = x n−1 + x n−2

x 6 = x 6−1 + x 6−2

x6 = x5 + x4

x6 = 5 + 3

x6 = 8
 The Fibonacci Spiral and the Golden Ratio

The Fibonacci sequence is often visualized in a graph such as the image below.
Each of the squares illustrates the area of the next number in the sequence. The
Fibonacci spiral is then drawn inside the squares by connecting the corners of the
boxes.
The squares fit together perfectly because the ratio between the numbers in the
Fibonacci sequence is very close to the golden ratio, which is approximately
1.618. The larger the numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, the closer the ratio is to
the golden ratio.
The spiral and resulting rectangle are also known as the Golden Spiral and the
Golden Rectangle.

The blue rectangle where

the Golden Spiral is
The blue line is the
enclosed in is the Golden
Fibonacci Spiral or the
Rectangle
Golden Spiral.

Using The Golden Ratio to Calculate Fibonacci Numbers

What’s even more interesting is that we can calculate any Fibonacci Number using

the Golden Ratio:

φn− (1−φ )n
x n=¿
√5
The answer comes out as an approximate of a whole number, exactly equal to the
addition of the previous two terms.
For instance, to find x 6 or the 6th term of the Fibonacci sequence, change n to 6 in
the equation.
n n
φ − (1−φ )
x n=¿
√5
φ6 −( 1−φ )6
x 6=¿
√5
6 6
1.618 −( 1−1.618 )
x 6=¿
√5
x 6=¿ 7.99899683674
x 6=¿ 8

The Application of the Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio

Architecture - Many works of art are claimed to have been designed using the
golden ratio. E.g.: The Parthenon, according to some studies, has many
proportions that approximate the golden ratio.
Cosmetic and corrective dentistry - Dentists use the golden ratio during
corrective surgeries to have a relative proportion between the teeth and to
assure its natural and pleasing appearance.

Logos and trademarks - For construction of any kind of design, one can use the
beauty of the golden ratio to make great composition decisions quickly and easily
that have an inherent visual harmony that cannot be produced with any other
ratio.
The Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio are also applied in:
- Reconstructive and corrective facial surgery
- Automotive Designs
- Photo editing and composition