19EEE111 : Electrical and Electronic

Engineering (3-0-0-3)

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 Outline

• Introduction to Clipper and Clamper circuits

• Types
• Applications

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 Introduction to Clipper Circuits
• An electronic device that is used to evade the output of a circuit to go
beyond the preset value (voltage level) without varying the remaining
part of the input waveform is called as Clipper circuit.

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 Working of Clipper Circuits
• The clipper circuit can be designed by utilizing both
the linear and nonlinear elements such as resistors,
diodes or transistors.
• As these circuits are used only for clipping input
waveform as per the requirement and for
transmitting the waveform, they do not contain any
energy storing element like a capacitor.

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 Working of Clipper Circuits
• In general, clippers are classified into two types:
Series Clippers and Shunt Clippers.
• When diode connected in series with load- series
clipper;
• when diode connected in parallel with load- shunt
clipper.

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 Types of Clipper Circuits
1. Series Clippers 2. Shunt Clippers
– Series Negative Clipper – Shunt Negative Clipper
– Series Negative Clipper With – Shunt Negative Clipper With
Positive Vr Positive Vr
– Series Negative Clipper With – Shunt Negative Clipper With
Negative Vr Negative Vr
– Series positive Clipper – Shunt positive Clipper
– Series positive Clipper With – Shunt positive Clipper With
Positive Vr Positive Vr
– Series positive Clipper With – Shunt positive Clipper With
Negative Vr Negative Vr
3. Positive-Negative Clipper with Reference
Voltage Vr

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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper

• It clips the negative half cycle of the input

waveform, and therefore, it is called as a series
negative clipper.
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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper
• During the positive half cycle the diode (considered
as ideal diode) appears in the forward biased and
conducts such that the entire positive half cycle of
input appears across the resistor connected in
parallel as output waveform.
• During the negative half cycle the diode is in
reverse biased. No output appears across the
resistor.
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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper With Positive Vr

• Series negative clipper with positive reference

voltage is similar to the series negative clipper, but
in this a positive reference voltage is added in series
with the resistor.
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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper With Positive Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the diode start
conducting only after its anode voltage value
exceeds the cathode voltage value.
• Since cathode voltage becomes equal to the
reference voltage, the output that appears across the
resistor will be as shown in figure.

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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper With Negative Vr

• The series negative clipper with a negative

reference voltage is similar to the series negative
clipper, but a negative Vr is connected in series with
the resistor
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 Series Clippers
Series Negative Clipper With Negative Vr
• The negative Vr makes the cathode voltage of the
diode as negative voltage.
• Thus during the positive half cycle, the entire input
appears as output across the resistor, and during the
negative half cycle, the input appears as output until
the input value will be less than the negative
reference voltage, as shown in the figure.

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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper

• It clips the positive half cycle of the input

waveform, and therefore, it is called as a series
negative clipper.
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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper
• During the positive half cycle, diode becomes
reverse biased, and no output is generated across the
resistor.
• During the negative half cycle, the diode conducts
and the entire input appears as output across the
resistor.

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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper With Positive Vr

• Series Positive clipper with positive reference

voltage is similar to the series positive clipper, but
in this a positive reference voltage is added in series
with the resistor.
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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper With Positive Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the reference voltage
appears as an output across the resistor.
• During the negative half cycle, the entire input
appears as output across the resistor.

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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper With Negative Vr

• The series positive clipper with a negative reference

voltage is similar to the series positive clipper, but a
negative Vr is connected in series with the resistor
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 Series Clippers
Series Positive Clipper With Negative Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the output appears
across the resistor as a negative reference voltage.
• During the negative half cycle, the output is
generated after reaching a value greater than the
negative reference voltage, as shown in the figure.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper

• It clips the negative half cycle of the input

waveform, and therefore, it is called as a shunt
negative clipper.
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper
• During the positive half cycle, the entire input is the
output.
• During the negative half cycle, the diode conducts
causing no output to be generated from the input.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper With Positive Vr

• Shunt negative clipper with positive reference

voltage is similar to the shunt negative clipper, but
in this a positive reference voltage is added in series
with the diode.
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper With Positive Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the input is generated
as output
• During the negative half cycle, a positive reference
voltage will be the output voltage as shown above.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper With Negative Vr

• The shunt negative clipper with a negative reference

voltage is similar to the shunt negative clipper, but a
negative Vr is connected in series with the diode
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Negative Clipper With Negative Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the entire input
appears as output, and during the negative half
cycle, a reference voltage appears as output as
shown in the figure.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper

• It clips the positive half cycle of the input

waveform, and therefore, it is called as a shunt
negative clipper.
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper
• During the positive half cycle the diode is in
conduction mode and no output is generated;
• During the negative half cycle; entire input appears
as output as the diode is in reverse bias as shown in
the figure.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper With Positive Vr

• Shunt Positive clipper with positive reference

voltage is similar to the shunt positive clipper, but
in this a positive reference voltage is added in series
with the diode.
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper With Positive Vr
• During the positive half cycle the diode conducts
causing the positive reference voltage appear as
output voltage;
• During the negative half cycle, the entire input is
generated as the output as the diode is in reverse
biased.

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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper With Negative Vr

• The shunt positive clipper with a negative reference

voltage is similar to the shunt positive clipper, but a
negative Vr is connected in series with the diode
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 Shunt Clippers
Shunt Positive Clipper With Negative Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the negative
reference voltage connected in series with the diode
appears as output;
• During the negative half cycle, the diode conducts
until the input voltage value becomes greater than
the negative reference voltage and output will be
generated as shown in the figure.

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 Positive-Negative Clipper with
Reference Voltage Vr

• The circuit is connected as shown in the figure with

a reference voltage Vr, diodes D1 & D2.

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 Positive-Negative Clipper with
Reference Voltage Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the diode the diode
D1 conducts causing the reference voltage
connected in series with D1 to appear across the
output.
• During the negative cycle, the diode D2 conducts
causing the negative reference voltage connected
across the D2 appear as output, as shown in the
above figure.

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 Positive-Negative Clipper with
Reference Voltage Vr
• During the positive half cycle, the diode the diode
D1 conducts causing the reference voltage
connected in series with D1 to appear across the
output.
• During the negative cycle, the diode D2 conducts
causing the negative reference voltage connected
across the D2 appear as output, as shown in the
above figure.

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 Introduction to Clamper Circuits
• An electronic circuit that is used to alter the positive peak or negative
peak of the input signal to a definite value by shifting the entire signal
up or down to obtain the output signal peaks at desired level is called
as Clamper circuit.

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 Introduction to Clamper Circuits
• A Clamper Circuit is a circuit that adds a DC level to an AC signal.
• The positive and negative peaks of the signals can be placed at
desired levels using the clamping circuits.
• As the DC level gets shifted, a clamper circuit is called as a Level
Shifter.
• Clamper circuits consist of energy storage elements like capacitors.
• A simple clamper circuit comprises of a capacitor, a diode, a resistor
and a DC battery if required.
• A Clamper circuit can be defined as the circuit that consists of a
diode, a resistor and a capacitor that shifts the waveform to a desired
DC level without changing the actual appearance of the applied
signal.
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 Types of Clamper Circuits
• Positive Clamper
• Positive clamper with positive Vr
• Positive clamper with negative Vr
• Negative Clamper
• Negative clamper with positive Vr
• Negative clamper with negative Vr

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 Positive Clamper Circuits

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 Positive Clamper Circuits

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 Positive Clamper Circuits
V(out,in)
100V
90V
80V
70V
60V
50V
40V
30V
20V
10V
0V
-10V
V(in)
100V
80V
60V
40V
20V
0V
-20V
-40V
-60V
-80V
-100V
V(out)
200V
180V
160V
140V
120V
100V
80V
60V
40V
20V
0V
-20V
0ms 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms 70ms 80ms 90ms 100ms

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 Problem-1

Draw the output waveform of the circuit

shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.Vr=6V

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 Problem-1

Series positive clipper

with positive Vr
20sinwt.Vr=6V

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 Problem-2

Draw the output waveform of the circuit

shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.

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 Problem-2

Series positive clipper

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 Problem-3

Draw the output waveform of the circuit

shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.Vr=4V

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 Problem-3

Shunt Positive Clipper

with Positive Vr

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 Problem-4

Draw the output waveform of the circuit

shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.

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 Problem-4

Shunt Positive Clipper

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 Problem-5
Draw the output waveform of the circuit
shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.Vr=-4V

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 Problem-5
Series Negative Clipper
With Negative Vr

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 Problem-6
Draw the output waveform of the circuit
shown in the fig. and Identify the circuit for
an input voltage of 20sinwt.

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 Problem-6
Positive-Negative Clipper
with Reference Voltage Vr

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 Problem-7
Identify the clamper circuit shown in the
Fig. by drawing the output waveform for
an input voltage of 10sinwt.Vr=3V, show
transfer chara.

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 Problem-7
Identify the clamper circuit shown in the
Fig. by drawing the output waveform for
an input voltage of 10sinwt,Vr=3V

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 Problem-8
Identify the clamper circuit shown in the
Fig. by drawing the output waveform for
an input voltage of 10sinwt.Vr=-3V

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 Problem-8
Negative Clamper with
Negative Vr

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