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Presentation - H. J. Feuerborn
Presentation - H. J. Feuerborn
Hans-Joachim Feuerborn
European
Coal Combustion
Products Association
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 1
Content
1. Introduction
3. Environmental regulations
4. Concluding remarks
Fly Ash
67.8 %
9.3 %
17.2 %
Bottom Ash
FGD Gypsum Boiler Slag, 3.2 %
SDA Product, 0.8% FBC Ash 1.7 %
total amount 65 million tonnes
Disposal, 3.7%
Temporary stockpile, 8.0%
Concrete
Addition Concrete Blocks
27.8%
5.8%
Blended
Road
Cement 11.3%
23.4% Construction,
Filling
Application
25.9%
Road Construction,
Filling Application
33.1%
4.6%
48.2% Others
10.4%
Cement
3.7%
Concrete
Blocks
Concrete
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Soundness 1) max. 10 mm w
Fineness 2) max. 40 w.-% d
Fineness variation ⌧3) ± 10 w.-% d
Activity index
1)
d : daily required only if CaOfrei > 1,0 w.-%
2)
w: once per week mass proportion in % of the ash retained when wet sieved
m: once per month on a 0,045 mm mesh sieve
3)
2 m: twice per month average value as declared by the producer
EN 450-1
Fly ash for concrete - Part 1:
Definition, specifications and conformity criteria
EN 450-2
Fly ash for concrete - Part 2:
Conformity evaluation
N 40 ± 10
S 12 no requirement
K1 ⋅ A1 + K 2 ⋅ A 2 + .... + Kn ⋅ An
M = 100 ⋅ ≤ 10 %
K c ⋅ A c + (K1 ⋅ A1 + K 2 ⋅ A 2 + .... + Kn ⋅ An )
• classification • blending
• selection • grinding
• sieving • carbon
reduction
• drying
(source: Vliegasunie)
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 23
Regulations for use of coal ash in concrete
(source: Surschiste)
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 24
Regulations for use of coal ash in concrete
capacity
60.000 tpa
DIN 18990
Fly ash for concrete
Attestation of conformity
EN 450-2
Fly ash for concrete - Part 2:
Conformity evaluation
Producer
Factory production control
• Internal quality control
• Autocontrol testing of fly ash samples
Certification body
Initial inspection
Evaluation of results of autocontrol testing
Audit testing of fly ash samples
Producer
„operator of a production plant“
or
„a person (natural or legal) authorised
by the production plant“
quality
control
internal
fly ash non
quality control silo 2
+ - fineness EN Q II
- LOI silo 1 EN 450
QI 450
01234
EN 450-1
„Fly ash for concrete“
Part 1: Definitions,
AnyCo Ltd, PO Box 21, B-1050
specifications and 05
conformity criterea 01234-CPD-00234
EN 450-1
• Soil stabilisation
• Landscaping
• Asphalt filler
• Additions to concrete
Base layer
Soil beneficiation
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 38
Regulations for use of coal ash
combustion
wet bottom
source/process
dry bottom
fluid.bed
boiler
boiler
class Z2 Z2 Z2 ZO Z 1.1 Z 1.2 Z2 ZO Z 1.1 Z 1.2/ ZO
Z2
parameter
1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
colour x x x x x x x x x x x
1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
clouding x x x x x x x x x x x
1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)
smell x x x x x x x x x x x
pH-value 8-13 10-13 8-13 10-12 10-12 10-12 10-12 7-12 7-12 7-12 6-9
conductivity µS/cm 5000 10000 5000 500 1000 1000 1000 500 1000 1000 200
As 100 40 100 10 10 40 100 10 10 40
Pb 20 40 20 40
Cd 10 10 10 2 2 2 2
Crtot 350 300 350 15 30 15 30
Cu µg/l 50 50 50 50
Ni 40 50 40 50
Hg 0.2 0.2 1 2 0.2 0.2 1
Zn 100 100 100 100
Cl mg/l 50 100 50 10 20 50 50 10 20 20
SO3 mg/l 1000 2000 1000 50 75 200 200 50 75 200
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 46
Environmental Regulations
Requirements for selected CCPs for use in earthworks and road construction by
German LAGA (content of trace element)
CCP Bottom Ash /Grate Ash
source/process
class ZO Z 1.1
parameter
1) 1)
colour x x
1) 1)
clouding x x
1) 1)
smell x x
As 20 30
Pb 100 200
Cd 0.6 1
Crtot 50 100
Cu mg/kg 40 100
Ni 40 100
Hg 0.3 1
Zn 120 300
1)
= to be declared
NCAB_workshop_Nov. 23/24, 2005 47
Environmental Regulations
Aldrin 0,1
µg/l
DDT 0,1
Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe 200
BTX 20
- Benzol als Einzelstoff 1
Phenole 20
Building Material
yes
requirement Criteria met?
not met
no
information on yes
environmental compatibility
comparison with requirement
similar products met
no
requirement yes harmful changes by
not met general characteristics
2.2
determination of trace element content
Areas of application and tests required for cement bound products in drinking water areas
German Technical and Scientific Association of Gas and Water (DVGW)
Appearance + + +
TOC-loss + + -
Arsen-loss1) + + +
Lead-loss + + +
Chrom-loss + + +
mikrobiological test
test: +, no test: -
1)test to be performed only when fly ash is used
2)test to be performed only when organic additives are used
3)test only for mortar
Hans-Joachim Feuerborn