PDF Adb Mcr5000 Manual Multiwire DL

Cestrultcme Gneunk
NG.61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme 4.6
Gclrmprmljssmr
Lmestnet Lurrjet lmetrmkkjd
Xjiukntmr
Typj
GLX 8.:oQN tm <6oQN
Guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk
lmetrmk

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8
Xjlmrd ma Lbneij NG 61.<:6j-GY - Guktcwcrj
Xjvcscme Djslrcptcme Jdctmr Lbjlojd Dntj

>.6 Acrst jdctcme TRN XH
8.6 Zpdntj tm smatwnrj vjrscme >.8> TRN XH 8/ 32
8.> Cetrmdultcme ma XQ - DQ tjrgcenks ned Lut-mut \LM TRN XH :/ 32

Knst dcict ma tbj GLX lmdj eughjr 7 ‛>‗
8.8 Zpdntj tm smatwnrj vjrscme >.8< VL0 >.84 (lmeljrecei TRN XH
XH 9/ 32
KAD “ lnkchrntcme)
Ejw lmetnltmrs me pmwjr gmdukjs
<.6 Ejw knymut ned gmdcaclntcmes rjinrdcei lcrluct sjkjltmr D\J XH </33
(L\G)
\matwnrj vjrscme 8.66
<.> D\J XH 2/66
4.6 Xjvcsjd bmuscei ned pmwjr trnesamrgjr GLX 4 up tm D\J XH >6/66

>6oQN
Ejw mutput lurrjet gjnsurjgjet trnesamrgjr KAD \QX VL 68/6>
(T.C.8)
Zpdntj tnhkjs p.>6:->61 0 Bnrdwnrj ‛sjt-up lcrluct
sjkjltmr‗ ned ‛\uhgjeu Guktcwcrj‗
Guktcwcrj‗ rjgmvjd
\pnrj pnrts kcsts updntjd. 6</6>
>

Vkjnsj, rjnd tbcs lnrjaukky hjamrj cestnkkcei tbj GLX!

GLX!
\najty
Xjiukntmry snajty prjlnutcmes nrj nppkclnhkj ce smgj lmuetrcjs, me smgj
prjlnutcmes sctjs? ce nhsjelj ma sulb kjink prjslrcptcmes, tbj mpjrntcei ned gncetjenelj
pjrsmeejk sbmukd rjajr tm tbj ANN Ndvcsmry Lcrluknr NL >:6/:<46-81
"Gncetjenelj ma Ncrpmrt Qcsunk Ncd Anlckctcjs" amr cestrultcmes me snajty
prjlnutcmes. Vjrsmeejk gust mhsjrvj tbj snajty rjiukntcmes
rjiukntcmes nt nkk tcgjs.
Ybckj jvjry prnltclnhkj snajty prjlnutcme bns hjje celmrpmrntjd ce tbcs
jqucpgjet, tbj amkkmwcei rukjs gust hj strcltky mhsjrvjd.
Ojjp nwny
Mpjrntcei ned gncetjenelj pjrsmeejk gust nt nkk tcgj mhsjrvj nkk snajty
armg kcvj rjiukntcmes. Dm emtemt lbneij ejctbjr kngps emr lmgpmejets
lmgpmejets mr gnoj
lcrlucts
lcrlucts ndùstgjets cescdj jqucpgjet wctb tbj kcibt lcrluct jejricsjd.
\jj ANN Ndvcsmry Lcrluknr NL >:6/:<46-81 lmeljrecei snajty prjlnutcmes.
Xjsuslctntcme
Mpjrntcei ned gncetjenelj pjrsmeejk sbmukd angckcnrcsj ned ojjp
tbjgsjkvjs trncejd ce tbj rjsuslctntcme tjlbecqujs amued ce tbj Acrst Ncd
Cestrultcme Gneunk.
Jkjltrmstntcl
Gmdukjs ned lmgpmejets susljptchkj tm jkjltrmstntcl dngnij
Dcslbnrij
J\D Jkjltrmecl gmdukjs ned lmgpmejets sbmukd hj tmulbjd meky wbje tbcs cs
uenvmcdnhkj
uenvmcdn hkj j.i. smkdjrcei, rjpknljgjet,…
N bugne hjcei gust acrst ma nkk jkcgcentj
jkcgcentj jkjltrmecl lbnrijs armg bcs mwe
hmdy ùst hjamrj tmulbcei ne jkjltrmecl gmdukj mr lmgpmejet.
Tbj jnscjst wny ma dcslbnricei n bugne hjcei's hmdy cs tm tmulb n
lmedultcvj jnrtbjd mh`jlt.
Jkjltrmecl gmdukjs mr lmgpmejets gust emt hj hrmuibt ce lmetnlt wctb bcibky
cesukntcei gntjrcnks sulb ns pknstcl sbjjts, syetbjtcl achrj lkmtbcei,…
Tbjy gust hj kncd dmwe me lmedultcvj suranljs.
Tbj tcp ma tbj smkdjrcei crme gust hj jnrtbjd.

Jkjltrmecl gmdukjs ned lmgpmejets
lmgpmejets gust hj stmrjd ned trnespmrtjd ce
lmedultcvj pnlocei.
8

Vkjnsj, rjnd tbcs lnrjaukky

lnrj aukky hjamrj cestnkkcei tbj GLX!
GLX!
Zsj
Tbcs Cestrultcme Gneunk cs tbj prmpjrty ma
rjstrcltcme
emtclj e.v. NDH s.n.
:2:, Kjuvjesjstjjewji
H->3<6 Pnvjetjg - Hjkicug

Tjk <8
<8 8 988 >9 >> Anx <8 8 988
988 >9
>9 14
bttp0//www.ntd.scjgjes.dj/ncrpmrts
Tbcs gneunk mr pnrts tbjrjma gny emt hj rjprmduljd, stmrjd ce n rjtrcjvnk
systjg, mr trnesgcttjd, ce ney amrg mr hy ney gjnes, jkjltrmecl, gjlbneclnk,
pbmtmlmpycei,
pbmtmlmpyc ei, rjlmrdcei, emr mtbjrwcsj, wctbmut NDH's prcmr wrcttje lmesjet.
Iunrnetjj
Iunrnetjj E.Q. NDH \.N. iunrnetjjs tbnt tbj pjramrgnelj ma tbj cesjt kcibts djslrchjd
ce tbcs gneunk, wbje smkd hy NDH mr cts kcljesjd rjprjsjetntcvjs, gjjts tbj
rjqucrjgjets ma CLNM Neejx >4 vmkugj > ned ANN spjlcaclntcme NL
>:6/:<4:-41.
Ney djajlt ce djscie, gntjrcnk mr wmrognesbcp
wmrognesbcp,, wbclb gny mllur durcei
prmpjr ned emrgnk usj mvjr n pjrcmd ma mej (>) yjnr armg dntj ma sbcpgjet,
wckk hj rjpncrjd mr rjpknljd hy NDH arjj ma lbnrij, jx wmros. Mpjrntcmenk
anckurj rjsuktcei armg kngp huret mut, cgprmpjr gncetjenelj mr cestnkkntcme,
dngnij duj tm ruewny gncetjenelj jqucpgjet, semw pkmuibs mr ncrlrnat
nrrjstcei ijnr bmmos cs emt lmescdjrjd n rjsukt ma prmpjr usj ned cs hjymed
tbj slmpj ma tbj wnrrnety.
Ynrrnety dmjs emt lmvjr enturnk wjnr ned tjnr emr dngnij nrcscei natjr
djkcvjry mwcei tm anukty mr ejikcijet bnedkcei, jxljsscvj strnce, uesuctnhkj
gntjrcnks amr Mpjrntcme, djaclcjet lcvck jeicejjrcei Ymro, uesuctnhkj smck
lmedctcmes, ned sulb lbjgclnk, jkjltrmlbjgclnk mr jkjltrclnk ceakujeljs ns
wjrj emt nssugjd nt tbj tcgj ma tbj Lmetrnlt.
Nkk kcnhckcty amr lmesjqujeljs ma ney cejxpjrt nktjrntcmes mr rjpncrs lnrrcjd mut
hy Vurlbnsjr mr n tbcrd pnrty sbnkk hj wncvjd.
E.Q. NDH \.N. sbnkk ce em jvjet hj kcnhkj tm Vurlbnsjr amr ney aurtbjr lkncgs,
pnrtcluknrky lkncgs
lkncgs amr dngnijs emt naajltcei tbj
t bj immds tbjgsjkvjs.
Tbj nhmvj lmestctutjs tbj kcgcts ma NDH–s kcnhckctcjs ce lmeejltcme wctb tbj
cesjt kcibts lmvjrjd hy tbcs gneunk.
<

Tnhkj ma lmetjet
\jltcme > Ijejrnk Ceamrgntcme ned Xjqucrjgjets 2

>.> Cetrmdultcme 2
>.8 Tjlbeclnk Djslrcptcme 3
>.8.> Tjlbeclnk Dntn 3
>.8.8 Lurrjet
>.8.< Mutput lcrluct vnkujs
rjiukntcme kcgcts 3
>6
>.8.4 XQ-DQ tjrgcenks ned Lutmut \LM >6
>.8.: Vmwjr anltmr ned jaaclcjely >>
>.8.1 Kcibtecei prmtjltcme >8
>.< Hnscl lmeaciurntcmes ><
>.<.> Ijejrnk Qcjw ><
>.<.8 GLX 8.: oQN rntjd >4
>.<.< GLX 4 tm >6 oQN rntjd >:
>.<.4 GLX >8.: tm <6 oQN rntjd >2
>.<.: Vmwjr gmdukjs O\X 4< N ned O\X >>6 N 86
>.<.1 Lmetrmk gmdukj 88
>.4 Hrcibtejss stjps 8:
>.: Gmectmrcei aueltcmes. 81
>.1 Guktcwcrj Xjgmtj Lmetrmk ned gmectmrcei 89
>.1.> Ijejrnk 89
>.1.< Lmetrmk scienks ned hnlo cedclntcme 89

>.1.8 Lmeejltcme 89
>.1.4 Cetjranlj gmdukj 82
>.1.: Gmdj ma mpjrntcme <<
>.9 Jnrtb Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (Mptcme) <:
>.2 Kngp Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (Mptcme) <1
>.3 Lutmut \LM (Mptcme) <2
>.>6 Tcgj lmuetjr (Mptcme) <2
>.>> Jqucpgjet rjqucrjd amr cestnkkntcme, stnrt-up ned trmuhkjsbmmtcei hut emt suppkcjd 46
>.>8 Jqucpgjet suppkcjd 4>
>.>< Engj Vkntj 48
\jltcme 8 Cestnkkntcme 4<

8.> Cetrmdultcme 4<
8.8 Cestnkkntcme 44
8.< Jkjltrclnk lmeejltcme 41
8.4 \tnrtcei prmljdurj :>
8.4.> Tnp sjkjltcme :8
8.4.8 Tnp wcrcei :2
8.: Xjpnrntcmes ned gmdcaclntcmes 18
8.:.> Xjpknljgje
Xjpknljgjett ma gmdukjs 18
8.:.8 Xjpknljgje
Xjpknljgjett ma JVXMGs 1<
\jltcme < Gncetjenelj 14
\jltcme 4 Trmuhkjsbmmtcei 1:
\jltcme : Vnrts kcst 94
\jltcme 1 Drnwceis 28
4

\jltcme 9 VL lmetrmk ned gmectmrcei 38

9.> Cestnkkntcme ma tbj VL ned tbj smatwnrj 3<
9.>.> Mvjrvcjw 3<
9.>.8 Bmw tm lmeejlt tbj VL tm tbj rjiukntmr 3<
9.>.< Bmw tm cestnkk ned sjt-up tbj smatwnrj 34
9.8 Xueecei tbj prmirng 32
9.8.> Mvjrvcjw 32
9.8.8 Lmeaciurntcme ned lmeaci.ackj 32
9.8.4 GLX Dntnhnsj >66

9.8.< Kmiicei ned kmi ackj 33
9.< Bmw dmjs tbj prmirng rue >6>
9.4 Gjeu djslrcptcme >61
9.4.> Mvjrvcjw >61
9.4.8 A> Bjkp >69
9.4.< A8 Kmi0 Dcspkny ned kmiicei ma jvjets >69
9.4.4 A< VL Lmetrmk >62
9.4.: A: \jt-up GLX0 lmeaciurntcme >63
9.4.1 A1 JAD0 \jt-up amr jnrtb anukt djtjltmr :
9.4.9 A9 KAD0 Huret kngps djtjltmr 2
9.4.2 A2 Vmwjr Gmectmrcei >>
9.4.3 A>6 Jxct >>
9.: Lnkchrntcme >>
9.:.> Mvjrvcjw >8
9.:.8 Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj KAD gmdukj ><
9.:.< Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj JAD gmdukj >:
9.:.4 Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj GLX >1
:

Tnhkj ma Vclturjs
ACI >->0 VMYJX ANLTMX NED JAACLCJELS AMX N GLX XNTJD <6 OQN >>
ACI >-80 GLX \TNED-NKMEJ ZECT ><
ACI >-<0 GLX 8.: OQN >4
ACI >-40 GLX 4->6 OQN >:
ACI >-10
ACI >-:0 GLX
GLX 4 TM >6
4 TM >6 OQN
OQN XJNX
YCTB QCJY
JAD GMDZKJ
- MVJE AXMET QCJY - MVJE >1
>1
ACI >-90 GLX >8.:-<6 OQN >2
ACI >-20 GLX >8.: TM <6OQN YCTB JAD & KAD GMDZKJ\ AXMET QCJY - MVJE >3
ACI >-30 GLX >8.: TM <6OQN XJNX QCJY - MVJE >3
ACI >->60 VMYJX GMDZKJ O\X >>6 N (DMZHKJ JZXMLNXD 1Z BCIB) 86
ACI >->>0 VMYJX GMDZKJ O\X 4< N (DMZHKJ JZXMLNXD 1Z BCIB) 86
ACI >->80 VMYJX GMDZKJ O\X 4< N 8>
ACI >-><0 VMYJX GMDZKJ O\X >>6 N 8>
ACI >->40 LMETXMK GMDZKJ (DMZHKJ JZXMLNXD 1Z BCIB) 88
ACI >->:0 GLX AXMET VNEJK YCTB GZKTCYCXJ XJGMTJ LMETXMK LMEEJLTMX 8<
ACI >->10 GZKTCYCXJ XJGMTJ LMETXMK LMEEJLTCME ME TBJ XJNX \CDJ 82
ACI >->90 VLH AMX GZKTCYCXJ XJGMTJ LMETXMK LMEEJLTCME ME TBJ XJNX \CDJ 83
ACI >.>2N0 JRVKCLCT ME \CIENK XJ^ZJ\TJD “ CETJXENK VMYJX \ZVVKS 42Q DL <<
ACI >.>2H0 EM JRVKCLCT ME \CIENK XJ^ZJ\TJD “ CETJXENK VMYJX \ZVVKS 42Q DL <<
ACI >.>2L0 JRVKCLCT ME \CIENK XJ^ZJ\TJD “ JRTJXENK VMYJX \ZVVKS 84/42Q DL <4
ACI >.>2D0 EM JRVKCLCT ME \CIENK XJ^ZJ\TJD - JRTJXENK VMYJX \ZVVKS 84/42Q DL <4
ACI >.>2J0 EM JRVKCLCT ME \CIENK XJ^ZJ\TJD - GLX CE LMEEJLTCME YCTB L\G <4
ACI >->30 JNXTB ANZKT DJTJLTMX GMDZKJ (GLX >8.: TM <6 OQN) <:
ACI >-860 KNGV ANZKT DJTJLTMX GMDZKJ (GLX >8.: TM <6OQN) <9
ACI >-8>0 GLX ENGJ VKNTJ 48
ACI 8->0 CE\TNKKNTCME MA GLX, GCECGZG LKJNXNEL
LKJNXNELJ J YNKK\ 44
ACI 8-80 DJTNCK MA N TSVCLNK CE\TNKKNTCME 4:
ACI 8-<0 LMEEJLTCEI N 8.:OQN GLX 42
ACI 8-40 LMEEJLTCEI N 4 TM >6 OQN GLX (\JXCJ\ LNHKJ, \ZVVKS LNHKJ NED XJNX XJGMTJ
LMETXMK LNHKJ\) 43
ACI 8-:0 LMEEJLTCEI N 4 TM >6 OQN GLX (\JXCJ\ LNHKJ, \ZVVKS LNHKJ NED XJNX XJGMTJ
LMETXMK LNHKJ\) YCTB LZTMZT \LM 43
ACI 8-10 LMEEJLTCEI N >8.: TM <6 OQN GLX (\JXCJ\
( \JXCJ\ LNHKJ, \ZVVKS LNHKJ NED XJNX
XJGMTJ LMETXMK LNHKJ) - AXMET QCJY :6
ACI 8-90 LMEEJLTCEI N >8.: TM <6 OQN GLX- XJNX QCJY :6
ACI 8-2 0 8.: OQN VMYJX TXNE\AMXGJX TMV QCJY :2
ACI 8-3 0 TNV NDNVTNTCME GLX 4 TM >6 OQN :3
ACI 8->6 0 TNV NDNVTNTCME GLX >8.: TM <6 OQN :3
ACI 8->>0 TNV YCXCEI 16
1

Tnhkj ma Tnhkjs
TNHKJ >->0 GLX MZTVZT LCXLZCT QNKZJ\. 3

TNHKJ >-80 LMGVNTCHCKCTS MA \MATYNXJ QJX\CME\. 4>
TNHKJ 8->0 GNCE \ZVVKS LNHKJ \JLTCME\, AZ\J\, VMYJX GMDZKJ,… 49
TNHKJ 8-80 GNRCGZG QMKTNIJ\ (Q XG\) AMX JNLB TNV, JNLB VMYJX NED MZTVZT
LZXXJET. :8
TNHKJ 8-<0 TNV TM LBMM\J, AMX JNLB VMYJX, DJVJEDCEI ME TBJ T BJ GJN\ZXJD VXCGNXS
QMKTNIJ. ::
TNHKJ <->0 VXJQJETCQJ GNCETJENELJ. 14
TNHKJ 4->0 XJIZKNTMX DMJ\ EMT TZXE ME. 19
TNHKJ 4-80 XJIZKNTMX TZXE\ ME HZT DJ-JEJXIC\J\ \ZDDJEKS. 12
TNHKJ 4-<0 XJIZKNTMX DMJ\ EMT VXMDZLJ TBJ XJ^ZJ\TJD MZTVZT LZXXJET. 13
TNHKJ 4-40 BMY TM CETJXVXJT TBJ CEDCLNTCME\ ME TBJ AXMET VNEJK. 96
TNHKJ 4-:0 KJD–\ CEAMXGNTCME. 9>
TNHKJ 4-10 MQJXQCJY MA TBJ AZ\J\. 9<
TNHKJ :->0 VMYJX GMDZKJ\ NED LMGVMEJET\. JXXMX! HMMOGNXO EMT DJACEJD.
TNHKJ :-80 LMETXMK GMDZKJ\ NED LMGVMEJET\. 91
TNHKJ :-<0 VMYJX LMGVMEJET\. 93
TNHKJ :-40 \VNXJ VNXT\ AMX JAD MVTCME (\JJ ACI >-: NED >-2). 26
TNHKJ :-:0 \VNXJ VNXT\ AMX KAD MVTCME (\JJ ACI >-: NED >-2). 26
TNHKJ :-10 JVXMG\ YCTB HN\CL GLX \MATYNXJ. 2>
9

> \jltcme >
Ijejrnk Ceamrgntcme ned Xjqucrjgjets
>.> Cetrmdultcme
Tbj GLX Tbj NDH GLX cs n gclrmprmljssmr lmetrmkkjd Lmestnet Lurrjet Xjiukntmr
spjlcnkky djsciejd
djsciejd amr tbj
t bj suppky ma ncrpmrt kcibtcei sjrcjs kmmps nt vnrcmus
cetjescty kjvjks.
Vurpmsj Tbcs cestrultcme gneunk prmvcdjs ijejrnk ceamrgntcme nhmut cestnkkntcme,

cestnkkntcme,
mpjrntcme, trmuhkjsbmmtcei
trmuhkjsbmmtcei ned gncetjenelj. Ct nksm lmetnces n pnrts kcst.
\lmpj Tbcs gneunk lmvjrs tbj NDH GLX gclrmprmljssmr lmetrmkkjd Lmestnet
Lurrjet Xjiukntmr gneuanlturjd ce aukk
a ukk lmgpkcnelj wctb0
• CLNM
CLNM00 Njrmdrmgj Djscie Gneunk, Vnrt : pnrnirnpbs <.8.>.4/:/1
• ANN
ANN 0 0 NL >:6/:<4:->6J ned K283
• Jurmpjne0 JGL JE :662>-8 ned JE :6628-8 amr cedustrcnk
cedustrcnk jevcrmegjets
jevcrmegjets
• Arnelj0 \TEN npprmvjd.
Mpjrntcme Tbj lmestnet lurrjet rjiukntmrs nrj djsciejd amr usj ce ncrpmrt sjrcjs kcibtcei
kcgcts lcrlucts.
Tbjy nrj djsciejd tm gjjt tbj rjqucrjgjets ma tbj vnrcmus spjlcaclntcmes
gjetcmejd nhmvj.
Mpjrntcme mutscdj tbj djscie kcgctntcmes ma tbjsj spjlcaclntcmes gny rjsukt ce
djirndntcme ma pjramrgnelj, dngnij mr anckurj ma rjiukntmr lmgpmejets mr
bnznrdmus lmedctcmes.
Nkk rjiukntmrs
rjiukntmrs nrj djsciejd
djsciejd amr cedmmr
cedmmr mpjrntcme
mpjrntcme,, nt ne nghcjet
nghcjet tjgpjrnturj
tjgpjrnturj
armg -86¶L (-46¶L me spjlcnk rjqujst) up tm +::¶L.
Nkk tbj
tbj rjiukntm
rjiukntmrs
rs nrj ncr lmmkjd
lmmkjd wctb
wctbmut
mut anes.
anes.
Zscei tbj rjiukntmr nt nghcjet tjgpjrnturjs mut ma tbj spjlcacjd rneij lmukd
lnusj dngnij. Immd vjetckntcme sbnkk hj prmvcdjd spjlcnkky wbje mpjrntcme
ejnr tbj gnxcgug tjgpjrnturj kcgct cs jxpjltjd.
JGL - Nllmrdcei tm JE:662>-8,

JE:662>-8, pnrn. 9.>, tbj GLX rjiukntmr wckk
wckk emt hj usjd ce
lmeamrgcty rjscdjetcnk, lmggjrlcnk ned kcibt-cedustrcnk jevcrmegje
jevcrmegjet.
t.
2

>.8 Tjlbeclnk Djslrcptcme
>.8.> Tjlbeclnk Dntn
Xntjd pmwjrs 8.:/ 4/ :/ 9.:/ >6/ >8.:/ >:/ 86/ 8:/ <6 oQN.
Xntjd ceput vmktnijs 886/ 8<6/ 846/ <26/ 466/ 4>: Q (¾>:%) (*)
Xntjd arjqujelcjs0 :6/ 16 Bz (¾ :%).
\jrcjs lcrluct lurrjet0 \tnednrd 1.1 N? nksm 86 N amr 8: ned <6 oQN.
Xjgmtj lmetrmk ned 84 mr 42 Q DL guktcwcrj
gmectmrcei
* 8: ned <6oQN, meky wctb <26 - 4>:Q
>.8.8 Mutput lcrluct vnkujs
Tnhkj >-> Tnhkj >->0 GLX mutput lcrluct vnkujs.
Xntjd Mutput Gnx. XG\ Dcjkjltrcl tjst Gnx. mpje Gnx. mpje
pmwjrs lurrjet mutput me mutput lcrluct XG\ lcrluct pjno
(N) vmktnij lcrluct - Q - (>) mutput vmkt.(8) vmktnij (<)
8.: oQN 1,1 <92 >23: :<6 9:6

4 oQN 1,1 161 <6<6 2:6 >866
: oQN 1,1 9:9 <936 >616 >:66
9,: oQN 1,1 >><1 :126 >:36 88:6
>6 oQN 1,1 >:>: 9:9: 8>86 <666
>8.: oQN 1,1 >234 3496 81:6 <946
>: oQN 1,1 8898 >><16 <>26 4436
86oQN 1,1 <6<6 >:>:6 4846 :336
8:oQN 1,1 <922 >2346 :<66 9436

<6oQN 1,1 4:4: 889<6 1<16 2336
8:oQN 86 >8:6 18:6 >9:6 8496
<6oQN 86 >:66 9:66 8>66 8396
> :6 Bz- XG\

XG\ vmktnij durcei > gce
8 Zedjr wmrst
wmrst lmedctcme,
lmedctcme, lmescdjrjd >.4 tcgjs gnx.
gnx. XG\ mutput vmkt.
< \ngj lmedctcmes ns nhmvj
3

>.8.< Lurrjet rjiukntcme kcgcts
Kcgcts Tbj lurrjet rjiukntcme cs iunrnetjjd wctbce tbj kcgcts ma ¾ >%, ce tbj amkkmwcei
lmedctcmes.
Lmedctcmes • armg sbmrt lcrluct tm aukk kmnd
• amr emgcenk ceput vmktnij wctbce ¾ >: %

• amr nghcjet tjgpjrnturjs armg -86¶ up tm +::¶
• amr ne nktctudj rneij armg 6 (sjn kjvjk) tm >666
>666 gjtrjs
• amr n rjkntcvj bugcdcty rneij ma >6 %XB tm 3: %XB wctbmut lmedjesntcme
• up tm nt kjnst
kjnst <6% ma kngps trnesamrgjrs wctb
wctb ne mpje lcrluct ce
ce tbjcr
tbjcr
sjlmednry scdj, amr n kmnd rneicei armg nt kjnst bnka-kmnd tm aukk-kmnd.
Kcgctntcmes • mpjrntcme armg -:% tm ->:% ma emgcenk

emgcenk ceput
ceput vmktnij
vmktnij wctb
wctb aukk kmnd lne
lnusj tmm kmw mutput lurrjet nt gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp.
• mpjrntcme nt +>:% ma tbj emgcenk ceput
ceput vmktnij wckk h
hj
j rjstrcltjd tm
gnxcgug >-bmur pjrcmd tm nvmcd mvjr-bjntcei mr mvjr-strjsscei ma tbj
lmgpmejets.
Xjndùstgjet Nktbmuib tbj emgcenk

emgcenk ceput vmktnij cs anltmry-w
anltmry-wcrjd
crjd smgj rj-ndùstgjets nrj
pmsschkj ce tbj rneijs 886 up tm 846Q ned <26 up tm 4>: (486Q)0 lmesukt
anltmry.
>.8.4 XQ-DQ tjrgcenks ned Lutmut \LM
XQ-DQ Ca tbj knst dcict ma tbj lmdj eughjr ma ymur GLX cs ‛>‗ mr nhmvj, tbcs gjnes
tbnt ct cs jqucppjd wctb XQ-DQ tjrgcenks ned, mptcmenk
mptcmenkky,
ky, wctb n \LM lutmut.
Tbj cetjrkmlocei ma tbj \LM Lutmut gclrmswctlb ned tbj GLX XQ-DQ
tjrgcenks nkkmws tm jejricsj tbj rjiukntmr natjr tbj Lutmut lmetnlts nrj
jeinijd ned tm dj-jejricsj tbj rjiukntmr hjamrj tbj Lutmut lmetnlts nrj
tmtnkky mpjejd.
>6

>.8.: Vmwjr anltmr ned jaaclcjely
ANN Tbj pmwjr anltmr ned tbj jaaclcjely nrj ce nllmrdnelj tm mr hjttjr tbne tbj
Nllmrdnelj ANN spjlcaclntcmes.
Vmwjr Anltmr Nt emgcenk ceput

ceput pmwjr, emgcenk rjscstcvj
rjscstcvj kmnd ned gnxcgug
gnxcgug hrcibtejss0
• pmwjrs up tm >6 oQN0 6.3
6.3
• pmwjrs nhmvj >6 oQN0 6.3:
6.3:
Jaaclcjely Nt emgcenk

emgcenk ceput
ceput vmk
vmktnij
tnij ned
ned rjscstcv
rjscstcvj
j kmnd
kmnd ned gnx. hrcibte
hrcibtejss0
jss0 36 tm 38%.
38%.
Tnps Hy gjnes ma mutput tnps me tbj sjlmednry (bcib vmktnij) scdj ma tbj pmwjr
trnesamrgjr (VT) tbj pmwjr anltmr lne hj mptcgcsjd vjrsus tbj nltunk kmnd nt
aukk hrcibtejss. Tbj amkkmwc
a mkkmwcei
ei tnps nrj prmvcdjd0
• nltunk kmnd
kmnd hjtwjje
hjtwjje >66% ned 28% 28% ma emgcenk (2/2)
• nltunk kmnd hjtwjje 2>% ned 9>% ma emgcenk
emgcenk (9/2) (*)
• nltunk kmnd hjtwjje 96% ned 41% ma emgcenk
emgcenk (1/2) (*)
•
• nltunk
nltunk kmnd
kmnd hjtwjje
hjtwjje <8%4:% ned
ned 88%
<<% ma
ma emgcenk
emgcenk
emgcenk
emgcenk (</2)
(4/2) (*)
• nltunk kmnd hjtwjje 8>% ned 6% ma emgcenk
emgcenk (8/2) (*)
* 0 emt me GLX 8.:oQN
Hjejacts ma • tbj pmwjr anltmr wckk hj mptcgcsjd

Tnps • tbj gnce ceput lurrjet wckk djlrjnsj
• tbj bnrgm
bnrgmecl
ecl lmetjet
lmetjet ce tbj gnc
gncee ceput
ceput lurrjet ned ce
ce tbj mutput lurrjet
lurrjet
wckk djlrjnsj
• tbj gn
gnxcgug
xcgug mutput vmktnij ce lnsj ma mpje-lcrluct
mpje-lcrluct wckk hj kmwjr
• tbj gnxcgug pmsschkj mutput lurrjet ce lnsj ma lntnstrmpbcl
lntnstrmpbcl tbyrcstmr
anckurj (sbmrt lcrluct) wckk hj kcgctjd
• tbj pmwjr kmssjs wckk djlrjnsj.
Jxngpkj Tnps
8/2 </2 4/2 1/2 9/2 2/2
>66% Jaaclcjely
36
26 Vmwjr Anltmr
96
16
:6
46
Kmnd
>8 8: <9 :6 9: 29 >66%
Aci >->0 Vmwjr anltmr ned jaaclcjely amr n GLX rntjd <6 oQN
>>

>.8.1 Kcibtecei prmtjltcme
Ijejrnk Kcibtecei cs n enturnk pbjemgjeme tbnt vnrcjs ce cetjescty ned arjqujely

djpjedcei me tbj ijmirnpbcl kmlntcme.
Tbjrjamrj tbj ejjd amr
a mr nddctcmenk kcibtecei prmtjltcme me ne cestnkkntcme bns tm
hj jxngcejd.
Mutput Tbj kcibtecei nrrjstmrs KN> ned KN8 (aci >.<, >.: ned >.2) me tbj mutput
vmktnij surij tjrgcenks ma tbj sjrcjs lcrluct prmtjlt tbj mutput ma tbj GLX.
prmtjltcme
>8

>.< Hnscl lmeaciurntcmes
>.<.> Ijejrnk Qcjw
Djslrcptcme Jnlb stned-nkmej GLX wckk nlljpt, ce mej jelkmsurj,

jelkmsurj, n pmwjr gmdukj
O\X4<N mr O\X>>6N (ns rjqucrjd) acttjd wctb tbj lmetrmk gmdukj, n ausjd
ceput
tbj swctlb
bcib (ce tbj
vmktnij kmwTbj
uect). vmktnij uect), ned
st ned-nkmej
stned-nkmej tbj bcib vmktnij
rjiukntmrs lmgpmejets
bnvj stnednrd (ce
kcatcei kuis
ned mptcmenk rmkkcei lnstmrs.
Vclturj Aci >-80 GLX stned-nkmej uect
> 8
<
Kmw Qmktnij Zect
Bcib Qmktnij Zect

:
Vnrt Aueltcme
> Vmwjr Gmdukj O\X >>6 N (pnrn. >.<.:)
(pnrn. >.<.:)
8 Lmetrmk Gmdukj (pnrn. >.<.1)
(pnrn. >.<.1)
< Ausjd ceput swctlb
4 Tcgj lmuetjr
: Bcib vmktnij lmgpnrtgjet
><

>.<.8 GLX 8.: oQN rntjd
Amrgnt Ycdtb >3‗

Bjcibt 1Z (819 gg)
\celj tbj mutput vmktnij cs kcgctjd tm <26Q, nkk lmgpmejets nrj bmusjd ce
mej lmggme lmgpnrtgjet.
Tjlbeclnk dntn
Xntjd pmwjr 8.: oQN.

Xntjd ceput vmktnijs 886/ 8<6/ 846/ <26/ 466/ 4>: Q (¾>:%)
\jrcjs lcrluct lurrjet0 1.1 N
Xjgmtj lmetrmk ned
gmectmrcei
Dcgjescmes 446 14:
819
Vclturj Aci >-<0 GLX 8.: oQN
>4

>.<.< GLX 4 tm >6 oQN rntjd
Amrgnt 4>> x 161 x >816 gg (Ycdtb x djptb x bjcibt)
Tjlbeclnk dntn
Xntjd pmwjrs 4/ :/ 9.:/ >6 oQN.

Xntjd ceput vmktnijs 886/ 8<6/ 846/ <26/ 466/ 4>: Q (¾>:%)
\jrcjs lcrluct lurrjet0 1.1 N
Xjgmtj lmetrmk ned
gmectmrcei
Dcgjescmes 4>> 161
>816
>66
Vclturj Aci >-40 GLX 4->6 oQN
>:

>.<.< GLX 4 tm >6 oQN rntjd, Lmetceujd
Vclturjs Aci >-:0 GLX 4 tm >6 oQN wctb JAD Gmdukj Armet Qcjw - Mpje
Vmwjr Gmdukj O\X 4< N

Ausjd Ceput \wctlb
Lmetrmk Gmdukj
Engj Vkntj
Lbmoj K>
Mutput Qmktnij Trnesamrgjr TV> (mptcme KAD)
Mutput Lurrjet Trnesamrgjr TC >
Kcibtecei Nrrjstmrs KN> “ KN 8
Kngp Gmectmr Trnesamrgjr (mptcme KAD)
Jnrtb Anukt Djtjltcme Gmdukj (mptcme JAD)
Aci >-10 GLX 4 tm >6 oQN Xjnr Qcjw - Mpje
Gnce \uppky tjrgcenks wctb

Jnrtb Tjrgcenk
XQ-DQ tjrgcenks
Cetjranlj gmdukj
\jrcjs Lnhkj Tjrgcenk

Yctb ljetrnk Jnrtb Tjrgcenk
\1 tbrmuib \> Tnp

Ndnptntcme tm nltunk kmnd
Tjrgcenk Cdjetcaclntcme Knhjk
Mutput Trnesamrgjr
Irmued \tud G1
>1

>9

>.<.4 GLX >8.: tm <6 oQN rntjd
Amrgnt 1>> x 161 x >816 gg (Ycdtb x djptb x bjcibt)
Tjlbeclnk dntn
Xntjd pmwjrs >8.:/ >:/ 86/ 8:/ <6 oQN.
Xntjd ceput vmktnijs 886/ 8<6/ 846/ <26/ 466/ 4>: Q (¾>:%) (*)
\jrcjs lcrluct lurrjet0 \tnednrd 1.1 N? nksm
nksm 86 N amr 8: ned <6 oQN.
Xjgmtj lmetrmk ned
gmectmrcei
* 8: ned <6oQN, meky wctb <26 - 4>:Q
Dcgjescmes 1>> 161
>816
Vclturj Aci >-90 GLX >8.:-<6 oQN
>2

>.<.4 rntjd, Lmetceujd

GLX >8.: tm <6 oQN rntjd, Lmetceujd
Vclturjs Aci >-20 GLX >8.: tm <6oQN wctb JAD & KAD Gmdukjs Armet Qcjw - Mpje
Engj Vkntj
Kngp Gmectmr
Trnesamrgjr TC 8 (mptcme KAD)
Mutput Lurrjet
Trnesamrgjr TC >
Jnrtb Anukt Djtjltcme
Gmdukj (mptcme JAD)
\1 tbrmuib \> Tnp

ndnptntcme tm nltunk kmnd
Kcibtecei Nrrjstjrs
KN> - KN8
Mutput Qmktnij
Trnesamrgjr TV> (mptcme KAD)
Aci >-30 GLX >8.: tm <6oQN Xjnr Qcjw - Mpje
Gnce \uppky Tjrgcenks

wctb Jnrtb Tjrgcenk
XQ - DQ Tjrgcenks
Cetjranlj gmdukj
Mutput trnesamrgjr
Irmued \tuds G1
>3

>.<.: Vmwjr gmdukjs O\X 4< N ned O\X >>6 N
\lbjgn Xjajr tm NDH drnwcei <883.>6.418
Vrcelcpkj Tbj lmgpkjtj pmwjr rneij armg 8.: tm <6 oQN cs hnsjd me twm jnscky
rjpknljnhkj pmwjr gmdukjs, mej amr gnx. 4< N (O\X 4< N) ned tbj mtbjr amr
gnx. >>6 N (O\X >>6 N).
Tbjsj gmdukjs nrj cestnkkjd ce tbj kmw vmktnij uect ma tbj GLX.
Vclturjs Aci >->60 Vmwjr Gmdukj O\X >>6 N (Dmuhkj Jurmlnrd 1Z Bcib)
819 gg
844 gg
Aci >->>0 Vmwjr Gmdukj O\X 4< N (Dmuhkj Jurmlnrd 1Z Bcib)
819 gg
>88 gg
86

>.<.: Vmwjr gmdukjs O\X 4< N ned O\X >>6 N, Lmetceujd
O\X 4< N Aci >->80 Vmwjr gmdukj O\X 4< N
V8
V9

O\X >>6 N Aci >-><0 Vmwjr gmdukj O\X >>6 N
V8
V9
> 8 : < 4 1
Kjijed
Vnrt Aueltcme
> Nuxckcnry ausjs A> ned A8
8 Dunk ce/mut tjrgcenks
< Tbyrcstmr pnlo TBV>
4 Tbyrcstmr trciijr ned lmetnltmr me/maa lmetrmk VLH
: 8-pmkj lmetnltmr O
1 Nuxckcnry suppky trnesamrgjr T>
9 Vkuis V8 ned V9 amr tbj Lmetrmk Gmdukj
2 Ceput lurrjet trnesamrgjr Tce
8>

>.<.1 Lmetrmk gmdukj
Ijejrnk Tbj gmdukj wctb tbj me-hmnrd gclrmprmljssmr lmetrmks ned gmectmrs tbj
mpjrntcme ma tbj rjiukntmr
Vclturj Aci >->40 Lmetrmk Gmdukj (Dmuhkj Jurmlnrd 1Z bcib)
>19 gg
4:,98 gg
Nddctcmenk • Vciiy-hnlo VLH amr guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk,

lmetrmk, wctb n DH<9 armet
pciiy-hnlo lmeejltmr me tbj armet pnejk.
VLH's • Vciiy-hnlo VLH amr Kngp Anukt
Anukt djtjltcme
djtjltcme (mptcme
(mptcme KAD)
88

>.<.1 Lmetrmk gmdukj, Lmetceujd
Armet pnejk Aci >->:0 GLX Armet Vnejk wctb guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk lmeejltmr
>
Dcspkny \jkjltcme
LLX-ME
C-Anukt 8
Jnrtb Anukt
Kngp Anukt
Kmlnk Mpjrntcme
<
8<

>.<.1 Lmetrmk gmdukj, Lmetceujd
Armet pnejk0 >. 4 dcicts guktcpkj ceam nkpbneugjrclnkky dcspkny? wctb tbj ‛dcspkny sjkjlt‗
kjijed pusb huttme, tbj vnkujs tbnt lne hj sjkjltjd nrj0
• mutput lurrjet,
• hrcibtejss stjp,
• % ma gnxcgug mutput kmnd (mptcme KAD),
•
• mutput
eughjrvmktnij (mptcme
ma anckjd kngpsKAD),
(mptcme KAD),
• lcrlucts cdjetcaclntcme,
• sjrcjs lcrluct cesukntcme vnkuj (mptcme JAD),
• kngp tjst.
8. Kjd's amr ceamrgntcme nhmut
nhmut tbj stntus ma tbj rjiukntmr0
• LLX ME,
• C-anukt,
• Jnrtb-anukt (mptcme JAD),
• Kngp anukt (mptcme KAD),
• Kmlnk mpjrntcme.
<. Xjsjt huttme,
4. Xjgmtj, Maa, hrcibtejss stjp > tm 2 drug
drug sjkjltmr,
:. DH3-gnkj lmeejltmr
lmeejltmr amr lmeejltcme tm n VL (R>),
1. DH<9-gnkj guktcwcrj
guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk lmeejltmr (R<),
9. dupkclntjd
DH8:-gnkjtmlmeejltmr
lmeejltmr
V9 me tbj(R8)
rjnramr ajjdhnlo scienks (lurrjet, KAD ned JAD)
(NDH-usj),
2. Acxcei slrjws.
Drug sjkjltmr Durcei swctlb mvjr armg mej hrcibtejss stjp tm nemtbjr ct cs pmsschkj tbnt,
duj tm ne cetjrgjdcntj pmsctcme, tbj mutput lurrjet bns n tmtnkky dcaajrjet
vnkuj mr tbnt tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjs maa.
Tbj mutput lurrjet wckk bmwjvjr ejvjr hj bcibjr tbne tbj gnxcgug vnkuj.
Ca ttbj
bj drug sjkjltmr cs bnedkjd ce n emrgnk wny tbcs sctuntcme wckk emt mllur.
Amr nkk tbj kmlnk sjkjltcmes nhmvj

nhmvj tbj gnxcgug stjp (j.i. pmsctcme 4 amr n <
hrcibtejss stjps rjiukntmr) tbj mutput lurrjet wckk jqunk tbj gnxcgug stjp.
Tbj drug sjkjltmr bns em jed pmsctcme.

pmsctcme. Ct lne hj swctlbjd, wctbmut
wctbmut ney
dneijr, armg pmsctcme 2 tm tbj pmsctcme "rjgmtj lmetrmk".
84

>.4 Hrcibtejss stjps
Cetrmdultcme Tbj rjiukntmr cs djkcvjrjd wctb anltmry prmirnggjd djanukt hrcibtejss vnkujs.
Jnlb hrcibtejss stjp lne hj rj-ndùstjd hjtwjje tbj gnxcgug ned tbj
gcecgug lurrjet vnkuj wctb tbj VL smatwnrj.
Djanukt vnkujs Tbj tnhkj hjkmw sbmws tbj lurrjet vnkujs amr jnlb hrcibtejss stjp ce
aueltcme ma tbj eughjr ma stjps.
Cgnx (N) 1.1

1.1
Cgce (N) >.2
Hrcibtejss stjp Er ma stjps
Drug sjkjltmr < 4 : 1 9 2
Aci >->:
> 4.2 <.< 8.2 8.9 8.8 8.2
8 :.: 4.4 <.4 <.4 8.2 <.>
< 1.1 :.: 4.> <.3 <.4 <.4
4 ‛ 1.1 :.8 4.: 4.> <.3
: ‛ ‛ 1.1 :.4 :.8 4.1
1 ‛ ‛ ‛ 1.1 1.4 :.:
9 ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ 1.1 1.4
2 ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ 1.1
Cgnx (N) 86

86
Cgce (N) :.:
Hrcibtejss stjp Er ma stjps
Drug sjkjltmr < 4 : 1 9 2
Aci >->:
> >4.: >6 2.: 2.8 1.9 2.:
8 >1.9 ><.< >6.< >6 2.: 3.4
3.4
< 86 >1.9 >8.4 >>.2 >6.< >6.<
4 ‛ 86 >:.2 ><.1 >8.4 >>.2
: ‛ ‛ 86 >1.4 >:.2 ><.3
1 ‛ ‛ ‛ 86 >3.4 >1.9
9 ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ 86 >3.4
2 ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ ‛ 86
8:

>.: Gmectmrcei aueltcmes.
Mutput lurrjet Tbj GLX lrjntjs ne nknrg (cedclntjd hy tbj kjd ‛C anukt‗ ned me tbj 4 dcicts
gmectmrcei amr dcspkny ("C;;") me tbj armet pnejk) ned swctlbjs maa wbje tbj mutput lurrjet
mpje lcrluct drmps hjkmw tbj gcecgug mutput lurrjet. Tbj rjstnrt ma tbj GLX cs meky
pmsschkj natjr trmuhkjsbmmtcei
trmuhkjsbmmtcei ned rjsjt (rjsjt huttme me tbj armet pnejk).
Mutput lurrjet Tbj GLX lrjntjs ne nknrg (cedclntjd hy tbj kjd ‛C anukt‗ ned me tbj 4 dcicts
gmectmrcei amr dcspkny ("C55") me tbj armet pnejk) ned swctlbjs maa wbje tbj mutput lurrjet
mvjr lurrjet cs bcibjr tbne mej ma tbj twm prjsjt kjvjks ned natjr tbj lmrrjspmedcei tcgj-
djkny ma jnlb kjvjk. Tbj rjstnrt ma tbj GLX cs meky pmsschkj natjr
trmuhkjsbmmtcei
trmuhkjsbmmtce i ned rjsjt (rjsjt huttme me tbj armet pnejk).
Gnces suppky Zedjrvmktnij0 Ca tbj gnces suppky vmktnij drmps hjkmw n ljrtnce (usjr-
Zedjrvmktnij0
vmktnij ndùstnhkj) kjvjk,
kjvjk, tbj GLX swctlbjs maa.
gmectmrcei Ybje tbj gnces suppky vmktnij bns rjnlbjd n bcibjr (usjr-ndùstnhkj)
kjvjk, tbj GLX rjstnrts nutmgntclnkky
nutmgntclnkky..
Mvjrvmktnij0
Mvjrvmktni j0 Ne nknrg wckk hj ijejrntjd
ijejrnt jd wbje tbj gnces suppky vmktnij
rjnlbjs n (usjr-ndùstnhkj) kjvjk.
Lnpnlctcvj Yctb ne mpje lcrluct me kmei slrjjejd sjrcjs lnhkjs tbj mutput lurrjet, duj
mutput lurrjet tm lnhkj lnpnlctnelj, gny rjgnce nhmvj tbj mpje lcrluct tbrjsbmkd kjvjk
gmectmrcei tbus cebchctcei tbj mpjrntcme ma tbj mpje lcrluct sbut dmwe.
Tbj GLX lrjntjs ne nknrg (cedclntjd hy tbj kjd ‛C anukt‗ ned me tbj 4 dcicts
dcspkny ("C;;") me tbj armet pnejk) ned swctlbjs maa durcei mpje lcrluct sbut
dmwe. Tbj rjstnrt ma tbj GLX cs meky pmsschkj natjr trmuhkjsbmmtcei ned
rjsjt (rjsjt huttme me tbj armet
ar met pnejk).
Gmectmrcei ma Tbj lmetrmk gmdukj gmectmrs tbj lmedultcme neikj ma tbj tbyrcstmr.
tbj mutput Ca tbj lmedultcme neikjs ma hmtb tbyrcstmrs nrj emt jqunk, tbj GLX swctlbjs
lurrjet amr maa (cedclntjd hy tbj kjd ‛C anukt‗
a nukt‗ ned me tbj 4 dcicts dcspkny "N\S" me tbj
nsyggjtry armet pnejk). Tbj rjstnrt ma tbj GLX cs meky pmsschkj natjr trmuhkjsbmmtcei
ned rjsjt (rjsjt huttme me tbj armet pnejk).
Gmectmrcei ma Ce lnsj ma mvjrkmnd tbj mutput lurrjet lneemt hj iunrnetjjd hy tbj GLX,
mvjrkmnd tbj rjnltcme ma tbj GLX lne hj prmirnggjd hy tbj usjr wctb tbj VL
smatwnrj. Tbj djanukt rjnltcme cs emt tm swctlb maa tbj GLX!
Tbj nknrg cs cedclntjd hy tbj hkceocei kjd ‛C anukt‗ me tbj armet pnejk.
Gmectmrcei ma N anst rjspmesj ejtwmro acrjs hnlo tbj tbyrcstmrs ca tbj pjno vnkuj ma
ma tbj
mutput lurrjet mutput lurrjet rjnlbjs n vnkuj irjntjr tbne
t bne twclj tbj gnxcgug pjno vnkuj
surij ce emrgnk mpjrntcme. Tbj tbyrcstmrs rjgnce ce tbj maa-stntj amr sjvjrnk pjrcmds
pjrcmds
kcgctntcme ned tbj acrcei neikj tbje imjs sgmmtbky armg zjrm hnlo tm tbjt bj emrgnk vnkuj.
81

>.1 Guktcwcrj Xjgmtj Lmetrmk ned gmectmrcei
>.1.> Ijejrnk
L\G lcrluct Ybje tbj GLX mpjrntjs wctb n L\G lcrluct sjkjltmr, tbj L\G gust bnvj
sjkjltmr tbj sngj guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk systjg!
>.1.8 Lmeejltcme
Armet mr rjnr Armet0 DH<9-gnkj lmeejltmr (R< ma aci >->:) me tbj armet pnejk ma tbj lmetrmk
lmeejltcme gmdukj.
Xjnr0 DH<9-gnkj lmeejltmr (V> ma aci >->1 ned aci >->9) ned DH>:-ajgnkj
lmeejltmr (V< ma aci >->1 ned aci >->9) mr slrjw tjrgcenk strcps me tbj
>->1 ned
cetjranlj gmdukj VLH>442 (aci >->1 ned >->9).
>.1.< Lmetrmk scienks ned hnlo cedclntcme
Lmetrmk Tbj lmetrmk scienks ajjd rjkny lmcks prmtjltjd hy ne XL lcrluct amr trnescjet
scienks mvjrvmktnij0
42 Q guktcwcrj rjgmtj 84 Q guktcwcrj rjgmtj

lmetrmk lmetrmk
gcecgug vmktnij 46 Q DL 8>.1 Q DL
gnxcgug vmktnij 1: Q DL <: Q DL
lurrjet lmesugptcme nhmut 3 gN nt 42 Q DL nhmut >1 gN nt 84 Q DL
Hnlo Tbj hnlo cedclntcme scienks nrj

scienks nrj prmvcdjd mvjr dry lmetnlt rjknys.
rjknys.
cedclntcme
Tbj gnxcgug lmetnlt kmnd cs0
• NL->>6Q-6.:N-16QN
• DL->>6Q-6.:N-<6Y.
Ycrj sjltcme Tbj gnxcgug wcrj sjltcme tbnt lne hj lmeejltjd tm tbj rjnr slrjw tjrgcenks
me tbj cetjranlj gmdukj cs (cesukntcme strcp kjeitb0 1gg)0
• >.: sqgg strnedjd wcrj
• 8.: sqgg sceikj lmrj wcrj
89

>.1.4 Cetjranlj gmdukj
Vclturj Aci >->10 Guktcwcrj Xjgmtj Lmetrmk lmeejltcme me tbj rjnr scdj
aknt lnhkj tm tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy hnlo me lmetrmk gmdukj
DH<9 gnkj
lmeejltmr
Tjrgcenk strcps DH>: ajgnkj

lmeejltmr
\trnps ned
ned ùgpjrs me VLH>442
VLH>442
Vmsctcme ma strnps me VLH >442

\trnp GLX wctbmut GLX wctb bmur GLX wctb lcrluct
bmur lmuetjr lmuetjr sjkjltmr L\G
L\G
\2 n h h (n)
KML n n h
XJG n n h
\trnp \20 • Ybje tbj bmur

bmur lmuetjr
lmuetjr me tbj L\G
L\G cs cs nltcvntjd
nltcvntjd hy ne jxtjrenk
jxtjrenk scienk
GLX wctb (JRT), tbj strnp \2 gust hj ce pmsctcme n!
L\G • \2 cs
cs nltcvntjd
nltcvntjd meky
meky wbje pnrngjtjr ‗Hnlo cedclntcme
cedclntcme amr gnxcgug
gnxcgug stjp
nkwnys \2‗ (sjj pnr. 9.4.:) cs sjt tm ‛SJ\‗.
Ybje tbj ùgpjr Y>

Y > cs pkuiijd, tbj gjtnk lnp ma tbj lmeejltmrs V> ned V< cs jnrtbjd.
82

>.1.4. Cetjranlj gmdukj, Lmetceujd
Cetjranlj Aci >->90 VLH amr Guktcwcrj Xjgmtj Lmetrmk lmeejltcme me tbj rjnr scdj
gmdukj
VLH><3<0
VLH>4420
83

Xjgmtj lmetrmk scienks
TLX \lrjw Tjrgcenk R> DH<9 Lmetrmk \cienks

rjgmtj VLH><3< VLH>442 (V>)
tjrgcenks (wctb 8 (wctb <
tjrgcenk tjrgcenk
hkmlos) hkmlos)
L\T-LLC mr LLC LLC LLC > Cetjrenk pmwjr suppky
+ 42 Q DL, gnx >66gN (*)
L\T-E mr E LMG-E LXL 86 Lmggme amr rjgmtj lmetrmk ned
H8 \> \> 8 LLC
H< \8 \8 8> Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp >
H4 \< \< < Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp 8
H: \4 \4 88 Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp <
H: \: \: 4 Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp 4
H1 \1 \1 8< Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp :
H9 \9 \9 : Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp 1
--- \2 \2 84 Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp 9
L\T-\D mr \D \D \D 1 Hrcibtejss sjkjltcme stjp 2
\but-dmwe0 hkmlos tbj tbyrcstmrs
KN-LC, KN-DJI DJI DJI 8: (usj wctb n lcrluct sjkjltmr)
Djirndjd gmdj amr KAD gmectmr0
JA-LC, JA-XJ\ XJ\ X\T 9 cebchcts huret kngps kjvjk > nknrg
Xjsjt ma djtjltjd jnrtb-anukt0
--- \V \V 81 rjsjts nltcvntjd tbrjsbmkd
t brjsbmkd kjvjks
\pnrj0 eme nssciejd
(*) Meky nvncknhkj ce 42 Q DL rjgmtj lmetrmk vjrscme ned gny meky hj usjd
ns pmwjr suppky amr rjgmtj lmetrmk scienks ma tbcs rjiukntmr.
<6

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8 emrgnkky MVJE lmetnlts ce tjrgcenk VLH >442
Hnlo cedclntcme scienks
TLX \lrjw Tjrgcenk R8 DH<9 Hnlo cedclntcme scienks

rjgmtj VLH><3< VLH>442 (V>)
tjrgcenk tjrgcenk
hkmlos) hkmlos)
CEH> \> \> 2 Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp >
CEH8 \8 \8 89 Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp 8
CEH< \< \< 3 Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp <
CEH: \: \: >6 Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp :
CEH9 \9 \9 >> Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp 9
--- \2 \2 <6 Mutput lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp 2
ME ME ME >8 Xjiukntmr cs ME
MVL MVL MVL <> Tbj rjiukntmr bns hjje swctlbjd
MAA me mpje lcrluct
MVQ MQL MQL >< Tbj rjiukntmr bns hjje swctlbjd
MAA me mvjrlurrjet
--- KML KML <8 Tbj rjiukntmr cs ce kmlnk gmdj
CEXJG XJG XJG >4 Tbj rjiukntmr cs ce rjgmtj gmdj
KN-K> KN-K> KN> << KAD-kjvjk >(kngp-anukt nknrg kjvjk >)
cs rjnlbjd
KN-K8 KN-K8 KN8 >: KAD-kjvjk 8(kngp-anukt nknrg kjvjk 8)
cs rjnlbjd
QN-K> QN-K> QN> <4 QN drmp-nknrg kjvjk > cs nltcvntjd
QN-K8 QN-K8 QN8 >1 QN drmp-nknrg kjvjk 8 cs nltcvntjd
JA-K> JA-K> JA> <: Jnrtb-anukt nknrg kjvjk > cs nltcvntjd
JA-K8 JA-K8 JA8 >9 Jnrtb-anukt nknrg kjvjk 8 cs nltcvntjd
EL \V-EL JX- <1 Ijejrnk Xjiukntcme Jrrmr0 emrgnkky
lkmsjd lmetnlt
EM \V-EM JX+ >2 Ijejrnk Xjiukntcme Jrrmr0 emrgnkky
mpje lmetnlt
LMG, L, KN-LM LMG LHC <9 Lmggme amr hnlo cedclntcme scienks
JA-LM, LMG-H LMG LHC >3 Lmggme amr hnlo cedclntcme scienks
LMG-X 6Q -- -- Emt lmeejltjd
<>

Lcrluct sjkjltmr
TLX \lrjw Tjrgcenk R< DH>: Xjgmtj lmetrmk (XL) ned hnlo
rjgmtj VLH><3< VLH>442 (V<) cedclntcme (HC) scienks
tjrgcenk tjrgcenk
hkmlos) hkmlos)
L\T-E, L\T-LMG --- LXL > Lmggme amr rjgmtj lmetrmk (ME /
\D)
L\T-LL --- ME 3 XL hy lcrluct sjkjltmr0 rjiukntmr ME
ned ce hrcibtejss stjp >
L\T-\D --- \D 8 XL hy lcrluct sjkjltmr0 sbut-dmwe
L\T-LMG, L\T-E --- LHC >> Lmggme amr hnlo cedclntcme scienks
armg rjiukntmr
--- --- \2\ 4 HC armg lcrluct sjkjltmr0 mutput
lurrjet hrcibtejss stjp 2
--- --- KM\ >8 HC armg lcrluct sjkjltmr0 rjiukntmr cs
ce kmlnk gmdj
--- --- XJ\ : HC armg lcrluct sjkjltmr0 rjiukntmr cs
ce rjgmtj gmdj
H9 --- \2X >< HC armg rjiukntmr0 mutput lurrjet
hrcibtejss stjp 2
--- --- KMX 1 HC armg rjiukntmr0 rjiukntmr cs ce
kmlnk gmdj
CEXJG --- XJX >4 HC armg rjiukntmr0 rjiukntmr cs ce
rjgmtj gmdj
<8

>.1.: Gmdj ma mpjrntcme
Gmdj ma Twm gmdjs ma mpjrntcme lne hj prmirnggjd wctb tbj VL smatwnrj0

mpjrntcme jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd yjs mr em0
em 0
• ca ‛em‗, tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjs me, ca mej ma tbj 2 hrcibtejss
hrcibtejss stjps cs
rjqujstjd?
• ca ‛yjs‗, tbj stjp > cs nkwnys
nkwnys rjqujstjd tm swctlb tbj rjiukntmr
rjiukntmr me? ca meky
stjp > cs rjqujstjd, tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjs ME nt \>. Ca nemtbjr stjp cs
rjqujstjd, \> sjrvjs ns ME/MAA lmetrmk.
Tbj jxpkclct ME scienk lne emt hj rjqujstjd, wbje tbj GLX mpjrntjs tmijtbjr
wctb tbj lcrluct sjkjltmr L\G (sjj lntnkmiuj kjnakjt N.61.4>8j).
Aci >.>2N0 Jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd “ Cetjrenk pmwjr suppky 42Q DL

Cetjrenk Emt amr GLX ce lmeejltcme wctb
w ctb L\G!
suppky 42Q
DL LLC \> \<
\<
\: \9
\8 \4 \1
LXL

Aci >.>2H0 Em jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd “ Cetjrenk pmwjr suppky 42Q DL
Emt amr GLX ce lmeejltcme wctb
w ctb L\G!
\<
LLC \> \< \: \9
\8 \4 \1
LXL
<<

mpjrntcme, lmetceujd
>.1.:. Gmdj ma mpjrntcme,
Aci >.>2L0 Jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd “ Jxtjrenk pmwjr suppky 84/42Q DL

Jxtjrenk Emt amr GLX ce lmeejltcme wctb L\G!
suppky 84 mr
42Q DL L L C \> \<
\<
\: \9
\8 \4 \1
LXL
42Q mr 84Q DL
Jxtjrenk pmwjr suppky

Aci >.>2D0 Em jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd - Jxtjrenk pmwjr suppky 84/42Q DL
Emt amr GLX ce lmeejltcme wctb L\G!
\<
L L C \> \< \: \9
\8 \4 \1
LXL
42Q mr 84Q DL
Jxtjrenk pmwjr suppky

Ce lmeejltcme Aci >.>2J0 Em jxpkclct ME scienk rjqujstjd - GLX ce lmeejltcme wctb L\G
wctb L\G L L C \> \<
\<
\: \9
\8 \4 \1
LXL
LXL ME
TMYJX
L\G
<4

>.9 Jnrtb Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (Mptcme)
Vrcelcpkj Tbj jnrtb anukt djtjltmr gmdukj gjnsurjs tbj cesukntcme rjscstnelj hjtwjje
tbj sjrcjs lcrluct ned tbj irmued mr tbj lnhkj slrjje wctb tbj rjiukntmr
swctlbjd tm tbj suppky, jvje wbje emt rueecei. N stnhckcsjd, lurrjet kcgctjd,
:66 Q DL vmktnij cs nppkcjd hjtwjje tbj sjrcjs lcrluct ned tbj irmued mr
lnhkj slrjje, crrjspjltcvj ma tbj mpjrntcei vmktnij, vcn n bcib vmktnij
rjscstmr . Tbj cesukntcme rjscstnelj cs djtjrgcejd armg tbj rjsuktcei kjnonij
lurrjet.
Gjnsurjgjet Tbj gjnsurjgjet rneij cs armg 1.< oMbg tm 6.: IMbg. Tbj cesukntcme
rneij rjscstnelj lne hj dcspknyjd me tbj armet pnejk dcspkny.
8 kjvjks Twm nknrg kjvjks nrj nvncknhkj. Jnlb kjvjk lne hj sjt ce n rneij armg 1,<
oMbg tm >:6 Gmbg.
Nknrg Ca tbj
t bj cesukntcme vnkuj drmps hjkmw tbj nknrg kjvj
kjvjk,
k, tbj ‛jnrtb-a
‛jnrtb-anukt‗
nukt‗ kjd me tbj
armet
rjgmtjpnejk cs nltcvntjd
lmetrmk. ned n hnlo
Ca tbj cesukntcme, cedclntcme
tbje, scienk
celrjnsjs cs ijejrntjd
nhmvj tmwnrds
tbnt kjvjk tbj
tbj nknrg
rjgnces kntlbjd. Tbj rjsjt cs pmsschkj wctb tbj ‛XJ\JT‗ huttme me tbj armet
pnejk mr vcn n rjgmtj lmetrmk lmggned.
VL-sjttceis Amr tbj sjttceis ned lnkchrntcme, rjajr tm sjltcme 90 A1.
Vclturj Aci >->30 Jnrtb Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (GLX >8.: tm <6 oQN)
JAD lmgpmejets
(wctb kmicl prcet)
<:

>.2 Kngp Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (Mptcme)
Tbjmry Tbj Kngp anukt

a nukt djtjltmr gmdukj (KAD) gjnsurjs tbj rjnltcvj pmwjr rjqucrjd
tm snturntj tbj uekmndjd kngptrnesamrgjrs ma tbj sjrcjs kmmp hy cetjirntcei
tbj sjrcjs kmmp vmktnij (mhtncejd tbrmuib tbj vmktnij trnesamrgjr) durcei n
gjnsurcei wcedmw (djrcvjd armg tbj uekmndjd lurrjet trnesamrgjr gmuetjd
ce tbj rjiukntmr jelkmsurj).
Tbj gjnsurjd vmktnij wctb nkk tbj kngps ma tbj sjrcjs kmmp cetnlt cs
lmgpjesntjd tm mhtnce n zjrm vmkt rjndcei.
Yctb n djacejd eughjr ma kngps ce mpje lcrluct tbj gmdukj lne hj lnkchrntjd
tm mhtnce n rjnd-mut lmrrjspmedcei tm tbj
t bj eughjr ma kngps dj-nltcvntjd.
Xjstrcltcmes Tm mhtnce nlljptnhkj gjnsurjgjets hy tbj KAD 0

• Nkk kngp
kngp trnesamrgjrs bnvj tm hj ma tbj sngj rntcei ned typj typj hjlnusj
hjlnusj
tbj KAD djtjlts uekmndjd kngp trnesamrgjrs, emt kngp pmwjr. Tbcs
gjnes nksm tbnt djajltcvj kngps sbmrtjd mut hy lut-muts wckk emt hj
djtjltjd.
• Kmw rjnltcvj ned lmestnet kmndceis0
Tbj lnhkj lnpnlctnelj tmwnrd irmued sbmukd hj kjss tbne >ºA ned
sbmukd hj jqunkky
jqunkky dcstrchutjd mvjr
mvjr tbj kmmp. (Emtj0 Tbj lnhkj
lnpnlctnelj tmwnrds irmued lne hj lbjlojd. N rjscstnelj ned n guktc-
gjtjr wctb ne cetjrenk rjscstnelj ma >6G-Mbg nrj lmeejltjd vcn tbj
:66Q DL-smurlj ma tbj JAD tm tbj mutput ma tbj GLX. Natjr
dcslmeejltcei tbj :66Q DL-smurlj ma tbj JAD tbj t bj dcslbnricei tcgj armg
466Q DL tm >49Q DL cs gjnsurjd. Tbj gjnsurjd vmktnij sbmukd
djlrjnsj ce nhmut >6 sjlmeds amr n lnhkj lnpnlctnelj ma >ºA armg 466Q
DL tm >49Q DL (76,<9x466). Ca tbj cectcnk vmktnij wmukd hj nkrjndy
drmppjd tm <<6Q DL tbcs gjnes tbnt t bnt tbj lnhkj kjnonij rjscstnelj jqunks
nhmut >6G-mbg. Tbj dcslbnrij tcgj ce tbcs lnsj wckk hj nhmut : sjlmeds
amr n lnhkj lnpnlctnelj ma >ºA).
• Em eme-kcejnr
eme-kcejnr kmnds (iucdcei scies, Hrctj,
Hrctj, sjrcnk tm pnrnkkjk
pnrnkkjk ndnptjr,...).
Vmmr lmetnlts nt prcgnry mr sjlmednry ma kngp trnesamrgjrs wckk nksm
lnusj nrlcei ned eme-kcejnr kmndcei.
• \ceikj lmeaciurntcmes pjr lcrluct (em lcrluct sjkjltmrs mr swctlbcei, vnrcnhkj
kmnds...).
Tmkjrneljs Ca tbj nhmvj gjetcmejd rjstrcltcmes nrj aukackkjd, tbj mhtncejd tmkjrnelj wckk
hj0
• amr 6 tm : huret kngps 0 + > kngp
• amr 1 tm >6 huret kngps0 + 8 kngps.
VL-sjttceis Amr tbj sjttceis ned lnkchrntcme rjajr tm sjltcme 90 A9.
<1

>.2 Kngp Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (mptcme), Lmetceujd
Vclturj Aci >-860 Kngp Anukt Djtjltmr gmdukj (GLX >8.: tm <6oQN)
Kngp Gmectmr
Trnesamrgjr T.C.8
Mutput Qmktnij
Trnesamrgjr T.V.>
<9

>.3 Lutmut \LM (Mptcme)
Lutmut \LM Ns ne mptcme, tbj rjiukntmr GLX

GLX lne hj djkcvdjkcvjrjd
jrjd wctb n lutmut \LM
\LM
gmuetjd metm tbj hmttmg pnrt ma tbj
t bj rjnr pnejk.
Tbj purpmsj cs tm csmkntj snajky tbj sjrcjs lcrluct armg tbj LLX durcei
gncetjenelj mr tjstcei mpjrntcmes. CtC t nksm nkkmws pjrcmdclnk csmkntcme
rjscstnelj gjnsurjgjet sjrcjs lcrluct tm irmued wctbmut dcslmeejltcei tbj
sjrcjs lnhkj.
lnhkj.
Xjajr tm cestrultcme gneunk NG.61.4::j.
Gmdj ma mpjrntcme Tbj tnhkj hjkmw djslrchjs tbj dcaajrjet wmrocei pmsctcmes.
\wctlb maa tbj lmestnet lurrjet rjiukntmr hjamrj gnecpukntcei tbj lut mut.
Vmsctcme N Vmsctcme H Vmsctcme L

Gmdj ma Nkkmws tbj Gncetjenelj Tbj sjrcjs lcrluct cesukntcme vjrsus irmued
mpjrntcme rjiukntmr tm djkcvjr lne hj dmej lne hj gjnsurjd hy nppkycei tbj
lurrjet tm tbj snajky me tbj gjnsurjgjet vmktnij, gnx. 3666 Q DL,
sjrcjs lcrluct sjrcjs lcrluct hjtwjje tbj gjnsurjgjet tjrgcenk (9)
ned tbj irmued strcp
Dcnirng
Lmvjr
Bnedkj bmrczmetnk turejd 36¶ llw. turejd 36¶ lw. armg pmsctcme N
armg pmsctcme N
Tbj sjrcjs lcrluct lmeejltjd tm tbj sbmrtjd ned dcslmeejltjd armg tbj LLX, sbmrtjd ned
cs LLX irmuedjd lmeejltjd tm tbj gjnsurjgjet tjrgcenk
Tbj LLX cs djkcvjrcei lurrjet sbmrtjd ned sbmrtjd ned irmuedjd

tm tbj sjrcjs lcrluct irmuedjd
Tbj gclrmswctlb nltcvntjd ned emt nltcvntjd nltcvntjd ned nkkmws tbj rjiukntmr tm hj
(8) cs nkkmws tbj LLX tm ned cebchcts tbj ME
hj ME LLX tm hj ME
Tbj lmvjr lne hj kmlojd hy lne hj kmlojd hy lne hj kmlojd hy tbj ojy
tbj ojy tbj ojy
>. Tbj pmsctcme ma tbj lmvjr cetjrgjdcntj hjtwjje H ned L, c.j., turejd >26¶ armg
pmsctcme N, lneemt hj usjd ned tbj lmvjr lneemt hj pkuiijd cetm tbj hmdy.
8. Ne nltcvntjd gclrmswctlb gjnes tbnt tbj emrgnkky mpje
mpje lmetnlt cs lkmsjd ned tbnt
tbj emrgnkky lkmsjd lmetnlt cs mpje. Amr cetjrkmlocei wctb tbj LLX, meky tbj
emrgnkky mpje lmetnlt wckk hj usjd.
>.>6 Tcgj lmuetjr (Mptcme)
<2

Tcgj lmuetjr Ns ne mptcme, tbj rjiukntmr GLX

GLX lne hj djkcvjrjd
djkcvjrjd wctb n tcgj lmuetjr
lmuetjr
gmuetjd me tbj rcibt armet pnejk ma tbj kmw-vmktnij
kmw-vmktnij lmgpnrtgjet (sjj aci
>.8).
Tbrjj jxjlutcmes nrj nvncknhkj0
nvncknhkj0
• Tcgj lmuetjr ‛ME‗ stnrts lmuetcei ns smme ns tbj GLX cs
swctlbjd ME, cedjpjedjet
cedjpjedjet ma tbj hrcibtejss stjp.
• Tcgj lmuetjr0 ‛gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp‗ rues meky wbje tbj
GLX mpjrntjs ce gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp (1.1N mr 86N)
• Hmtb tcgj lmuetjr ‛ME‗ ned ‛gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp‗ nrj
nvncknhkj.
Ybje tbj GLX mpjrntjs wctb n L\G lcrluct sjkjltmr, em tcgj lmuetjrs
nrj nkkmwjd me tbj GLX.
Ejvjrtbjkjss,
Ejvjrtbjkjs s, tbj mptcme tcgj
tc gj lmuetjr cs nvncknhkj me tbj L\G!
<3

>.>> Jqucpgjet rjqucrjd amr cestnkkntcme, stnrt-up ned trmuhkjsbmmtcei

trmuhkjsbmmtcei hut emt
suppkcjd
Tmmks > Truj XG\ Qmktgjtjr (prjajrnhkj0 :666Q NL slnkj wctb csmkntcei trnesamrgjr).
> Guktcgjtjr
> Mbggjtjr "Gjiijr" :666Q cesukntjd

> Lkngp mr N-gjtjr truj XG\ slnkj >6 ned <6Ngps
> Lmgpkjtj sjt ma tmmks amr jkjltrclcne ned gjlbnecl (em spjlcnk tmmk rjqucrjd)
Lmeejltcme • Xjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj

lnhkj E x 6,2gg dcn.(hjtwjje
dcn.(hjtwjje rjiukntmr ned
ned gnrsbnkkcei
gnrsbnkkcei
jqucpgjet pnejk mr lmetrmk djso)
• Xjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj E x 6,2gg dcn. (hjtwjje
(hjtwjje rjiukntmr ned lcrluct
sjkjltmr ca ney).
• Jnrtbcei wcrj
wcrj (ca emt celkudjd
celkudjd ce
ce suppk
suppky
y lnhkjs)
lnhkjs)
• Ajjdjr lnhkj
•
\jrcjs kmmp suppky lnhkj.
46

>.>8 Jqucpgjet suppkcjd
Vnlonicei Jnlb uect cs cedcvcdunkky

cedcvcdunkky pnlonijd ce n durnhkj lrntj.
Akmppy N Akmppy-dcsl wctb tbj lmggueclntcme prmirng hjtwjje tbj GLX ned tbj
VL lne hj mrdjrjd.
\jltcme 9 sbmws bmw tm cestnkk tbj prmirng ned jxpknces tbj aueltcmes ma tbj
smatwnrj.
Tnoj lnrj tbnt tbj smatwnrj
smat wnrj vjrscme cs lmgpntc
lmgpntchkj
hkj wctb tbj vjrscme ma tbj
hnscl GLX smatwnrj. (sjj tnhkj >.8).
Tnhkj >-8 Tnhkj >-80 Lmgpntchckcty ma smatwnrj vjrscmes.
lmgpntchkj wctb
Hnscl GLX smatwnrj vjrscme ma VL smatwnrj
vjrscme me akmppy dcsl
>.68 >.64
>.6: >.64
>.62 >.62
>.>6 >.>>
>.>> >.>>
>.>8 >.>8
>.8> >.8>
>.88 >.8>
>.8< >.84
8.66 8.66
Mrdjrcei Amr ceamrgntcme nhmut mrdjrcei lmdjs ned NDH pnrt eughjrs, rjajr tm0
lmdjs \jltcme : Vnrts kcst ned spnrj pnrts.
pnrts.
4>

>.>< Engj Vkntj
Vclturj Aci >-8>0 GLX Engj Vkntj
Xjp Aueltcme Xjp Aueltcme

n \uppky vmktnij a Typj ma rjgmtj lmetrmk
h Gnx. ceput lurrjet b Mptcmes
l Mutput pmwjr c \jrcnk eughjr
d Emgcenk mutput lurrjet ` Hnr lmdj 7 lmdj e¶
j Gnx. mutput vmktnij
Qnkujs
Mutput Vmwjr Mutput lurrjet \uppky Qmktnij
l d n h j
8.: oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 >4 <92
4 oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 88 161
: oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 82 9:9
9.: oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 4> >><1
>6 oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 :4 >:>:
>8.: oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 19 >234
>: oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 99 8898
86 oQN 1.1 N 886/ 8<6/ 846 >6< <6<6
8.: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 2 <92
4 oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: >< 161
: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: >9 9:9
9.: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 84 >><1
>6 oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: <> >:>:
>8.: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: <3 >234
>: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 4: 8898
86 oQN 1.1 N <26 16 <6<6
86 oQN 1.1 N 466/ 4>: :9 <6<6
8: oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 9: <922
<6 oQN 1.1 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 22 4:4:
8: oQN 86 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 9: >8:6
<6 oQN 86 N <26/ 466/ 4>: 22 >:66
48

8 \jltcme 8
Cestnkkntcme
8.> Cetrmdultcme
Cetrmdultcme Tbcs sjltcme prmvcdjs cestrultcmes amr tbj cestnkkntcme ma tbj GLX rjiukntmrs.
Xjajr tm tbj suhstntcme drnwceis ned spjlcaclntcmes amr tbj spjlcacl cestnkkntcme
cestrultcmes.
Zepnlocei Zepnlo tbj lrntj upme rjljcpt ned jxngcej tbj rjiukntmr tm cesurj tbnt em
dngnij bns mllurrjd durcei sbcppcei. Emtj ney jxtjrcmr dngnij tm tbj lrntj,
wbclb gcibt kjnd tm djtjltcme ma jqucpgjet dngnij. Ybje bnedkcei tbj
rjiukntmr lnrj sbmukd hj tnoje tm gncetnce tbj rjiukntmr ce tbj uprcibt pmsctcme.
Ca dngnij tm ney jqucpgjet cs emtjd, n lkncg amrg sbmukd hj ackjd wctb tbj
lnrrcjr cggjdcntjky. Tbj cespjltcme ma tbj jqucpgjet hy tbj lnrrcjr gny hj
ejljssnry.
Cestnkkntcme Tbj rjiukntmr wckk hj cestnkkjd ce n wjkk-vjetckntjd

wjkk-vjetckntjd rmmg wctb suaaclcjet
suaa clcjet lkjnrnelj
lrctjrcn amr pjrsmeejk tm cespjlt ned gncetnce tbj rjiukntmr.
Tbj cestnkkjr sbmukd rjajr tm tbj spjlcacl cestnkkntcme pkne amr cgpknetntcme.
Tbj sjrcjs lut-muts ned tbj lcrluct sjkjltmr (ca ney) nrj ijejrnkky nksm cestnkkjd
ce tbj sngj rmmg (rjajr tm npprmprcntj gneunk).
Amr spjlcnk gmdjks, rjajr nksm tm tbj npprmprcntj gneunks (mutscdj, pmrtnhkj,
rnlo-gmuetjd vjrscme).
4<

8.8 Cestnkkntcme
Xjiukntmr Ca tbj rjiukntmr cs jqucppjd wctb lnstmrs, ct lne scgpky hj pusbjd tm tbj rcibt
wctb wbjjks kmlntcme ce tbj suhstntcme, prmvcdjd tbj akmmr cs aknt.
Ndjquntj prjlnutcmes
prjlnutcmes sbmukd hj tnoje tm nvmcd mvjrhnknelcei
mvjrhnknelcei tbj rjiukntmr
rjiukntmr ca
tbjrj nrj mhstnlkjs me tbj akmmr sulb ns wcrjs mr sgnkk uejvjeejss.
uejvjeejss.
Emtj tbnt tbj 4 tm >6 oQN rjiukntmrs dm emt bnvj n squnrj ammtprcet.
Xjiukntmr Tbj rjiukntmr lne hj kcatjd hy tbj kcatcei kuis me tbj tmp (sjj aci >-8). Nkwnys
wctbmut usj tbj 4 kcatcei kuis tm kcat ct.
wbjjks
Qjetckntcme Ncr mutkjt ircds nrj prmvcdjd nt tbj rjnr ned tbj tmp? ncr cekjt ircds, nt tbj
hmttmg ned tbj armet ma tbj rjiukntmr.
Tm nvmcd mvjrbjntcei ma LLX-lmgpmejets, tnoj lnrj ejvjr tm mhturntj tbjsj
vjetckntcme ircds.
Aci. 8-> icvjs tbj pmsctcme ma tbj rjiukntmr wctb rjinrd tm tbj gcecgug
lkjnrnelj ejljssnry tm bnvj immd vjetckntcme. \cdj hy scdj, tbj rjiukntmrs
bnvj tm rjgnce tm n gcecgug ma : lg armg jnlb mtbjr.
Aci 8->0 Cestnkkntcme ma GLX, gcecgug lkjnrnelj wnkks
Ncr jxbnust
Gce :6 lg tm tbj wnkk
Armet scdj
Xjnr
scdj
Ncr cetnoj
Ncr
jxbnust
Ncr cetnoj
44

8.8 Cestnkkntcme, Lmetceujd
Xjgmvnhkj • 8.: oQN0 tmp ned rjnr pnejks

pnejks • 4 tm >6 oQN0 tmp, armet ned rjnr
rjnr pnejks
pnejks
(GLX wctb sjrcnk eughjr jedcei me n < nksm kjat ned rcibt pnejk)
• >8.: tm <6 oQN0 tmp, armet ned rjnr
rjnr pnejks.
pnejks.
Tbj tmp, armet ned rjnr pnejks bnvj vjetckntcme ircds mr skmts.
Ybje tbj tmp pnejk cs rj-cestnkkjd, lnrj sbmukd hj tnoje tm pmsctcme tbj
vjetckntcme skmts lmrrjltky0
• 4 tm >6
>6 oQN0 tbj skmts gust hj nhmvj
nhmvj tbj tbyrcstmr lmmkcei
lmmkcei ace,
• >8.: tm <6 oQN0 tbj skmts gust
gust hj nhm
nhmvj
vj tbj tbyrcstmr
tbyrcstmr lmmkcei
lmmkcei ace ned tbj
sjrcjs lbmoj.
Jnlb rjgmvnhkj pnejk cs irmuedjd wctb n irjje/ yjkkmw wcrj wctb n anst-me
lmeejltmr. Tbcs wcrj gust hj dcslmeejltjd hjamrj tnocei tbj pnejk nwny ned
ct cs gnedntmry tm rj-lmeejlt ct me tbj pnejk wbje rj-cestnkkjd.
rj-cestnkkjd.
Lutmut \LM Ns ne mptcme, tbj rjiukntmr GLX

GLX lne hj djkcvjrjd
djkcvjrjd wctb n lutmut
lutmut \LM
gmuetjd metm tbj hmttmg pnrt ma tbj rjnr
r jnr pnejk.
Xjajr tm tbj cestrultcme gneunk NG.61.4::j amr gmrj ceamrgntcme nhmut ct.
Vclturj Aci 8-80 djtnck ma n typclnk cestnkkntcme
4:

8.< Jkjltrclnk lmeejltcme
Ynrecei Vjrsmeejk qunkcacjd tm wmro me bcib vmktnij jqucpgjet sbmukd

pjramrg cestnkkntcme ned mpjrntcme.
Hjamrj lmeejltcme, lbjlo ca tbj rjiukntmr suppky vmktnij
lmrrjspmeds tm tbj kmlnk suppky.
Vnejks tm Amr lmeejltcei tbj suppky, mutput ned rjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkjs,
rjgmvj • 8,: oQN0 rjgmvj tmp ned
ned rjnr
rjnr pnejk
pnejk
• 4 tm >6 oQN0 rjgmvj tbj armet ned rjnr pnejks
pnejks
(GLX wctb sjrcnk eughjr jedcei me n < meky rjnr pnejk)
• >8.: tm <6 oQN0 rjgmvj tbj armet ned rjnr
rjnr pnejks.
pnejks.
Xjajr tm tbj prjvcmus pnij amr tbj prjlnutcmes tm tnoj.
Irmuedcei Nktbmuib tbj suppky lnhkj celkud

celkudjs
js n irmued wcrj, nddctcmenk
nddctcmenk snajty
irmuedcei cs rjqucrjd. Zsj tbj irmued studs G1 me tbj rjnr/ hmttmg ma tbj
rjiukntmr (sjj Aci >-1 ned Aci >-3). Tbj irmuedcei wcrj wckk bnvj
bnvj nt kjnst >1
gg¸ ned hj ns sbmrt ns pmsschkj.
Gnce suppky Tbj gcecgug sjltcme ma tbj gnce suppky lnhkj (sjj tnhkj 8.>) cs vnkcd uedjr
lnhkj amkkmwcei lmedctcmes0
• Gjne nghcjet tjgpjrnturj ma <:¶L

• VQL cesukntjd lnhkjs
• Lnhkj sjpnrntcme nt kjnst >x tbj lnhkj dcngjtjr
• Lnhkj kjeitb armg tbj kmw
kmw vmktnij
vmktnij dcstrchutcme
dcstrchutcme hmnrd tm tbj GLX cs nhmut
nhmut
>:g.
\trnps me Lbjlo tbj pmsctcme ma tbj strnps me tbj cetjranlj gmdukj (VLH>442).
VLH–s
41

lmeejltcme, lmetceujd
8.< Jkjltrclnk lmeejltcme,
Tnhkj 8-> Tnhkj 8->0 Gnce suppky lnhkj sjltcmes, ausjs, pmwjr gmdukj,…
CEVZT \ZVVKS QMKTNIJ 886/8<6/846Q

886/8<6/846Q
Mutput Vmwjr Ausj ce ausjd C ce \jltcme \trcp- \jltcme \trcp- jxtjrenk
pmwjr gmdukj swctlb suppky pcei jnrtb pcei ausj
(oQN) Xntcei Typj wcrj (gg) wcrj (gg)
gg¸ gg¸
8.: O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd >4 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
4 O\X 4<N 8: N Ejmzjd 88 1 >1 1 >1 <: N
: O\X 4<N <: N Ejmzjd 82 >6 >1 >6 >1 :6 N
9.: O\X 4<N :6 N Ejmzjd 4> >1 >1 >1 >1 1< N
>6 O\X >>6N 1< N Ejmzjd :4 8: 88 >1 >2 26 N
>8.: O\X >>6N 26 N EB66 19 <: 88 >1 >2 >66 N
>: O\X >>6N >66 N EB66 99 <: 88 >1 >2 >66 N
86 O\X >>6N >8: N EB66 >6< :6 88 8: >2 >8: N
8: / / / / /
<6 / / / / /
CEVZT \ZVVKS QMKTNIJ <26Q

<26Q
gg¸ gg¸
8.: O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd 2 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
4 O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd >< 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
: O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd >9 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
9.: O\X 4<N 8: N Ejmzjd 84 1 >1 1 >1 <: N
>6 4<N
O\X 4<N <: N Ejmzjd <> >6 >1 1 >1 :6 N
>8.: 4<N
O\X 4<N :6 N Ejmzjd <2 >1 >2 >1 >2 1< N
>: 4<N
O\X 4<N :6 N Ejmzjd 4: >1 >2 >1 >2 1< N
86 O\X >>6N 26 N EB66 16 8: 88 >1 >2 26 N
8: O\X >>6N 26 N EB66 9: <: 88 >1 >2 >66 N
<6 O\X >>6N
>>6N >66 N EB66 22 :6 88 8: >2 >8: N
CEVZT \ZVVKS QMKTNIJ 466/4>:Q

466/4>:Q
gg¸ gg¸
8.: O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd 2 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
4 O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd >< 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
: O\X 4<N 86 N Ejmzjd >9 4 >1 4 >1 8: N
9.: O\X 4<N 8: N Ejmzjd 84 1 >1 1 >1 <: N
>6 4<N
O\X 4<N <: N Ejmzjd <> >6 >1 1 >1 :6 N
>8.: 4<N
O\X 4<N :6 N Ejmzjd <2 >1 >2 >1 >2 1< N
>: 4<N
O\X 4<N :6 N Ejmzjd 4: >1 >2 >1 >2 1< N
86 O\X >>6N 1< N EB66 :9 8: 88 >1 >2 26 N
8: O\X >>6N 26 N EB66 9: <: 88 >1 >2 >66 N
<6 O\X >>6N
>>6N >66 N EB66 22 :6 88 8: >2 >8: N
49

8.< Jkjltrclnk lmeejltcme, Lmetceujd
GLX 8.:oQN Aci 8-<0 Lmeejltcei n 8.:oQN GLX
Gnce suppky tjrgcenks wctb jnrtb

tjrgcenk ‛CEVZT‗
42

GLX Aci 8-40 Lmeejltcei n 4 tm >6 oQN

o QN GLX (sjrcjs lnhkj, suppky lnhkj ned rjnr rjgmtj
4 tm >6 oQN lmetrmk lnhkjs)

XQ- DQ tjrgcenks
Xjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj

guktcwcrj rjnr lmeejltcme
\trjss rjkcjvj lnhkj lkngps
\uppky lnhkj
Xjnr rjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj
\jrcjs lnhkj tjrgcenk wctb ljetrnk

jnrtb tjrgcenk (MZT 8-IXED-MZT >)
\1 tbrmuib \> tnp ndnptntcme

tm nltunk kmnd
Tjrgcenk cdjetcaclntcme knhjk
\jrcjs lnhkj
Aci 8-:0 Lmeejltcei n 4 tm >6 oQN GLX (sjrcjs lnhkj, suppky lnhkj ned rjnr rjgmtj
lmetrmk lnhkjs) wctb lutmut \LM

XQ “ DQ tjrgcenks
Cetjrkmlo lnhkj
\uppky lnhkj
Xjnr rjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj
\jrcjs lnhkj tjrgcenk wctb ljetrnk

jnrtb tjrgcenk
(MZT 8-IXED-MZT >)

tm nltunk kmnd
Tjrgcenk cdjetcaclntcme knhjk

\jrcjs lnhkj
Ca tbj sjrcjs lnhkj cs slrjjejd mr nrgmrjd ct cs gnedntmry tm lmeejlt tbj

slrjje mr tbj nrgnturj tm tbj irmued cescdj mr mutscdj tbj rjiukntmr.
43
43
GLX Aci 8-10 Lmeejltcei n >8.: tm <6 oQN GLX (sjrcjs lnhkj, suppky lnhkj ned rjnr rjgmtj
>8.: tm <6 oQN lmetrmk lnhkj) - Armet vcjw

tm nltunk kmnd
\jrcjs lnhkj
Aci 8-90 Lmeejltcei n >8.: tm <6 oQN GLX- Xjnr vcjw

\uppky lnhkj

\uppky ned rjnr rjgmtj

lmetrmk lnhkj
\jrcjs lnhkj
:6
• Ca tbj sjrcjs lnhkj cs slrjjejd mr nrgmurjd ct cs gnedntmry tm lmeejlt tbj

slrjje mr tbj nrgnturj tm tbj irmued cescdj mr mutscdj tbj rjiukntmr.
• Lmeejlt tbj sjrcjs lnhkjs tm tbj kcibtecei nrrjstmrs? dm emt rjgmvj tbj
mtbjr wcrjs lmeejltjd tm tbjg (\tud dcngjtjr 7 >6 gg).
• \jj prjvcmus pnij amr lmeejltcme wctb n lutmut.
8.4 \tnrtcei prmljdurj
Lnutcme Xjnd tbj snajty cestrultcmes ned lbjlo ca tbj cestnkkntcme lmgpkcjs wctb pnrn.
8.<. Dm tbj amkkmwc
a mkkmwcei
ei prjkcgcenry lbjlos0
• irmuedcei
• gnce suppky
suppky lnhkj, rmutcei, wcrcei
wcrcei ned
ned vmktnij
vmktnij
• sjrcjs lcrluct
lcrluct lnhkj,
lnhkj, rmutcei, wcrcei
wcrcei ned cesukntcme rjscstnelj tm jnrtb.
• rjgmtj lmetrmk lnhkj, rmutcei, wcrcei
wcrcei ned vmktnij.
Vrmljdurj Tbj acrst stnrt-up wckk hj dmej ce kmlnk lmetrmk meky

lmetrmk meky (drug sjkjltmr me armet
pnejk ma lmetrmk gmdukj). Ct cs ndvcsjd, ns anr ns pmsschkj, tm dcslmeejlt tbj
rjgmtj lmetrmk.
\tjp Nltcme
> Mpje tbj ausjd ceput swctlb (Aci >-8) ned put tbj drug sjkjltmr (Aci >-
>:) ce tbj MAA pmsctcme.
8 Dcslmeejlt tbj sjrcjs lcrluct (ca nkrjndy lmeejltjd) ned sbmrt tbj mutput
tjrgcenks. Gjnsurj tbj mutput lurrjet wctb ne NL lurrjet lkngp nrmued
tbj sbmrtcei wcrj. Ynrecei0 Bcib vmktnij!
< \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr suppky me tbj kmw vmktnij dcstrchutcme hmnrd ned
gjnsurj tbj ceput vmktnij me tbj gnce suppky tjrgcenks (Aci 8-<, 8.4, 8.:
ned 8-9). Tbj gjnsurjd vmktnij gust gntlb tbj ceput vmktnij cedclntjd
me tbj engjpkntj wctbce -: tm +>6%.
4 Lbjlo ca tbj ceput ausjs nrj lmrrjltky pmsctcmejd.
: Yctb tbj drug sjkjltmr stckk ce tbj MAA pmsctcme, lkmsj tbj ausjd ceput
swctlb. Tbj dcspkny me tbj lmetrmk gmdukj wckk cedclntj ‛6.66‗ (mutput
lurrjet) ned tbj irjje ‛ME‗ kjd ned tbj yjkkmw ‛KMLNK‗ kjd wckk hj kct.
1 Ture tbj drug sjkjltmr tm pmsctcme H> ned gjnsurj tbj mutput lurrjet
wctb tbj jxtjrenk N-gjtjr ned lmgpnrj ct wctb tbj cedclntcme me tbj
dcspkny. Xjpjnt tbj sngj amr nkk jnlb hrcibtejss stjp hy turecei tbj drug
sjkjltmr tbrmuib pmsctcmes H> tm H2.
Tbj vnkuj ma tbj nltunk mutput lurrjet djpjeds me tbj eughjr ma
prmirnggjd stjps (sjj pnrn. >.4)
9 \wctlb MAA tbj rjiukntmr hy turecei tbj drug sjkjltmr LLY (lmuetjr
lkmlo wcsj) tm tbj MAA pmsctcme ned mpje tbj ausjd ceput swctlb.
2 Xjgmvj tbj sbmrt lcrluct me tbj mutput ned swctlb tbj rjiukntmr ME
(lkmsj tbj ausjd swctlb ned ture tbj drug sjkjltmr tm pmsctcme H>). Tbj
gnce lmetnltmr wckk swctlb ME ned natjr n sbmrt pjrcmd MAA. Tbj dcspkny
wckk cedclntj ‛C;;‛ ned tbj kjd ‛C anukt‗ me tbj lmetrmk gmdukj kcibts up,
cedclntcei ne mpje sjrcjs lcrluct.
:>
3 \wctlb MAA tbj rjiukntmr hy turecei tbj drug sjkjltmr LLY (lmuetjr
lkmlo wcsj) tm tbj MAA pmsctcme ned mpje tbj ausjd ceput swctlb.
Lmeejlt tbj sjrcjs lcrluct tm tbj rjiukntmr. \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr ned
lbjlo tbj mutput lurrjet. Lbjlo tbnt tbj gnxcgug mutput lurrjet cs emt
kjss tbne 1.1 N (mr 86N).
Zekjss tbj gnxcgug mutput lurrjet bns hjje rjprmirnggjd, anckurj tm
rjnlb tbnt lurrjet cedclntjs n tmm bcib sjrcjs lcrluct kmnd mr n tmm kmw
gnce suppky vmktnij. \wctlb maa tbj GLX.
Yctb tbj gnxcgug mutput lurrjet, lbjlo tbnt tbj gnce ceput vmktnij cs
emt kjss tbne tbj 3:% ma tbj emgcenk vnkuj.
>6 Vrmljjd wctb tbj ndnptntcme ma tbj mutput trnesamrgjr sjlmednry tnps tm
tbj nltunk kmnd. (pnrn. 8.4.>)
>> Lnkchrntcme ma tbj JAD ned KAD mptcme (ca cestnkkjd).(sjj sjltcme 9)
8.4.> Tnp sjkjltcme
Tnrijt Ndnptntcme ma tbj rjiukntmr tm tbj cestnkkjd

cestnkkjd kmnd hy usc
uscei
ei tbj rcibt tnp
lmghcentcme.
Tbrjj >. Gjnsurjgjet

Gjnsurjgjet ma tbj mutput vmktnij dcrjltky me tbj mutput tjrgcen
tjrgcenks.
ks.
gjtbmds nrj Ynrecei0 Bcib Qmktnij!
Qmktnij!
pmsschkj 8. Gjnsurjgjet ma tbj prcgnry vmktnij
vmktnij me tbj mutput trnesamrgjr
<. Zsj ma tbj GLX pnrngjtrcsntcme
pnrngjtrcsntcme smatwnrj ceamrgntcme.
Vrjkcgcenry Amr jnlb gjtbmd n prjkcgcenry vcsunk lbjlo wckk hj gndj me tbj sjrcjs lcrluct.
lbjlo \wctlb ME tbj LLX nt n lmevjecjet hrcibtejss ned lbjlo tbnt nkk tbj kngps
ma tbj lcrluct mpjrntj. Ca emt, tnoj lmrrjltcvj nltcmes uetck nkk kngps nrj MO.
Lbjlo tbnt tbj gnces vmktnij cs nt cts emgcenk vnkuj.
Acrst gjtbmd Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet
\tjp Nltcme
> \wctlb ME tbj GLX tm tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp 1.1N mr 86N
8 Gjnsurj tbj XG\ mutput vmktnij nt tbj mutput tjrgcenks natjr
nhmut >6 gceutjs. Djtjrgcej tbj lmrrjlt tnp uscei tnhkj 8.8 -
lbmmsj tbj tnp wctb tbj ejnrjst bcibjr vmktnij tbne tbj gjnsurjd
XG\ mutput vmktnij.
\wctlb maa tbj GLX ned wcrj tbj lbmsje tnp (sjj pnr 8.4.8).
Ynrecei0 Bcib Qmktnij!
Qmktnij!
< \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr nt tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss amr nhmut >6-
gce. ned lbjlo tbnt tbj mutput lurrjet cs emt hjkmw tbj gnxcgug
vnkuj. Ca tbj mutput lurrjet cs tmm kmw, wcrj tm tbj ejxt bcibjr tnp.
4 Lkmsj tbj GLX tnocei cetm nllmuet tbj rjqucrjgjets icvje ce pnr.
8.8.
Tnhkj 8.8 Tnhkj 8-80 Gnxcgug vmktnijs (Q XG\) amr jnlb tnp, jnlb pmwjr ned mutput lurrjet.
VYX/ Cmut Tnp 2/2 9/2 1/2 4/2 8/2
8.: oQN/ 1.1N <92 - - >36 -
4 oQN/ 1.1N 161 :<6 4:6 <66 >:6
: oQN/ 1.1N 9:9 116 :1: <9: >2:
:8
9.: oQN/ 1.1N >><1 336 2:6 :1: 826

>6 oQN/ 1.1N >:>: ><86 >><6 9:: <9:
>8.: oQN/ 1.1N >234 >1:6 >4>6 346 41:
>: oQN/ 1.1N 8898 >326 >13: >><6 :16
86 oQN/ 1.1N <6<6 814: 8816 >:6: 94:
8: oQN/ 1.1N <922 <<6: 828: >226 3<:
<6 oQN/ 1.1N 4:4: <31: <<36 88:: >>86
8: oQN/ 86N >8:6 >636 3<6 186 <>6
<6 oQN/ 86N >:66 ><>6 >>86 94: <96

:<
sjkjltcme, Lmetceujd
8.4.> Tnp sjkjltcme,
\jlmed Gjnsurjgjett ma tbj

Gjnsurjgje t bj prcgnry vmktnij me tbj mutput trnesamrgjr
gjtbmd
\tjp Nltcme
> Xjgmvj tbj armet pnejk ma tbj pmwjr gmdukj (O\X4<N mr
O\X>>6N) hy kmmsjecei tbj : slrjws.
: slrjws tm
rjgmvj
Dm emt kmsj tbj pce wnsbjrs, tbjy gust hj put ce pknlj nince.
8 \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr tm tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp.
< Natjr nhmut >6 gceutjs, gjnsurj tbj vmktnij me tbj tjrgcenks
knhjkkjd ‛MZT>‗ ned ‛MZT8‗ ma tbj pmwjr gmdukj.
4 \wctlb MAA tbj GLX. Zscei tbj tnhkj 8.<, sjkjlt ned wcrj (sjj
pnr 8.4.> ned 8.4.8) tbj tnp tm hj usjd.
: Melj tbj tnps bnd hjje wcrjd, swctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr nince nt
tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss amr nhmut >6 gceutjs ned lbjlo tbnt tbj
mutput lurrjet cs emt hjkmw tbj gnxcgug vnkuj. Ca tbj mutput
lurrjet cs tmm kmw, wcrj tm tbj ejxt bcibjr tnp.
1 Lkmsj tbj GLX tnocei cetm nllmuet tbj rjqucrjgjets icvje ce
pnrn. 8.8.
:4
Tnhkj 8-< Tnhkj 8-<0 Tnp tm lbmmsj, amr jnlb pmwjr, djpjedcei me tbj gjnsurjd prcgnry vmktnij.
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj TNV
8.: oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
>33->9: 862->2< 8>9->3> <4<-<6> <16-<>1 <92-<<8 2/2
>66-:> >64-:< >62-:: >9>-29 >26-3> >23-31 4/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj TNV
4 oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
>33->9: 862->2< 8>9->3> <4<-<6> <16-<>1 <92-<<8 2/2
>94->:6 >28->:9 >36->14 <66-8:2 <>:-89> <<>-82: 9/2
>43->6> >:1->6: >1<->63 8:9->98 896->2> 824->36 1/2
>66-:> >64-:< >62-:: >9>-29 >26-3> >23-31 4/2
:6-6 :8-6 :4-6 21-6 36-6 3:-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj TNV
: oQN 886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:

Gjnsurjd vmktnij
>33->91 862->24 8>9->38 <4<-<68 <16-<>2 <92-<<4 2/2
>9:->:> >28->:2 >3>->14 <6>-8:3 <>9-89< <<<-829 9/2
>:6->6> >:9->6: >1<->>6 8:2->9< 898->28 821->3> 1/2
>66-:> >64-:< >63-:: >98-29 >2>-3> >36-31 4/2
:6-6 :8-6 :4-6 21-6 36-6 3:-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
9.: oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
86>->99 8>6->2: 8>3->3< <49-<64 <1:-<86 <2<-<<1 2/2
>91->:8 >24->:3 >38->1: <6<-81> <>3-89: <<:-823 9/2
>:>->6> >:2->61 >14->>> 816->94 894->24 822->3< 1/2
>66-:>
:6-6 >6:-:4
>6: -:4
:<-6 >>6-:1
>>6-:
::-6 1 >9<-22
29-6 >2<-38
>2< -38
3>-6 >38-39
31-6 4/2
8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
>6 oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
866->91 8>6->2: 886->3< <41-<6< <11-<8> <21-<<3 2/2
>9:->:> >24->:2 >38->11 <68-816 <86-89: <<2-836 9/2
>:6->6> >:9->61 >1:->>> 8:3->94 894->24 823->34 1/2
>66-:> >6:-:< >>6-:1 >9<-29 >2<-38 >3<-39 4/2
:6-6 :8-6 ::-6 21-6 3>-6 31-6 8/2
Lmetceujd me ejxt pnij

::
Tnhkj 8-< Tnhkj 8-<0 Tnp tm

t m lbmmsj, amr jnlb pmwjr, djpjedcei
djpjedcei me tbj gjnsurjd
prcgnry vmktnij (Lmetceujd).
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
>8.: oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
866->2: 8>6->3< 886-86> <41-<86 <11-<<: <21-<:> 2/2
>24->:3 >38->11 866->9< <>3-894 <<4-822 <:6-<6> 9/2
>:2->6> >1:->6: >98->>6 89<->9< 829->28 <66->3> 1/2
>66-:8 >64-:4 >63-:9 >98-23 >2>-34 >36-33 4/2
:>-6 :<-6 :1-6 22-6 3<-6 32-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
>: oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
8>8->21 88>->34 8<6-868 <14-<86 <2<-<<1 46>-<:8 2/2
>2:->16 >3<->19 86>->9< <>3-894 <<:-822 <:>-<68 9/2
>:3->64 >11->>> >98->>1 89<->2< 829->38 <6>-86> 1/2
>61-:4 >>6-:1 >>:-:2 >28-38 >3>-39 866->6> 4/2
:>-6 ::-6 :9-6 3>-6 31-6 >66-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
86 oQN 886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
8>>->2: 88>->3: 88<-864 <12-<8< <24-<<9 46:-<:: 2/2
>24->:3 >34->19 86<->9: <88-899 <<1-823 <:4-<6: 9/2
>:2->61 >11->>8 >94->>9 891->2: 822->3< <64-864 1/2
>6:-:4 >>>-:1 >>1-:3 >24-3< >38-39 86<->68 4/2
:>-6 ::-6 :2-6 38-6 31-6 >6>-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
8: oQN 886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
-- -- -- <14-<86
<>3-894 <28-<<:
<<4-829 <33-<:6
<43-<66 2/2
9/2
- - - 89<->2< 821->38 833-866 1/2
- - - >28-38 >3>-31 >33->6> 4/2
- - - 3>-6 3:-6 >66-6 8/2
\uppky vmktnij
vmktnij Zsj tnp
<6 oQN
886 8<6 846 <26 466 4>:
Gjnsurjd vmktnij
- - - <96-<84 <22-<4> 469-<:9 2/2
- - - <8<-892 <46-838 <:1-<61 9/2
- - - 899->21 83>->3: <6:-86: 1/2
- - - >2:-3< >34-32 864->6< 4/2
- - - 38-6 39-6 >68-6 8/2
:1
Tbcrd gjtbmd Smu lne nksm usj tbj VL smatwnrj (sjj sjltcme 9) tm djtjrgcej wbclb tnp tm
sjkjlt. Tbjrjamrj, amkkmw tbj ejxt prmljdurj.
Vrmljdurj
\tjp Nltcme
> Ycrj tbj 2/2 tnp ned swctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr tm tbj gnxcgug
hrcibtejss.
8 Lmeejlt tbj VL tm tbj rjiukntmr, mpje tbj prmirng ned im tm
gjeu A20 ‛pmwjr gmectmrcei‗. \jkjlt ce tbj suh-gjeu ‛prcgnry
pnrngjtjrs‗ tbj ‛Tbyrcstmr lmedultcme neikj‗ pnrngjtjr.
< Xjnd tbj tbyrcstmr lmedultcme neikj ned sjkjlt tbj tnp uscei tbj
tnhkj hjkmw0
Ca tbj tbyrcstmr lmedultcme neikj sjkjlt tbj tnp

hjtwjje >>:¶ ned ><6¶ 9/ 2
hjtwjje 36¶ ned >>:¶ 1/ 2
hjtwjje 19¶ ned 36¶ 4/ 2
;19¶ 8/ 2
4 \wctlb MAA tbj rjiukntmr ned wcrj tbj lbmsje tnp.

: \wctlb ME nince nt tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss ned lbjlo tbj
‛tbyrcstmr lmedultcme neikj‗.
Ca tbj tbyrcstmr lmedultcme tbje

neikj
; >4:¶ tbj lbmsje tnp cs lmrrjlt.
5 >4:¶ im tm tbj ejxt bcibjr stjp.
:9
8.4.8 Tnp wcrcei
Tnp wcrcei Tm wcrj tbj tnp, prmljjd ns amkkmws.

8.: oQN
\tjp Nltcme
> Tm ince nlljss tm tbj pmwjr trnesamrgjr tjrgcenks (\1 tm \>),
rjgmvj tbj tmp lmvjr ned dcslmeejlt tbj irmuedir mued wcrj. Emtj tbj
pmsctcme ma tbj vjetckntcme skmts.
8 Ycrj tbj tnp nllmrdcei tm aci 8->>.
< \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr nt tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp amr nhmut
>6 gceutjs
4 Lbjlo tbnt tbj mutput lurrjet cs emt hjkmw tbj gnxcgug vnkuj.
Ca ct cs sm, wcrj tm tbj ejxt bcibjr stjp ned lbjlo nince tckk tbj
mutput lurrjet cs hjkmw tbj gnxcgug vnkuj.
: Lkmsj tbj GLX tnocei cetm nllmuet tbj rjqucrjgjets icvje ce pnr.
<.8.
Aci 8-2 0 8.: oQN pmwjr

pmw jr trnesamrgjr tmp vcjw
:2
wcrcei, Lmetceujd
8.4.8. Tnp wcrcei,
Tnp wcrcei Tm wcrj tbj tnp, prmljjd ns amkkmws.

4 tm <6oQN (n spnrj strnp cs prmvcdjd me \:).
\tjp Nltcme
> Xjgmvj tbj armet pnejk ned dcslmeejlt tbj irmued wcrj.
8 Ycrj tbj tnp nllmrdcei tm aci 8->>.
< \wctlb ME tbj rjiukntmr nt tbj gnxcgug hrcibtejss stjp amr nhmut
>6 gceutjs
4 Lbjlo tbnt tbj mutput lurrjet cs emt hjkmw tbj gnxcgug vnkuj.
Ca ct cs sm, wcrj tm tbj ejxt bcibjr stjp ned lbjlo nince tckk tbj mutput
lurrjet cs hjkmw tbj gnxcgug vnkuj.
: Lkmsj tbj GLX tnocei cetm nllmuet tbj rjqucrjgjets icvje ce pnr.
<.8.
Vclturj Aci 8-3 0 Tnp ndnptntcme GLX 4 tm >6 oQN
\1 tbrmuib tm
ndnptntcme \>nltunk
tnp
kmnd
Tjrgcenk
cdjetcaclntcme knhjk
Vclturj Aci 8->6 0 Tnp ndnptntcme GLX >8.: tm <6 oQN
\pnrj strnp
:3
wcrcei, Lmetceujd
8.4.8. Tnp wcrcei,
Vclturj Aci 8->>0 Tnp wcrcei
\> wcrj g> \> wcrj g>

\8 \8
28 tm >66 % 9> tm 2> %

(2/2) (9/2)
\< \<
\4 wcrj g8 \4
\: \: wcrj g8
strnp H strnp H
\1 \1
\>
\8
\>
\8
wcrj g>
wcrj g>
:3 tm 96 % 88 tm 41 %
(1/2) (4/2)
\< \<
strnp N
\4 \4 wcrj g8
\: wcrj g8 \:
strnp H strnp H
\1 \1
\> wcrj g>

\8
2 tm 88 %
(8/2)
\<
strnp H
\4 wcrj g8
\:
\1
16

1>
8.: Xjpnrntcmes ned gmdcaclntcmes
8.:.> Xjpknljgjet ma gmdukjs
Xjpknljgjet ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj

\tjp Nltcme
> Zeslrjw tbj twm acxcei slrjws ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj (aci >->:).
8 Tnoj tbj lmetrmk gmdukj vjry lnrjaukky mut ma tbj GLX “ emt tmm anr tm nvmcd
dngnij tm tbj aknt
a knt lnhkj, wbclb lmeejlts tbj gmdukj wctb tbj cetjranlj
gmdukj (aci >->9).
< Zepkui tbj aknt lnhkj armg tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy-hnlo ned rjgmvj tbj
djajltcvj lmetrmk gmdukj.
4 Cesjrt tbj ejw gmdukj ce tbj GLX. Ybje tbj gmdukj cs nkgmst lmgpkjtjky ce
tbj GLX, pkui tbj aknt lnhkj ce tbj lmeejltmr ma tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy-
hnlo. Tbje pusb tbj gmdukj ned acx ct hy tbj twm slrjws.
: Dme–t amrijt tm kmnd tbj lmeaciurntcme ackj ma tbj djajltcvj gmdukj ce tbj ejw
mej wctb tbj VL smatwnrj.
• \jkjlt gjeu A< ‛VL lmetrmk‗
• Jxjlutj tbj lmggned ‛Xjstmrj armg ackj‗
a ckj‗ ce tbj ‛\nvj/Xjstmrj‗ suhgjeu.
Ackk mut tbj sjrcnk eughjr ma tbj djajltcvj gmdukj (sjj kmihmmo).
• \mgj dntn ma tbj mkd lmeaci ackj
a ckj nrj emt trnesajrrjd sulb ns tbj
pnrngjtjrcsntcme dntn amr tbj KAD. Tbj KAD bns tm hj rjlnkchrntjd (sjj
gjeu A9).
1 Ca ymu nrj surj ma ymur pnrngjtjrcsntcme, snvj ymur ceamrgntcme wctb tbj
lmggned ‛\nvj tm JJVXMG ned dcsl‗ (Gjeu A<).
Xjpknljgjet ma tbj pmwjr gmdukj

\tjp Nltcme
> Tnoj tbj lmetrmk gmdukj mut ma tbj GLX.
8 Zeslrjw tbj twm acxcei slrjws (me tmp ned hmttmg ma tbj armet pnejk) ned
rjgmvj tbj pmwjr gmdukj
< Zeslrjw tbj 4 acxcei slrjws ma tbj armet pnejk wctb tbj bnedkj.
4 Dcslmeejlt tbj : wcrjs me tbj tjrgcenks CE, MZT ned VJ.
: Zeslrjw tbj twm slrjws ma tbj pkui V9 me tbj pmwjr gmdukj (aci >->8 ned >-
><)
1 Lbjlo ca tbj prcgnry ma tbj ajjdcei trnesamrgjr cs wcrjd nllmrdcei tbj suppky
vmktnij ma tbj GLX (drnwcei
(drnwcei <883.>6.41> pnij >/< ned 8/<).
9 Cesjrt tbj ejw pmwjr gmdukj ce tbj GLX
2 Xjnssjghkj tbj lmgpkjtj pmwjr gmdukj ce tbj mppmsctj mrdjr ns djslrchjd
ce stjp > up tm :.
3 Cesjrt tbj lmetrmk gmdukj ce tbj GLX.
18
8.:.8 Xjpknljgjet ma JVXMGs
Xjpknljgjet ma tbj JVXMG wctb tbj hnscl smatwnrj me tbj VLH><14

\tjp Nltcme
> Zeslrjw tbj 1 sgnkk hmkts ned euts me tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy
hnlo.
8 Zeslrjw tbj 8 bjxnimenk spnljrs ma tbj DH<9 lmeejltmr me tbj
armet pnejk ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj
< Xjgmvj tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy hnlo.
4 Xjgmvj tbj mkd JVXMG ma tbj VLH><14. (Tbj JVXMG cs kmlntjd
me tbj Z1 smlojt ce tbj kjat tmp lmrejr ma tbj VLH><14).
Tnoj nttjetcme tm tbj J\D prjlnutcmes!
prjlnutcmes!
: Vkui tbj ejw JVXMG me tbj smlojt Z1 ned vjrcay tbj pmsctcme ned
tbj pces ma tbj JVXMG.
1 Kmnd tbj lmeaciurntcme ackj ma tbj mkd JVXMG ce tbj ejw mej (sjj
rjpknljgjet ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj).
9 Xjnssjghkj tbj lmgpkjtj lmetrmk gmdukj ce tbj mppmsctj mrdjr ns
djslrchjd ce stjp > up tm 4.
1<
< \jltcme <
Gncetjenelj
Cetrmdultcme Tbj GLX rjiukntmrs bnvj hjje djvjkmpj

djvjkmpjdd uscei ejw tjlbemkmicjs ned ce vcjw
ma rjdulcei tbj gncetjenelj tnsos tm n gcecgug.
Tbcs sjltcme jstnhkcsbjs tbj gncetjenelj prmljdurjs rjqucrjd amr tbj GLX
rjiukntmr. Tbj gncetjenelj tnsos gust hj pjramrgjd me n sjlurcei hnscs tm
cesurj mptcgug pjramrgnelj, gcecgcsj sjrvclj cetjrruptcme ned nvmcd gn`mr
hrjnodmwes.
Lnutcme Meky pjrsmeejk nutbmrcsjd tm wmro me bcib vmktnij jqucpgjet sbmukd

pjramrg
pjramrg gncetjenel
gncetjenelj
j me tbj
tbj rjiukntmrs
rjiukntmrs..
Mpjrntj tbj rjiukntmr uedjr kmlnk lmetrmk, wbje pjramrgcei gncetjenelj

tnsos. Tbcs wckk prjvjet tbj rjiukntmr armg nllcdjetnkky hjcei turejd me
ned lnuscei sjrcmus ceùry mr djntb.

djntb.
Tnhkj <-> Tnhkj <->0 Vrjvjetcvj gncetjenelj.
Tm lbjlo Nltcme
Mpjrntcmenk • tbj mpjrntcme ma tbj • Zsj jvjetunkky n VL tm kmi tbj
rjiukntcme me nkk dntn
hrcibtejss stjps
• nkk rjndceis.
Jkjltrclnk • Ceput vmktnij • Ca tbj rjiukntmr vmktnij cs emt
wctbce -:% tm +>:% ma rntjd
vmktnij, emtcay tbj pmwjr
lmgpney tm lmrrjlt tbj
vmktnij.
• Mutput lurrjet (XG\ • Xjlmrd ct ned ndùst ca mut
mut ma
vnkuj) tmkjrnelj? usj n XG\-rjndcei
XG\-rjndcei
N-gjtjr.
Qcsunk • tbj wcrcei ma tbj • Xjpncr dngnijd mr kmmsj
rjiukntmr ned lcrluct wcrjs
• Xjpknlj dngnijd
lmgpmejets
• Bmuscei amr rust spmts • Lkjne ned rjpncet rust spmts.
ned dngnij. • Xjpncr tbj jvjetunk dngnijs
• Dust cescdj bmuscei • Lkjne hy hkmwcei dry ncr mvjr
tbj dcrty lmgpmejets,
VLH–s,…
14
4 \jltcme 4
Trmuhkjsbmmtcei
Cgpmrtnet Meky pjrsmeejk qunkcacjd tm wmro me bcib vmktnij systjgs sbmukd hj

prjlnutcme! pjrgcttjd
pjrgcttjd tm trmuhkjsbmmt
trmuhkjsbmmt me
me tbj rjiukn
rjiukntmr.
tmr.
Ca tbj rjiukntmr dj-jejricsjs suddjeky tbj mutput, tbj lcrluct lmukd hj

cetjrruptjd hy ne mvjrlurrjet, mpje lcrluct mr uedjrvmktnij lmedctcme.
Hjamrj cespjltcei tbj mutput lcrluct, pknlj tbj kmlnk lmetrmk swctlb ce tbj
MAA pmsctcme. Yctbmut tbcs prjlnutcme, n rcsj ma tbj pmwjr kcej gny
prmdulj
prmdu lj ne melylkcei
melylkcei ned
ned rjjejricz
rjjejriczj
j tbj rjiukn
rjiukntmr,
tmr, rjsuktcei
rjsuktcei ce ne mutput
mutput
vmktnij ma sjvjrnk buedrjds mr tbmusneds ma vmkts tbnt gny lnusj
sjrcmus ceùry mr djntb.
djntb.
Vrjkcgcenry Hjamrj ney mpjrntcme mr ndùstgjet lbjlo amr tbj mhvcmus 0

lbjlos • Kmlnk pnejk cedclntcmes (mr hnlo-cedclntcme
hnlo-cedclntcme scienks)
• Vmwjr suppky vmktnij maa
• Ausjd ceput swctlb
• Hkmwe ceput ausjs ned hkmwe nuxckcnry ausjs
• Kmmsj lmeejltcmes
• Lbnrrjd mr hurejd lmgpmejets
• Mpjeceis ce wcrcei.
1:
Trmuhkjsbmmtcei, Lmetceujd
Iucdjkcej Ns n iucdjkcej amr trmuhkjsbmmtcei,

trmuhkjsbmmtcei, usj Tnhkj 4-> up tm Tnhkj 4-<
4-<.. Tbrjj
dcaajrjet lnsjs nrj icvje0
Tnhkj Ybnt tm dm ca tbj rjiukntmr

Tnhkj 4-> dmjs emt ture me
Tnhkj 4-8
4-8 tures me hut djjejricsjs
djjejricsjs suddjeky
Tnhkj 4-<
4-< dmjs emt
emt prmdulj
prmdulj tbj rjqujstjd mutput
Dcspkny ned Tmijtbjr wctb tbjsj jxpknentcmes, tbj ejxt 8 tnhkjs sbmw bmw tm cetjrprjt tbj
kjd–s ceam. cedclntcmes me tbj armet pnejk dcspkny ned tbj gjnecei ma tbj dcaajrjet kjd–s0
Tnhkj Ceamrgntcme
Tnhkj 4-4 Bmw tm cetjrprjt tbj cedclntcmes
cedclntcmes me tbj dcspkny=
dcspkny=
Tnhkj 4-: Kjd–s ceamrgntcme
Ausjs Tbj tnhkj 4-1 icvjs ne mvjrvcjw ma tbj ausjs (gnce ausjs, ausjs me tbj pmwjr
gmdukj,…) ce tbj GLX.
11
Tnhkj 4-> Tnhkj 4->0 Xjiukntmr dmjs emt ture me.
Mhsjrvntcmes Vmsschkj lnusj \mkutcmes

Em kmlnk cedclntcmes • Vmwjr suppky tm tbj • Vmwjr suppky
hmnrd cetjrruptjd, lbjlo0
- ausjs ma tbj ausjd
swctlb (aci >-8)
- ausjs me tbj pmwjr
gmdukj (A>/A8 aci >->8
ned >-><)
- suppky trnesamrgjr(T>)
djajltcvj (aci >->8 ned
>-><)
“ cetjrenk ausjs me
VLH's
Cedclntcme "C
"C anukt"
anukt" • Vmwjr suppky kjvjk • Lbjlo tbj pmwjr
ned tbj gnce tmm kmw (kjss tbne suppky.
lmetnltmr ce tbj tbj prj-sjt vnkuj) Lmrrjlt ca pmsschkj tbj
pmwjr gmdukj (O me vmktnij kjvjk.
drnwcei • Ausj ma tbj trciijr • Xjpknlj tbj ausj
<883.>6.418) cs emt VLH (VLH><99 mr
jejricsjd. VLH >44>) me tbj
pmwjr gmdukj hkmwe
• Anckurj ce tbj lmetrmk • Xjpknlj tbj lmetrmk
gmdukj gmdukj
Cedclntcme "C
"C anukt"
anukt" • Anckurj ce tbj lmetrmk • Xjpknlj tbj lmetrmk
ned gnce lmetnltmr gmdukj gmdukj
(O) cs jejricsjd. • \but dmwe hy cetjr- • Lbjlo ca tbj lcrluct
lmeejltcei tjrgcenk sjkjltmr icvjs tbj scienk
"LLC" mr jxtjrenk mr dcslmeejlt tjrgcenk
84/42 Q DL wctb \D.
tjrgcenk \D
(\BZTDMYE).
19
Tnhkj 4-8 Tnhkj 4-80 Xjiukntmr tures me hut dj-jejricsjs suddjeky.

Vrmtjltcme ma tbj • Tmm anst nltcei mr • Lbjlo vnkujs armg
pmwjr suppky tm tbj tmm kmw kjvjk drnwcei <883.>6.418D.
LLX hjlngj • Vmwjr suppky wcrcei • Lbjlo tbj wcrcei tm tbj
mpjrntcmenk mr LLX lmgpmejets LLX ned tbj cetjrenk
wcrcei? lbjlo tbj ausjd
swctlb ned tjrgcenks.
LLX prmduljd • Mej tbyrcstmr cs emt • Lbjlo tbj wcrcei tm tbj
lmescdjrnhkj gmrj mpjrntcei mr sbmrt- tbyrcstmr intjs ned
emcsj ned tbj ausjs lcrluctjd cespjlt tbj trciijr lnrd
ma tbj ausjd swctlb (VLH ><99 mr
hkjw. VLH>44>).
• Anckurj ce tbyrcstmr • Xjpknlj tbj pmwjr
lmetrmk puksjs gmdukj
• Mej tbyrcstmr • Xjpknlj tbj pmwjr
cetjrruptjd gmdukj
• •
Cedclntcme
ned "C55" "C
meanukt"
anukt"
dcspkny Ne mvjrlurrjet
mllurrjd. mutput
Lbjlo lurrjet
tbj gnxcgug
ned, ca
ejljssnry rjndùst.
• Lbjlo tbj mvjrlurrjet
djtjltcme kjvjk ned, ca
ejljssnry rjndùst.
Cedclntcme "C anukt"
anukt" • Ne mpje lcrluct ce • Lbjlo tbj sjrcjs kmmp
ned "C;;"
"C;;" me
me dcspkny tbj kmmp mllurrjd amr ne cetjrruptcme
• LLX gnkaueltcme • Lbjlo tbj tbyrcstmrs, tbj
wcrcei ma tbj
trnesamrgjr, tbj lmetrmk
gmdukj, tbj mutput
lurrjet gjnsurjgjet
trnesamrgjr ned tbj
trciijr lnrd (VLH><99
mr VLH>44>)
12
Tnhkj 4-< Tnhkj 4-<0 Xjiukntmr dmjs emt prmdulj tbj rjqujstjd mutput lurrjet.

Nkwnys gnxcgug
gnxcgug • Gnxcgug hrcibtejss • Dcslmeejlt tbj rjgmtj
mutput lurrjet stjp cs nkwnys lmetrmk kcej amr tbj gnx.
sjkjltjd hrcibtejss stjp ned
lbjlo tbj rjgmtj
lmetrmk scienks.
• Anckurj ma tbj • Lbjlo tbj rjkny
mptcmenk rjgmtj lmetnlts ned jvjetunkky
lmetrmk rjkny hmnrd. rjpknlj tbj VLH ><19.
• Anckurj ma tbj lmetrmk • Xjpknlj tbj lmetrmk
gmdukj gmdukj,
Tbj mutput lurrjet • > hrcibtejss stjp cs • Lbjlo tbj rjgmtj
lne rjnlb cts nkwnys sjkjltjd. lmetrmk scienks
gnxcgug vnkuj hut • Anckurj ma tbj • Lbjlo tbj rjkny
lne emt im dmwe mptcmenk rjgmtj lmetnlts ned rjpknlj
hjkmw mej ma lmetrmk rjkny hmnrd. tbj VLH ><19.
hrcibtejss kjvjk • •
gmdukj.
Anckurj ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj,
Xjpknlj tbj lmetrmk
Meky tbj gcecgug • Anckurj ma tbj • Ca tbj gmdukj mpjrntjs
hrcibtejss stjp cs rjgmtj lmetrmk kcej. lmrrjltky ce kmlnk, tbje
sjkjltjd. lbjlo tbj rjgmtj
lmetrmk kcej
• Anckurj ma tbj lmetrmk • Xjpknlj tbj lmetrmk
gmdukj gmdukj,
Tbj mutput lurrjet cs • LLX cs mvjrkmndjd • Lbjlo tbj mutput
emt rjnlbjd ned trnesamrgjr tnp, tbj
scienk "C
"C anukt"
anukt" cs pmwjr suppky vmktnij
icvje. ned tbj kmnd
13
Tnhkj 4-4 Tnhkj 4-40 Bmw tm cetjrprjt tbj cedclntcmes me tbj armet pnejk.
Tbj 4 dcicts dcspkny emrgnkky cedclntjs tbj nltunk vnkujs ma tbj lbmsje
pnrngjtjr (sjj pnr. >.<.1), hut ce smgj lnsjs tbj dcspkny cedc
cedclntjs
lntjs n
lbnrnltjr strcei0
Ca Tbcs gjnes
%--- Vjrljetnij ma mutput kmnd emt nvncknhkj
nvncknhkj
Q--- Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet emt nvncknhkj
nvncknhkj
K--- Kngp anukt djtjltmr, emt prjsjet
K*** Kngp anukt djtjltmr, prjsjet hut dcsnhkjd mr emt ndùstjd
---G Jnrtb anukt djtjltmr, emt prjsjet
===G Jnrtb anukt djtjltmr, gjnsurjgjet emt nvncknhkj
nvncknhkj
Tbcs dcspkny wckk nksm cedclntj bmw tbj rjiukntmr

r jiukntmr cetjrprjts ne mllurrcei anckurj
tbnt lnusjs tbj rjiukntmr tm swctlb maa (ca tbj strnp \T8 me tbj VLH><14 cs ce
pmsctcme 8 wbclb cs n djanukt sjttcei me djkcvjry)0
Ca Tbcs gjnes
L\= Tbj rjiukntmr cs lmeaciurjd tm mpjrntj wctb n lcrluct sjkjltmr ned
jxpjlts tbus tm rjljcvj tbj ME-scienk tbrmuib tbj rjgmtj lmetrmk
kcej \> (VL aueltcme0 A:/ Bnrdwnrj/ Guktcwcrj/
Guktcwcrj/ ‛lcrluct sjkjltmr
prjsjet Sjs mr Em‗).
Ca ymu sjkjlt n hrcibtejss stjp ce kmlnk (pmsctcme \> tbrmuib \2) ned
tbjrj cs em ME-rjqujst vcn tbj kcej \>, tbcs gjssnij wckk hj
dcspknyjd.
C55 Tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjd MAA amr mvjrlurrjet
C;; Tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjd MAA hjlnusj tbj mutput lurrjet wns hjkmw
n gcecgug kjvjk (mpje lcrluct, tbyrcstmrs emt mpjrntcmenk, gnce
lmetnltmr emt lkmsjd, kmmsj wcrj, mutput lurrjet gjnsurjgjet cs
anckcei, …
Nsy Tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjd MAA amr nsyggjtrcl mutputmutput lurrjet
V55 Tbj rjiukntmr swctlbjd MAA amr mvjrkmnd.
Tbj rjiukntmr cs sjt tm swctlb MAA ce lnsj ma mutput mvjrkmnd wctb
tbj VL aueltcme0 A:/ Nknrg kjvjks mutput lurrjet/ ‛swctlb maa kjvjk ca
mvjrkmnd Sjs mr Em.
Tbjsj anckurjs wckk dcsnppjnr natjr bnvcei pusbjd me tbj Xjsjt huttme (Xjp
( Xjp <
me Aci. >->:) me tbj armet pnejk.
96
Tnhkj 4-: Tnhkj 4-:0 Kjd–s ceamrgntcme.
\jvjrnk kjd–s nrj nvncknhkj me tbj armet pnejk ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj ned
ceamrg ymu nhmut tbj stntus ma tbj GLX.
Ns n ijejrnk rukj, n hkceocei kjd cedclntjs
kjd cedclntjs tbnt tbj lmescdjrjd aueltcme cs
emt nvncknhkj ned n pjrgnejet kcibtjd kjd
nvncknhkj ned n pjrgnejet kjd cedclntjs n anckurj
anckurj..
Tbmsj kjd–s nrj cestnkkjd me tbj armet pnejk ma tbj hnscl gclrmlmetrmkkjr hmnrd
(VLH><14). \mgj ma tbjg lne meky kcibt up ca tbj lmrrjspmedcei mptcme cs
cestnkkjd.
Me tbj armet pnejk
Kjd Kcibts up Hkceos

ME wbje tbj rjiukntmr cs pmwjrjd
C ANZKT amr anckurjs tbnt lnusj tbj amr uestnhkj mr djvcntcei mutput
GLX tm swctlb MAA (mpje lurrjet, ceput vmktnij mr cetjrenk
lcrluct, mvjr lurrjet, …) rjajrjelj scienks mut ma rneij.
Jnrtb ca mej ma tbj prjsjt nknrg • durcei stnrt-up ma tbj
ANZKT kjvjk cs jxljjdjd

aueltcme0 (VL
A1/ Nknrg/ ‛csmkntcme gmdukj,
tbj gmdukjswctlbce
swctlbcei
i me mr
ned wbckj tbjmaa
kjvjk > mr 8‗) gmdukj cs dcsnhkjd.
• nt n duty lylkj ma 86% amr n
tcgj acxjd hy tbj pnrngjtjr0
A1/ \jtup/ ‛\tnrt up djkny‗.
• nt n duty lylkj ma :6% durcei
lnkchrntcme (mbg-tjst) mr me
JAD gmdukj anckurj.
Kngp ca mej ma n prjsjt nknrg kjvjk durcei lnkchrntcme ma tbj gmdukj
ANZKT cs jxljjdjd (VL aueltcme0 A9/ mr ca tbj gmdukj djtjlts
nknrgs/ djvcntcei cetjrenk rjajrjeljs.
KMLNK tm cedclntj tbnt tbj rjgmtj
lmetrmk cs emt pmsschkj amr tbj
nltunk pmsctcme ma tbj
hrcibtejss stjp sjkjltmr.
Me tbj hnscl gclrmlmetrmkkjr hmnrd VLH><14
Kjd Cedclntjs
D\> TRD, gjssnijs
gjssnijs tm tbj VL ca tbj sjrcnk kceo cs nltcvj.
D\8 XRD, gjssnijs armg tbj VL ca tbj sjrcnk kceo cs nltcvj.
D\< hkceos nt n rntj ma
ma melj pjr sjlmed ca tbj prmirng rues.
rues.
D\4 :Q-pmwjr suppky prjsjet.
Lmetceujd me ejxt pnij

9>
Tnhkj 4-: Tnhkj 4-:0 Kjd–s ceamrgntcme (lmetceujd)
ME tbj pciiy-hnlo hmnrd VLH><1> (mptcme KAD)
Kjd Cedclntjs
D\> :Q-pmwjr suppky prjsjet.
Me tbj VLH><2> (JAD gmdukj ce tbj bcib vmktnij lmgpnrtgjet)
Kjd Cedclntjs
D\> KMY \LNKJ, kcibts up ca tbj nltunk kjnonij lurrjet cs hjkmw
86ºNdl.
D\8 :66 Q DL, kcibts
kcibts up caca tbj :66 Q DL cs tmm kmw ce
ce rjinrd tm tbj
rjajrjelj vmktnij.
D\< CE XNEIJ,
XNEIJ, jxtceiucsbjs ca tbj mutput lurrjet ma tbj gmdukj ijts
kcgctjd.
D\: MBG-TJ\T kcibts up ca tbj rjkny amr tbj mbg-tjst cs nltcvntjd.
98
Tnhkj 4-1 Tnhkj 4-10 Mvjrvcjw ma tbj ausjs.
Ausjs Kmlnkcsntcme Xjajrjelj

Gnce ausjs (*) Ausjd swctlb aci. >-8 rjp <
Nuxckcnry ausjs (A> me tbj armet pnejk ma tbj pmwjr
Nuxckcnry Xjp > me Aci. >->8
ned A8) gmdukj ned >-><
Cetjrenk ausjs me tbj hmnrds0 sjj hjkmw.
Tbmsj ausjs bnvj n vcsunk cedclntcme ce lnsj ma mvjrkmnd0

• amr typj EJMPJD
EJMPJD (up tm :6N)0 tbj ljetjr pmcet mama tbj ausj
• amr typj EB66
EB66 (up tm >8: N)0 tbj sprcei lkcp me tmp ma
ma tbj ausj.
Me tbj hmnrds0
VLH Ausj Typj Vrmtjlts

><14 A> 8:6 gN * cetjrenk
cetjrenk rjg. lmetrmk vmktnij amr guktcwcrj 42 Q DL
A8 >N* pmwjr suppky ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj
A< >N* pmwjr suppky ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj
A4 8:6 gN * pmwjr suppky ma tbj jnrtb anukt djtjltcme
><19 A> ** mvjrkmndcei
mvjrkmndcei ma tbj wbmkj lmppjr trnlj
X>9 kcgcts tbj gnxcgug lurrjet amr tjrgcenk LLC tm
6.> N (auscei rjscstmr typclnk vnkuj << Mbg)
><99 A> >N* tbj gnce suppky tm tbj lmck ma tbj lmetnltmr O
>44> A> >N* tbj gnce suppky tm tbj lmck ma tbj lmetnltmr O
A8 <>: gN
* \kmw (bcib hrjnocei lnpnlcty) - dcn :gg, kjeitb 86gg.

** Tbj hkmwe lmppjr
lmppjr trnlj lne hj rjpncrjd wctb
wctb mej ma amkkmwcei auscei
jkjgjets0 - KNL TX: 6.:N “ skmw (EL0 1><6.>2.>96)
- Vclmausj PV\ :66gN
9<
: \jltcme :
Vnrts kcst
Cetrmdultcme Tbcs sjltcme lmvjrs tbj gnce rjpknljnhkj pnrts amr tbj GLX rjiukntmrs.
Lnutcme Xjpknljgjet ma jkjltrmecl lmgpmejets gny hj dmej, meky wctb mrcicenk spnrj
Xjpknljgjet
pnrts djkcvjrjd hy NDH. Emt dmcei sm lne rjsukt ce sjvjrj dngnij tm tbj uect
ned hj bnznrdmus amr tbj usjr mr tbj mpjrntmr.
Xjajrjelj N rjajrjelj
rjajrjelj lmdj eughj
eughjrr cs nssciejd
nssciejd tm jnlb
jnlb pnrt lmetnce
lmetncejd
jd ce tbj jqucpgj
jqucpgjet.
et.
djscientcme Ybje mrdjrcei, nkwnys gjetcme tbj rjajrjelj lmdj eughjr ma tbj mrdjrjd pnrt
hut nksm tbj sjrcnk eughjr, typj, pmwjr rntcei, ceput vmktnij, arjqujely, E¶ ma
hrcibtejss stjps, mutput lurrjet, wbclb nrj cedclntjd me tbj engjpkntj ma tbj
rjiukntmr.
Xjlmggjedjd • Lmgpkjtj uects0 rjajr tm tnhkjs :-> tm :-90 mrdjrcei

mrdjrcei lmdjs.
spnrj pnrts Me gn`mr ncrpmrts mr wbje ne cgpmrtnet qunetcty ma rjiukntmrs nrj cestnkkjd,
ct cs rjlmggjedjd tm bnvj mej mr gmrj rjiukntmrs ce stnedhy cescdj tbj
suhstntcme, tm nkkmw quclo rjpknljgjet ma n djajltcvj uect. Tbcs prmljdurj
cs rjlmggjedjd wbje ct cs djscrnhkj tm rjdulj tbj dmwetcgj duj tm
gncetjenelj, trmuhkjsbmmtcei ned rjpncr prmljdurjs.
• Mtbjr pnrts0 Mtbjr pnrts sbmukd

sbmukd h
hj
j ojpt ce
ce stmlo tm lmpj wctb
wctb rjpncr0
rjpncr0 ausjs,
kcibtecei nrrjstmrs, VLH–s, tjrgcenks & lmeejltmrs, ausjd ceput swctlb,
lcrluct hrjnojr, pmwjr gmdukj ned mtbjrs.
Mrdjrs Nkk spnrj

spnrj pnrts mrdjrs
mrdjrs sbnkk
sbnkk hj nddrjs
nddrjssjd
sjd tm NDH mr
mr mur kmlnk
kmlnk rjprjsjetn
rjprjsjetntcvj
tcvj..
e.v. NDH s.n.
:2:, KJZQJE\J\TJJEYJI
KJZQJE\J\TJJEYJI
H - >3<6 PNQJETJG, HJKICZG
Tjk. <8/8/988.>9.>>
Anx 0 <8/8/988.>9.14
<8/8/988.>9.14
94
Vnrts kcst, Lmetceujd
Tnhkj :-> Tnhkj :->0 Vmwjr gmdukjs ned lmgpmejets.

Tbj rntjd pmwjr ned ceput vmktnij djtjrgcej tbj pmwjr gmdukj tm hj usjd (tnhkj
8.>).
Lmgpkjtj Vmwjr gmdukjs Mrdjrqunetcty

(pjr)
Xja. . NDH pnrt Djslrcptcme
eughjr
\V>492.16.8<> Lmgpkjtj pmwjr gmdukj O\X4<N >
(wctb XQ-DQ) (>)
\V>492.16.84> Lmgpkjtj pmwjr gmdukj O\X>>6N >
(wctb XQ-DQ) (>)
Tbyrcstmr pnlo amr O\X4<N -
Tbyrcstmr pnlo amr O\X>>6N -
VLH>44> wctb XQ-DQ -
Lmetnltmr amr O\X4< 4p. 8<6Q. -
X/L amr lmetnltmr ma O\X4< ><6/846Q -
Lmetnltmr amr O\X>>6 4p. 8<6Q -
X/L amr lmetnltmr ma O\X>>6 ><6/846Q -
Nuxckcnry suppky
suppky trnesamrgjr -
Ceput lurrjet trnesamrgjr -
amr O\X4<N “ :6/6.6:N
1<68.--6<.>>6 Ceput lurrjet trnesamrgjr -
amr O\X>>6N “ 8:6/6.8:N
Xjgnro > Tbj VLH >44> (EL( EL >:3<.>>.966) rjpknljs tbj VLH ><99 (EL >:36.6<.8:6)
ce tbj GLX vjrscmes wbjrj tbj knst dcict ma tbj lmdj eughjr cs ‛>‗ mr nhmvj.
Neywny,, ce mkdjr vjrscmes
Neywny vjrscmes (wctb knst dcict 7 6), tbj VLH >44> lne n nksm
ksm hj
usjd ns spnrj pnrts. Tbj tjrgcenks < ned 4 ma tbj t bj lmuetjr-lmeejltmr R:,
wbclb cs djkcvjrjd wctb tbj VLH, bnvj tm hj sbmrtjejd.
Xjgnro 8 Tm rjpknlj tbj mkd lmetnltmr me tbj O\X>>6 (EL 1>42.4:.:<6) hy tbj ejw
mej (EL 1>42.4:.166) tbj lurrjet trnesamrgjr me tbj O\X>>6 bns tm hj
rjpmsctcmejd!
9:
Tnhkj :-8 Tnhkj :-80 Lmetrmk gmdukjs ned lmgpmejets.

Xjajrjelj me drnwcei <883.>6.4180 VLH><14
VLH><14 ºL ned Aci >->:
Lmgpkjtj Lmetrmk gmdukjs

gmdukjs Mrdjrqunetcty
(pjr)
eughjr
\V>492.>6.:46 Guktcwcrj em rjgmtj lmetrmk, em KAD, >
armet pkntj wctb pcltmirngs
\V>492.>6.:16 Guktcwcrj 42Q DL rjgmtj lmetrmk, em >
KAD, armet pkntj wctb pcltmirngs
\V>492.>6.:96 Guktcwcrj 84Q DL rjgmtj lmetrmk, em >
\V>492.>6.:36 Guktcwcrj 42Q DL rjgmtj lmetrmk, wctb >
\V>492.>6.166 Guktcwcrj 84Q DL rjgmtj lmetrmk, wctb >
Acxcei slrjws amr armet pnejk ma lmetrmk
gmdukj
Tmmtb kmlo wnsbjr ma acxcei slrjws amr
armet pnejk ma lmetrmk gmdukj
91
Lmetrmk gmdukj lmgpmejets

lmgpmejets Mrdjrqunetcty
(pjr)
eughjr
\V>:3<.>6.968 VLH><19.6-42Q.DL guktcwcrj rjgmtj >
lmetrmk pciiy hnlo (pkuiijd me
VLH><14)
\V>:3<.>6.9>8 VLH><19.>-84Q.DL guktcwcrj rjgmtj >
lmetrmk pciiy hnlo (pkuiijd me
VLH><14)
\V1><6.81.><4 ausj :x86 >N skmw, 8 pjr VLH><14 >6
(A8/A<)
\V1><6.>8.>46 ausj :x86 6.8:N skmw, 8 pjr VLH><14 >6
(A>/A4)
A>, A8 \V1><6.89.666 Nuxckcnry ausjs 1.<x<8 >.8:N (sjrcnk >6
eughjr :9>33)
A>, A8 \V1><6.89.66: Nuxckcnry ausjs 1.<x<8 >.1N >6
(sjrcnk eughjr :9>33 mr kntjr)
A>, A8 \V1><6.33.>96 Ausj lnp amr nuxckcnry ausjs >6
A>, A8 \V1><6.33.>16 Ausj bmkdjr amr nuxckcnry ausjs >6
A> \V1><6.81.><4 Ausj :x86 >N skmw me VLH>44> >6
A8 \V1><6.>:.><: Ausj :x86 <>: gN VLH>44> >6
gjtnk lnp amr DH<9guktcwcrj rjgmtj -
lmetrmk gnkj lmeejltmr
: gjtnk lnp amr DH3 gnkj lmeejltmr R> -
9 gjtnk lnp amr DH8: gnkj lmeejltmr R8 -
acxcei slrjws amr gjtnk lnps amr DHx -
lmee.
: gjtnk lnp amr DH3 gnkj lmeejltmr R> -
9 gjtnk lnp amr DH8: gnkj lmeejltmr R8 -
1 gjtnk lnp amr DH3 guktcpkjx rjgmtj -
lmetrmk ajgnkj lmeejltmr
- acxcei slrjws amr gjtnk lnps amr DHx -
lmee.
Xjnr lmeejltcme
lmeejltcme Mrdjrqunetcty
(pjr)
eughjr
\V>:3<.>8.<66 VLH>442 - cetjranlj gmdukj amr >
guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk
\V>492.86.6>6 Cetjranlj hmnrd wctb aknt lnhkj amr >
lmeejltcme tm VLH>4<8
(usjd amr cetjrlmeejltcme ma VLH>4<8
wctb HZ\ lmggueclntcme lnhkj GLX “
L\G nt tbj rjnr scdj ma tbj GLX)
(meky ca GLX mpjrntjs wctb L\G)
Xjgnro Tbj VLH>442 (EL >:3<.>8.<66) rjpknljs VLH><3< (EL >:3<.>6.:66).

Tbj tjrgcenks nrj jxtjedjd amr tbj
t bj usj wctb tbj lcrluct sjkjltmr L\G ned ttbj
bj
bmur lmuetjrs.
99
Vrjanhrclntjd lnhkjs
lnhkjs Mrdjrqunetcty
(pjr)
eughjr
>>4:.6>.>>6 < g. X\8<8 lnhkj wctb 8 DH3 ajgnkj >
lmeejltmrs amr lmeejltcme tm n VL
92
Tnhkj :-< Tnhkj :-<0 Vmwjr lmgpmejets.
Vmwjr gmdukj lmgpmejets

(pjr)

eughjr
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V1><8.66.8>6 :\I9 ausjd swctlb “ ausj cetjrruptjr >
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V1><6.:4.416 ceput ausj amr :\I9 “ 86N - Ejmzjd, 8 >6
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V1><6.:9.<16 ceput ausj amr :\I9 “ 8:N “ Ejmzjd, 8 >6
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.1>.<1< ceput ausj amr :\I9 “ <:N - Ejmzjd, 8 >6
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.1<.<1< ceput ausj amr :\I9 “ :6N - Ejmzjd, 8 >6
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.11.896 ceput ausj amr :\I9 “ 1< - Ejmzjd, 8 >6
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><8.66.886 EB66 ausjd swctlb “ ausj cetjrruptjr >
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.11.826 ceput ausj amr EB66 “ 1<N -EB66, 8 pjr <
ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.12.<<6 ceput ausj amr EB66 “ 26N - EB66, 8 3
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.9>.826 ceput ausj amr EB66 “ >66N - EB66, 8 3
pjr ausjd swctlb
AZ\JD \YCTLB \V 1><6.9:.<<6 ceput ausj amr EB66 “ >8:N - EB66, 8 <
pjr ausjd swctlb
KN>-KN8 \V 1<>4.<8.9:6 Kcibtecei nrrjstjr amr 8.:oQN->6 oQN- >6
1.1N - \cjgjes H<8O9:6
KN>-KN8 \V 1><4.6<.<88 Kcibtecei nrrjstjr amr >8.: ned >: oQN- >6
1.1N. ^ty 8x> - I.J. <oQ-RJV
KN>-KN8 \V 1><4.6<.188 Kcibtecei nrrjstjr amr 86 tm <6 oQN- >6
1.1N. ^ty 8x> - I.J. 1oQ-RJV
T.C.> + \V>492.16.>26 Mutput lurrjet gjnsurjgjet >
VLH><21, trnesamrgjr amr 1.1N. :6/6.6:N
:6/6.6:N +
cedjpjedjet ma VLH><21 lmeejltcme VLH amr mutput
tbj typj ma GLX lurrjet gjnsurjgjet trnesamrgjr T.C.>
Xjgnro Amr tbj sjkjltcme ma tbj ausjs rjajr tm tnhkj 8.>

93
Tnhkj :-4 Tnhkj :-40 \pnrj pnrts amr JAD mptcme (sjj Aci >-: ned >-2).
JAD mptcme lmgpmejets

(pjr)

eughjr
VLH><24 VLH><24 JAD bcib vmktnij prcet -
VLH><2> VLH><2> JAD kmicl prcet -
\V>492.16.:66 JAD lmgpkjtj nssjghkjd gmdukj >
celkudcei VLH><24 ned VLH><2>
Tnhkj :-: Tnhkj :-:0 \pnrj pnrts amr KAD mptcme (sjj Aci >-: ned >-2).
KAD mptcme lmgpmejets

(pjr)
eughjr
\V>:36.6<.>3> VLH><1>
VLH><14)KAD pciiy hnlo (pkuiijd me >
T.C.8 + VLH><93 \V>492.16.886 Mutput lurrjet gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr 1.1/1.1N 8<oQ + VLH >499
(lmeejltcme hmnrd amr T.C.8 ) + anstjecei
bnrdwnrj oct
T.C.8 + VLH><93 \V>492.16.8<6 Mutput lurrjet gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr 86/1.1N 8<oQ + VLH >499
(lmeejltcme hmnrd amr T.C.8 ) + anstjecei
bnrdwnrj oct
T.V.> \V>492.16.<66 Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr amr 8.: oQN 1.1N - <26/42Q
& & acktjrcei lnpnlctmrs
amr mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet
trnesamrgjr T.V.>
T.V.> \V>492.16.<>6 Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr amr 4 tm >6 oQN 1.1N -
>:>:/42Q & VLH><21 amr mutput vmktnij
gjnsurjgjet trnesamrgjr T.V.>
T.V.> \V>492.16.<86 Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr amr >8.: tm 86 oQN 1.1N -
<6<6/42Q & VLH><21 amr mutput vmktnij
T.V.> \V>492.16.<<6 Mutput vmktnij gjnsurjgjet >
trnesamrgjr amr
8: tm <6 oQN 1.1N - 4:66/42Q & acktjrcei
lnpnlctmr amr mutput vmktnij
26
Tnhkj :-1 Tnhkj :-10 JVXMG

JVXMG\
\ wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj.
JVXMG\ wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj. Mrdjrqunetcty

(pjr)

eughjr
\V>492.96.>68 JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.68
\V>492.96.>6: JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.6:
\V>492.96.>62 JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.62
\V>492.96.>>6 JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.>6
\V>492.96.>>> JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.>>
\V>492.96.>>8 JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.>8
\V>492.96.>8> JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.8>
\V>492.96.>8< JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme >.8<
\V>492.96.866 JVXMG wctb hnscl GLX smatwnrj >
vjrscme 8.66
Vrmljdurj Tbjsj JVXMGs bnvj tm hj rjpknljd amkkmwcei tbj prmljdurj djslrchjd ce

sjltcme0 ‛Cestnkkntcme‗.
Tnhkj :-9 Tnhkj :-90 Akmppy dcsl wctb VL smatwnrj.

(lmgpntchkj vjrscme ma hnscl GLX smatwnrj0 sjj tnhkj >.8)
Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ wctb VL smatwnrj Mrdjrqunetcty

(pjr)
eughjr
\V>492.26.>64 Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ smatwnrj vjrscme >.64 >
\V>492.26.>>> Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ smatwnrj vjrscme >.>> >
\V>492.26.>>8 Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ smatwnrj vjrscme >.>8 >
\V>492.26.>8> Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ smatwnrj vjrscme >.8> >
\V>492.26.866 Akmppy dcsl <.:‗ smatwnrj vjrscme 8.66 >
2>
1 \jltcme 1
Drnwceis
Cetrmdultcme Ce tbj tnhkj hjkmw, ymu wckk aced tbj kcst ma drnwceis0
Tmpcl \jj Vnij

VLH ><1>0 KAD pciiy hnlo 2<
VLH ><140 hnscl prcet 24
VLH ><190 Guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy hnlo 2:
VLH ><2>0 JAD kmicl prcet 21
VLH >44>0 trciijr lmetrmk prcet 29
Jkjltrclnk slbjgjs (<883.>6.418) 22
28
VLH ><1>0 KAD pciiy hnlo

2<
VLH ><140 hnscl prcet

24
VLH ><190 guktcwcrj rjgmtj lmetrmk pciiy hnlo
Aknt lnhkj
lmeejltmr
2:
VLH ><2>0 JAD kmicl prcet

21
VLH >44>0 trciijr lmetrmk prcet

29
Jkjltrclnk slbjgjs (<883.>6.418)

22

23

36

3>
9 \jltcme 9
VL lmetrmk ned gmectmrcei
Vrjkcgcenry
Vrjkcgc enry Tbj rjiukntmr dmjs emt rjqucrj tbj usj ma n VL tm mpjrntj.
mpjrntj.
Zsj Tbj VL wctb tbj djdclntjd NDH smatwnrj cs rjqucrjd tm gmdcay pnrngjtjrs,
ce pnrtcluknr amr tbj ndùstgjet ma tbj kngp anukt
a nukt djtjltcme gmdukj ned amr tbj
lcrluct sjkjltmr L\G (sjj lntnkmiuj kjnakjt N.61.4>8j).
Ct lne nksm hj usjd tm lmetrmk tbj rjiukntmr.
Lnutcme! Tbj VL lne lmetrmk tbj

t bj rjiukntmr mr lbneij pnrngjtjrs meky ca tbj armet
pnejk drug sjkjltmr ma tbj rjiukntmr cs ce MAA pmsctcme (rja. 4 me Aci >-
>:).
Ybje tbj rjiukntmr cs ce tbj XJG mr KMLNK pmsctcme, tbj smatwnrj lne
dcspkny pnrngjtjrs ned stntus hut ct cs cgpmsschkj tm gmdcay tbjg.
Bnrdwnrj Tbj prmirng rjqucrjs nt kjnst n <21 VL wctb nt kjnst 4 Gh ma XNG tm hj nhkj
tm rue. Nt kjnst > LMG pmrt cs ejljssnry amr lmggueclntcme wctb tbj GL
GLX.
X.
Em gmusj cs rjqucrjd.
DM\ Tbj VL smatwnrj cs wrcttje ce VXMTJLTJD (mr <21) gmdj c.j. ct usjs
prmtjltjd gjgmry nhmvj tbj stnednrd > Ghytjs DM\ kcgct.
gmdj Tbjrjamrj tbj DM\ jxtjedjr prmirng DM\4IY.JRJ gust jctbjr hj prjsjet
ce tbj sngj dcrjltmry mr ct gust hj amued
a mued ce mej ma tbj dcrjltmrcjs spjlcacjd ce
tbj pntb.
\matwnrj Tbcs djslrcptcme cs meky vnkcd amr tbj GLX VL smatwnrj

sma twnrj vjrscme 8.66
vjrscme Ca tbj djkcvjrjd smatwnrj vjrscme dcaajrs armg tbj nhmvj vjrscmes, rjajr tm tbj
gneunk djkcvjrjd wctb tbnt smatwnrj.
38
9.> Cestnkkntcme ma tbj VL ned tbj smatwnrj
9.>.> Mvjrvcjw
Ce tbcs lbnptjr ymu wckk aced nkk tbj

t bj ceamrgntcme nhmut tbj lmeejltcme ma tbj VL
Cetrmdultcme tm tbj rjiukntmr ned nhmut tbj cestnkkntcme ma tbj smatwnrj me tbj VL.
9.>.8 Bmw tm lmeejlt tbj VL tm tbj rjiukntmr
Lmeejltcme Mej scdj ma tbj

t bj lmggueclntcme lnhkj GLX “ VL cs lmeejltjd wctb tbj DH 3-
gnkj lmeejltmr me tbj armet pkntj ma tbj Lmetrmk Gmdukj ned tbj mtbjr scdj
wctb tbj LMG> mr LMG8 sjrcnk pmrt ma tbj VL.
DH3 lmeejltmr
Lmgguecln- Tbj lmggueclntcme lnhkj ejjds 4 wcrjs ned n sjpnrntj irmued, wbclb lne
tcme lnhkj hj tbj lnhkj-slrjje.
Ns wctb nkk X\8<8
X\8<8 lmeejltcme,
lmeejltcme, tbj gnxcgug kjeitb cs kcgctjd tm >: gj
gjtjrs.
tjrs.
Tbj lnhkj knymut cs kcstjd ce tbj amkkmwcei tnhkj.
GLX0 DH3 lmeejltmr VL0 DH3 lmeejltmr mr VL0 DH8: lmeejltmr

Aueltcme ma pce0 Aueltcme ma pce0 Aueltcme ma pce0
< (TRD) 8 (XRD) mr < (XRD)
8 (XRD) < (TRD) mr 8 (TRD)
9 (XT\) 2 (LT\) mr : (LT\)

2 (LT\) 9 (XT\) mr 4 (XT\)
: (IED) : (IED) mr 9 (IED)
Tbcs lnhkj gny hj mrdjrjd nt NDH (sjj spnrj pnrt kcst).

3<
9.>.< Bmw tm cestnkk ned sjt-up tbj smatwnrj
\matwnrj Lmpy tbj ackjs armg tbj akmppy tm tbj bnrd dcso.
cestnkkntcme Tbj prmirng lne hj cestnkkjd neywbjrj me tbj bnrd dcso ned cs cedjpjedjet
ma n pnrtcluknr dcrjltmry strulturj? ejvjrtbjkjss, ct cs n immd prnltclj tm lrjntj
n ejw suhdcrjltmry amr tbcs pnrtcluknr nppkclntcme.
Hjamrj rueecei tbj prmirng, lbjlo tbnt tbj usjd sjrcnk pmrt, wbclb cs usjd me
Lmgguecln-
tbj VL, lmrrjspmeds wctb tbj sjrcnk pmrt sjt ce tbj LMEACI.DNT ackj.
tcme pmrt
Tbj LMEACI.DNT ackj cs ne N\LCC tjxt
t jxt ackj, wbclb lne hj rjnd ned gmdcacjd wctb
ney scgpkj tjxt jdctmr (j.i. JDCT djkcvjrjd wctb DM\). Lnrj gust hj tnoje tm
usj ne jdctmr wbm ndds em bjndjr tm tm tbj ackj
a ckj hjlnusj tbcs bjndjr gnojs ct
ckkjichkj tm tbj gnce prmirng (em Ymrd, em YmrdVjrajlt...).
Tbj prcelcpnk pnrngjtjr ce LMEACI.DNT cs "glr]lmg]eug"

"glr]lmg]eug" wbclb
wbclb gust hj
sjt tm > mr 8 djpjedcei me tbj lmeejltcme ma tbj GLX tm tbj sjrcnk pmrt LMG>
mr LMG8 ma tbj VL.
Dm emt lbneij tbj mtbjr pnrngjtjrs, uekjss tbjrj cs n sjrcmus lmggueclntcme

prmhkjg wctb tbj VL.
Vrmljdurj tm amkkmw 0
- Zekmlo tbj ackj LMEACI.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch -r lmeaci.dnt
- Jdct tbj ackj LMEACI.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned jdct lmeaci.dnt
- Ce tbj pnrnirnpb ‛Lmggueclntcmes
‛Lmggueclntcmes Vmrt‗, lbjlo tbj pnrngjtjr
"glr]lmg]eug".
Lbneij tbj eughjr ca ct dmjse't lmrrjspmed wctb tbj sjrcnk pmrt ma tbj VL.
VL.
- Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ ned ‛A‗ me me tbj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
N gjeu nppjnrs ce tbj kjat
kjat lmrejr ma tbj slrjje.
Tbj jdctcme ma tbj LMEACI.DNT ackj wckk hj kjat natjr
nat jr bnvcei prjssjd me tbj
ojy "R" me tbj ojyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppjnr. Tbj
ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm hj prjssjd tm lmeacrg tbj lbneij.
lbneij.
- Kmlo tbj ackj hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch +r lmeaci.dnt
34
9.>.< Bmw tm cestnkk ned sjt-up tbj smatwnrj, lmetceujd
Tbj mtbjr cgpmrtnet pnrngjtjr cs ‛KNEI‗

cs ‛KNEI‗.. Ct sjkjlts tbj kneiunij ymu wnet
wnet
Kneiunij ackj
tm usj.
Amr tbj gmgjet < trneskntcmes

• KNEI]EK.DNT 7 Dutlb jxcst0
• KNEI]A.DNT 7 Arjelb
• KNEI]D.DNT 7 Ijrgne
Hy djanukt nkk tbj tjxt strceis ce tbj prmirng nrj ce Jeikcsb ned jghjddjd ce
tbj lmdj. Amr ney mtbjr kneiunij, tbj pnrngjtjr KNEI 7 "xxx" gust hj
nddjd ce LMEACI.DNT. Nt tbj sngj tcgj n kneiunij ackj wctb tbj engj
KNEI]RRR.DNT gust jxcst ce tbj t bj sngj dcrjltmry (sjj hjkmw).
Dm emt lbneij tbj mtbjr pnrngjtjrs, uekjss tbjrj cs n sjrcmus

lmggueclntcme prmhkjg wctb tbj VL.
Amkkmwcei prmljdurj bns tm hj amkkmwjd0

- Ce tbj pnrnirnpb ‛Kneiunij‗, lbmmsj tbj kneiunij hy supprjsscei tbj
‛? ‛ hjamrj
‛ hjamrj tbj lbmsje kneiunij.
kneiunij.
- Ndd n ‛ ? ‗ ‗ hjamrj tbj kcej KNEI 7 ‛XJA‗
- Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ ned ned ‛A‗ me tbj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
N gjeu nppjnrs ce tbj kjatkjat lmrejr ma tbj slrjje.
nat jr bnvcei prjssjd me
tbj ojy "R" me tbj ojyhmnrd.
o jyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppjnr.
Tbj ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm hj prjssjd tm lmeacrg tbj t bj lbneij.
lbneij.
lmeaci.dnt
3:
Amr mtbjr kneiunijs ymu lne lrjntj ymur mwe ackj hy trneskntcei nkk tbj
Lrjntcme ma
strceis. Tbjrjamrj n rjajrjelj kneiunij ackj KNEI]XJA.DNT bmkds nkk tbj
kneiunij ackj
strceis
hj tnojece emt
Jeikcsb ned smgj
tm jxljjd usjauk lmggjets
tbj gnxcgug kjeitb maamr tbjstrcei
jnlb trneskntmr.
ns cs Lnrj gust ce
gjetcmejd
tbj kneiunij ackj. Tbj kneiunij ackjs gust bnvj tbj r -nttrchutj
-nttrchutj sjt tmm (sjj
nhmvj).


Amkkmwcei
- Zekmlo tbj ackj KNEI]XJA.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch -r
knei]rja.dnt
- Jdct tbj ackj KNEI]XJA.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned jdct knei]rja.dnt
- Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ nedned ‛A‗ me
me tbj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL
Yctb tbj ojy ↜ (dmwe), lbmmsj tbj kcej ‛\NQJ N\….‗
Vrjss tbj ojy ↺ JETJX0 n suhgjeu nppjnrs. Ce tbj bcibkcibtjd pnrt (ce
hknlo), typj tbj engj ma ymur kneiunij ns amkkmws0
KNEI]RRR..DNT wbjrj RRR nrj tbj tbrjj
KNEI]RRR tbrjj kjttjrs
kjttjrs tm cdjetcay ymur
kneiunij.
Vrjss tbj ↺ JETJX ned ymu snvj tbj ackj uedjr tbj engj ma ymur
kneiunij. Tbje prmljjd tm ymur trneskntcme.
trneskntcme.
- Ybje tbj trneskntcme cs nlbcjvjd, snvj ct.
Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ ned ‛A‗ me tbj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
Tbj jdctcme ma tbj KNEI]RRR.
KNEI]RRR.DNT ackj wckk hj kjat natjr bnvcei prjssjd
me tbj ojy "R" me tbj ojyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje
Y bje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppjn nppjnr.
r.
Tbj ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm prjss tm lmeacrg
lmea crg tbj lbneij.
- Kmlo tbj ackj hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch +r knei]xxx.dnt
Tm nltcvntj ymur trneskntcme, amkkmwcei prmljdurj bns tm hj amkkmwjd

a mkkmwjd00

- Ce tbj pnrnirnpb ‛Kneiunij‗, ndd tbj kcej KNEI 7 ‛RRR‗ natjr ‛RRR‗ natjr tbj
prmpmsjd kneiunijs
Ndd n ‛ ? ‗
‗ hjamrj tbj kcej KNEI 7 ‛XJA‗
‛XJA‗
- Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ ned ned ‛A‗ me
me tbj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
N gjeu nppjnrs ce tbj kjatkjat lmrejr ma tbj slrjje.
Tbj jdctcme ma tbj LMEACI.DNT ackj a ckj wckk hj kjat natjr bnvcei prjssjd me
o jyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje
Y bje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppjn nppjnr.
r.
Tbj ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm prjss tm lmeacrglmea crg tbj lbneij.
lmeaci.dnt
31
Amr n kneiunij RRR ymu lne gmdcay tbcs ackj amr lmrrjltcmes. Lnrj gust hj
Gmdcaclntcme
tnoje emt tm jxljjd tbj gnxcgug kjeitb ma jnlb strcei ns cs gjetcmejd ce
ma kneiunij
tbj kneiunij ackj. Tbj kneiunij ackjs gust bnvj tbj r -nttrchutj
-nttrchutj sjt tmm (sjj
ackj RRR
nhmvj).

- Zekmlo tbj ackj KNEI]RRR.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch -r

knei]RRR.dnt
- Jdct tbj ackj KNEI]RRR.DNT hy tbj DM\ lmggned jdct knei]RRR.dnt
- Gnoj ymur gmdcaclntcmes. Ybje tbj gmdcaclntcmes nrj, snvj ct.
Vrjss hmtb tbj ojys ‛NKT‗ ned ‛A‗ me tbjt bj ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
Tbj jdctcme ma tbj KNEI]RRR.
KNEI]RRR.DNT ackj wckk hj kjat natjr bnvcei prjssjd
me tbj ojy "R" me tbj ojyhmnrd.
o jyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppjnr.
Tbj ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm prjss tm lmeacrg tbj lbneij.
- Kmlo tbj ackj hy tbj DM\ lmggned nttrch +r knei]xxx.dnt
Tm usj tbj prmirng ce tbj DJGM vjrscme, 8 pnrngjtjrs gust hj lbneijd0
Djgm-vjrscme
• dcnk]nkkmwjd
dcnk]nkkmwjd,, tm tjkk tbj systjg tbnt
t bnt em GLX cs lmeejltjd ned tbnt ct
sbmukd prmljjd wctbmut trycei tm jstnhkcsb n lmeejltcme
• wr]j8p]nkkmwjd
wr]j8p]nkkmwjd,, tm hkmlo tbj "\nvj tm JJVXMG" lmggned ns tbcs
JJVXMG cs kmlntjd ce tbj GLX ned tbjrj cs emej nttnlbjd.
Tm lbneij tbjsj pnrngjtjrs, prmljjd ns amkkmw0

- Ce tbj pnrnirnpb ‛ DJHZI‗, lbneij tbj twm pnrngjtjrs dcnk]nkkmwjd
dcnk]nkkmwjd
ned wr]j8p]nkkmwjd
wr]j8p]nkkmwjd hy
hy sjttcei tbjsj pnrngjtjrs tm 6.
- N
Vrjss
gjeuhmtb tbj ojys
nppjnrs ‛NKT‗
ce tbj kjat ned
kjat ned ‛A‗ma
lmrejr metbj
tbjslrjje.
ojyhmnrd ma tbj VL.
na tjr bnvcei prjssjd me
o jyhmnrd.
Emtj0 Ybje tbj pnrngjtjr bns hjje lbneijd, n suhgjeu wckk nppj nppjnr.
nr.
Tbj ojy ‛JETJX‗ bns tm prjss tm lmeacrg tbj lbneij.
lmeaci.dnt
Jxjlutcme Ackj Tbj jxjlutcme ackj engj cs GLX]VNX.JRJ

GLX]VNX.JRJ..
engj
39
9.8 Xueecei tbj prmirng
9.8.> Mvjrvcjw
Cetrmdultcme Nkk tbj sjttcei pnrngjtjrs ma tbj GLX nrj rjnd armg tbj GLX JJVXMG ma
tbj lmetrmk gmdukj ned stmrjd ce tbj dntnhnsj ma tbj VL. Ybjrj ejljssnry,
tbjy nrj dcspknyjd.
dcspknyjd.
Ce tbcs lbnptjr ymu wckk aced nkk tbj ceamrgntcme nhmut tbj rueecei ma tbj
prmirng ned cts jevcrmegjet.
GLX lmetrmk Tbj GLX lmetrmk gmdukj cs cdjetcacnhkj hy cts uecquj sjrcnk eughjr, wbclb cs
gmdukj hurejd ce tbj JJVXMG ned wbclb lneemt hj lbneijd me sctj.
cdjetcaclntcme
9.8.8 Lmeaciurntcme ned lmeaci.ackj
\jrcnk eughjr Tbj sjrcnk eughjr (\/E) ma ne GLX lmetrmk gmdukj cdjetcacjs tbcs gmdukj. Ct
cs n 1-dcict eughjr ce tbj amrgnt ‛yy-xxxx‗ wbjrj yy stneds amr tbj yjnr ma
prmdultcme ned xxxx cs n 4-dcict sjqujetcnk eughjr.
Lmeaci ackj Tbj Lmeaci-ackj cs n ackj tbnt stmrjs tbj sjttceis ma tbj GLX (jxljpt tbj \/E ma
tbj lmetrmk gmdukj ned smgj GLX djpjednet pnrngjtjrs).
Lmeaci-ackj Tbj Lmeaci-ackj engj cs yy-xxxx.LAI, wbjrj yy-xxxx cs tbj \/E eughjr ma
engj tbj lmetrmk gmdukj.
Tbjrj cs ne cedcvcdunk Lmeaci-ackj amr jnlb GLX lmetrmk gmdukj.
Mpjecei ma Ybje tbj VL cs lmeejltjd sulljssaukky tm ne GLX, ct rjnds tbj sjrcnk

tbj Lmeaci-ackj eughjr ma tbj GLX gmdukj ned mpjes natjr tbnt tbj Lmeaci-ackj.
Tbj VL lrjntjs n lmeaci-ackj ca ct dmjs emt jxcst.
\jj pnrnirnpb GLX Dntnhnsj bjrjnatjr.
Dntnhnsj bjrjnatjr.
32
9.8.< Kmiicei ned kmi ackj
Kmi ackj Tbj Kmi-ackj cs n ackj tbnt stmrjs tbj jvjets mllurrjd tm tbj GLX wbje
lmeejltjd tm n VL.
Kmi-ackj engj Tbj Kmi-ackj engj cs yy-xxxx.KMI, wbjrj yy-xxxx cs tbj \/E eughjr.
Tbjrj cs ne cedcvcdunk Kmi-ackj amr jnlb GLX lmetrmk gmdukj.
Mpjecei ma Ybje tbj VL cs lmeejltjd sulljssaukky tm ne GLX, ct rjnds tbj sjrcnk

tbj Kmi-ackj eughjr ma tbj GLX gmdukj ned mpjes natjr tbnt tbj Kmi-ackj.
Tbj VL lrjntjs n Kmi-ackj ca ct dmjs emt jxcst.
Ca ct jxcsts, tbj
t bj lmgpkjtj ackj cs rjnd, hut meky tbj :6 gmst rjljet jetrcjs nrj
stmrjd ce tbj VL gjgmry amr dcspkny purpmsjs.
Typj ma jetry Nkk kmi jetrcjs lmescst ma tbj dntj ned tcgj ma tbj jvjet amkkmwjd hy n
gjssnij strcei.
Ca n ejw jvjet mllurs, n ejw gjssnij cs nddjd tm tbj Kmi-ackj ned rjpknljs
tbj mkdjst gjssnij ce tbj VL gjgmry.
Dntn stmrjd • N gjssnij jnlbjnlb tcgj tbj VL lmeejlts

lmeejlts tm mr dcslmeejlts
dcslmeejlts armg ne GLX?
• N gjssnij jnlb jnlb tcgj n stjp lmggned wns wns cssujd tm tbj GLX armg tbj
VL mr armg tbj lmetrmk tmwjr?
• Ney jrrmr djtjltjd hy tbj GLX (huret kn kngps,
gps, csmkntcme jrrmr,
jrrmr, rjiukntcme
jrrmr, ...) ned wbclb ijejrntjs n gjssnij me tbj VL slrjje?
• Ney lmggueclntcme
lmgguecln tcme jrrmr hjtwjje VL ned GLX?
• Ney jrrmejmus pnsswmrd jetry hy tbj usjr?usjr?
• Jnlb lbneij ce pmsctcme
pmsctcme ma tbj kmlnk sjkjltmr
sjkjltmr swctlb me
me tbj GLX lmetrmk
gmdukj armet pnejk?
• N gjssnij jnlb tcgj tbj JAD mr KAD cs lnkchrntjd.

lnkchrntjd.
Tm prcet tbj Ca ymu jxct tbj prmirng, ymu lne prcet tbj kmi ackjs hy n scgpkj DM\ ‛lmpy‗
Kmi-ackj lmggned tm tbj prcetjr pmrt.
33
9.8.4 GLX Dntnhnsj
Dntnhnsj Tbj GLX bns n dmuhkj dntnhnsj0 mej ce JJVXMG ned tbj mtbjr ce XNG.
Natjr n pmwjr-dmwe,
pmwjr-dmwe, wbje stnrtcei up nince, nkk-cgpmrtnet pnrngjtjrs nrj
ajtlbjd armg n kmlnk JJVXMG ned lmpcjd tm XNG. Durcei emrgnk mpjrntcme
meky tbj lmpy ce XNG cs usjd.
Ybje lmeejltjd, tbj VL rjnds tbj pnrngjtjrs ce XNG ned dcspknys tbjg
me tbj slrjje. Ybje ymu gmdcay n pnrngjtjr, meky tbj lmpy ce tbj GLX
XNG ijts lbneijd.
Natjr lbneicei mej mr gmrj pnrngjtjrs, ymu bnvj
bnvj tbrjj nktjrentcv
nktjrentcvjs0
js0
• Tm ojjp tbj lbneijs ned sjkjlt
sjkjlt tbj "\nvj
"\nvj tm JJVXMG" gjeu?
Tbcs nutmgntclnkky supjrsjdjs n hcenry ackj me tbj VL dcso wctb tbj engj
"yy-xxxx.LEA",
"yy-xxxx.LEA", wbjrj yy-xxxx cs tbj sjrcnk eughjr ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj.
• Tm rj`jlt tbj lbneijs ned
ned sjkjlt
sjkjlt tbj "Xjstmrj
"Xjstmrj armg JJVXMG"
JJVXMG" gjeu.
gjeu. Tbcs
djstrmys nkk tbj XNG gmdcaclntcmes ned rjtures tm tbj knst JJVXMG
lmetjets?
• Tm rjnd n sjt-up armg dcso. Tbcs cs usjauk ca sjvjrnk GLXs bnvj
bnvj tm rjljcvj
tbj sngj sjt-up. Tbj mpjrntmr meky ejjds tm dm tbj sjt-up me tbj acrst
mej, tbje snvj tbj sjt-up tm JJVXMG nt tbj sngj tcgj lrjntcei n ackj me
dcso. Amr tbj ejxt GLXs, nkk bj bns tm dm cs tm sjkjlt tbj gjeu "Xjstmrj
armg ackj" ned tbje jetjr tbj sjrcnk eughjr ma tbj prjvcmus GLX. Tbj
sjttceis nrj tbje rjstmrjd armg ackj tm XNG (jxljpt tbj \/E ma lmursj ned
tbj lnkchrntcme pnrngjtjrs wbclb nrj GLX-djpjedjet), natjr tbcs, tbj
"\nvj tm JJVXMG" gjeu gust hj sjkjltjd tm hure tbj dntn cetm tbj
JJVXMG.
Jnlb tcgj dntn cs wrcttje tm tbj JJVXMG, tbj dntj ned tcgj amued me tbj
VL nrj lmpcjd wctb ct. Tbj ejxt tcgj tbj VL lmeejlts tm tbnt GLX, tbcs tcgj-
stngp cs rjnd hnlo ned put me tbj dcspkny? ymu oemw tbje cggjdcntjky wbje
tbj knst updntj mllurrjd.
>66
9.< Bmw dmjs tbj prmirng rue
\tnrt up Natjr n sulljssauk lmeejltcme, tbj gnlbcej jetjrs ne ceacectj kmmp durcei
wbclb 8 tnsos nrj pjramrgjd0
• n rjiuknr ned nutmgntcl
nutmgntcl dntn jxlbneij wctb tbj GLX (\TNTZ\)?
• n lbjlo
lbjlo me tbj ojyhmnrd
ojyhmnrd tm lnpturj mpjrntmr lmggneds.
lmggneds.
\trulturj ma
Tbj slrjje cs dcvcdjd ce ‛wcedmws‗ wctb n ‛gjeu‗ hnr nt tbj tmp.
tbj slrjje
Tm tbj kjat, tbj stntus wcedmw (>) cs nkwnys prjsjet ned sbmws0
• tbj mutput lurrjet (ns n tbjrgmgjtjr-kcoj vjrtclnk
vjrtclnk hnrirnpb ned ns n vnkuj)
vnkuj)
• tbj gnces vmktnij
• tbj lurrjetky nltcvj stjp
• tbj eughjr
eughjr ma huret
huret kngps (ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd)
cestnkkjd)
• tbj cesukntcme
cesukntcme rjscstnelj ma tbj sjrcjs lcrluct (ca JAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd)
Tbj rcibt wcedmw (tmp - 8) lne hj sjkjltjd hy tbj usjr vcn tbj gjeu hnr (<) me
tbj tmp ma tbj slrjje. 2 dcaajrjet dcnkmiuj slrjjes nrj prmvcdjd0 Bjkp, Kmi, VL
lmetrmk, LLX \jt-up, JAD, KAD, Vmwjr Gmectmr ned Jxct.
Me tbj hmttmg rcibt (4) tbj ‛prmgpt‗ wcedmw icvjs ceamrgntcme sulb ns0
• bmw tm im cetm nemtbjr wcedmw
• jrrmr gjssnijs mr lmggueclntcme
lmggueclnt cme jrrmr gjssnijs
Vclturj
Ce tbj aciurj hjkmw tbj vcjw ma tbj acrst slrjje cs sbmwe.
<
>
4
>6>
9.< Bmw dmjs tbj prmirng rue, Lmetceujd
Tbjrj cs n lmetceumus jxlbneij ma \TNTZ\

\T NTZ\ gjssnijs. Tbjsj gjssnijs
Em mpjrntcme
lmkkjlt tbj lmetceumusky updntjd pnrngjtjrs ce tbj
t bj \TNTZ\ wcedmw (>).
Nt tbj sngj tcgj, ney jrrmrs dcslmvjrjd hy tbj GLX (j.i. huret kngps,
rjiukntcme jrrmr,…) nrj trnesgcttjd tm tbj VL ned dcspknyjd ns ne jrrmr
gjssnij ce tbj rcibt hmttmg ma tbj wcedmw (4). Ne jetry cs lrjntjd ce tbj kmi
ackj.
Gmdcaclntcme Ca ymu wnet tm gmdcay n pnrngjtjr, ymu sbmukd sjkjlt tbj lmrrjlt wcedmw,
slrmkk cetm ct wctb tbj ZV/DMYE nrrmws uetck tbj lursmr cs me tmp ma tbj
pnrngjtjr ned tbje bct ;JETJX5 tm t m gmdcay tbj pnrngjtjr. Amr gjeus wbclb
nrj knrijr tbne tbj wcedmw, tbjrj cs ne nutmgntcl wcedmw slrmkkcei wbje tbj
lursmr rjnlbjs tbj acrst (rjspjltcvj knst) kcej.
Vnrngjtjrs nrj nkwnys mrinecsjd ce hkmlos wctb n bjndjr me tmp. Tm slrmkk
anstjr, usj tbj ViZp ned ViDw ojys0 tbjy pmsctcme tbj wcedmw me tbj
prjvcmus (rjspjltcvj ejxt) bjndjr.
Tbj lursmr pmsctcmes ctsjka meky me tbj kcejs tbnt bmkd n pnrngjtjr, ejvjr me n
bjndjr.
Vnrngjtjrs lne meky hj sjkjltjd ned gmdcacjd ce tbj tmp
t mp rcibt wcedmw.
Lmedctcmes tm Nlljss cs meky nkkmwjd

nkkmwjd ca tbj drug sjkjltmr me tbj G
GLX
LX lmetrmk gmdukj
gmdukj cs ce
gmdcay tbj MAA pmsctcme.
pnrngjtjrs
>68
Vnsswmrds Tbj purpmsj ma tbj pnsswmrds cs tm prmtjlt tbj GLXs nincest ney
nllcdjetnk jrrmejmus
nllcdjetnk jrrmejmus mpjrntcmes.
Djpjedcei me cts cgpmrtnelj, tbj pnrngjtjr cs prmtjltjd hy n Z\JX- mr hy
ne CE\TNKKNTCME-pnssw
C E\TNKKNTCME-pnsswmrd. mrd.
Hy djanukt tbj pnsswmrds nrj0
• usjr pnsswmrd0 "NDH usjr "
• cestnkkntcme pnsswmrd0 lmesukt NDH
NDH
Emtj tbj uppjr ned kmwjr lnsj lbnrnltjrs!
Tbjrj cs n bcjrnrlby hjtwjje pnsswmrds0 jetjrcei n lmrrjlt cestnkkntcme
pnsswmrd nksm mpjes tbj usjr-pnsswmrd,
usjr-pnsswmrd, hut tbj
t bj rjvjrsj cs emt truj.
tr uj.
Ct cs nkgmst cgpmsschkj tm prmvcdj ne nhsmkutj tngpjr-prmma hnrrcjr nincest
ney cetjedjd snhmtnij. Ejvjrtbjkjss, ct cs mur ncg tbnt ymu dm emt oemw tbj
cestnkkntcme pnsswmrd. Tbcs nvmcds tbj pmsschckcty tbnt ymu lmukd jrrmejmusky
rjlmeaciurj ljrtnce pnrngjtjrs wctb ne jvjetunk antnk rjsukt amr tbj kngps mr
tbj GLX.
Ct cs tbje tbj rjspmeschckcty ma tbj cestnkkntcme jeicejjr tm sjt-up tbj GLX–s,
tbje tm gmdcay tbj CE\TNKKNTCME-pnsswmrd ned tm emtj ct amr auturj
cetjrvjetcmes.
Ct cs pmsschkj tm lbneij tbjsj pnsswmrds vcn tbj gjeu hut ma lmursj meky
natjr tbj lmrrjlt lmrrjspmedcei pnssw
pnsswmrd
mrd bns hjje jetjrjd.
Bmw kmei dmjs n pnsswmrd nkkmw nlljss tm tbj pnrngjtjrs= Smu lne lbmmsj
hjtwjje < nktjrentcvjs vcn n gjeu0
• Xj-jetry ma tbj pnsswmrd cs cs rjqucrjd prcmr tm jnlb mpjrntcme? tbcs cs
tjdcmus hut vjry snaj.
• Tbj pnsswmrd rjgnces
rjgnces "mpje" durcei
durcei >6 gceutjs
gceutjs natjr tbj jetry ma tbj
lmrrjlt pnsswmrd. Durcei tbnt >6-gce cetjrvnk tbj mpjrntmr lne lmetceuj
lbneicei pnrngjtjrs wctbmut bnvcei tm jetjr tbj pnsswmrd jnlb tcgj.
• Tbj pnsswmrd rjgnces mpje mpje durcei 84 bmurs. Tbcs cs usjauk w wbje
bje n
lmgpkjtj sjt-up ma tbj GLX cs ejljssnry ned tbj mpjrntmr rjgnces wctbce
scibt ma tbj VL.
Ce ney lnsj, ymu lne cebchct nlljss tm
t m tbj GLX hy ne cggjdcntj rjlnkk ma tbj
pnsswmrd vcn gjeu. Ca j.i. tbj pnsswmrd wns mpjejd amr n 84-bmur pjrcmd,
hut ymu bnvj tm kjnvj tbj GLX uesupjrvcsjd amr ne jxtjedjd pjrcmd, nlljss
lne hj rjlnkkjd. Nt tbj ejxt nttjgpt tm gmdcay n pnrngjtjr, tbj
t bj pnsswmrd
gust tbje hj rj-jetjrjd.
>6<
Typj ma Djpjedcei me tbj typj ma pnrngjtjr wbclb ymu wnet tm gmdcay, tbj prmirng
pnrngjtjrs lne rjnlt ce dcaajrjet wnys0
• \mgj pnrngjtjrs nrj XJND-MEKS
XJND-MEKS (j.i. tbj gnces arjqujely) n
ned
ed
lneemt
tbj usjrhj gmdcacjd.
tbnt Ybjelneemt
bcs djgned sjkjltjd, tbjy ijejrntj
hj lmgpkcjd wctb. ne mvjrkny, wbclb tjkks
• Mtbjr pnrngjtjrs lne meky nlljpt ljrtnce prjdjacejd
prjdjacejd vnkujs
vnkujs (J.i. tbj
mutput lurrjet lne meky hj 4.>:, 1.1, 2.<<, 3.8, >8 mr 86 N ned emtbcei ce-
hjtwjje).
Tm sjkjlt nemtbjr vnkuj, ùst bct tbj ;\VNLJ5 hnr uetck tbj lmrrjlt vnkuj
nppjnrs ce tbj mvjrkny ned tbje bct ;JETJX5 tm vnkcdntj tbj ejw vnkuj.
Tbcs jrnsjs tbj mvjrkny, puts tbj ejw vnkuj ce tbj lmrrjlt wcedmw ned
trnesgcts tbj ejw vnkuj tm tbj GLX.
Tbcs gjssnij cs cetjrkjnvjd wctb tbj emrgnk \TNTZ\ gjssnijs.
Ca ymu dm emt wnet tm lbneij tbj vnkuj, ùst bct ;J\L5 cestjnd ma ;JETJX5?
tbj mvjrkny dcsnppjnrs, hut tbj vnkuj rjgnces uelbneijd ned tbjrj cs em
gjssnij tm tbj GLX.
Amr jxngpkj, nkk "akni" pnrngjtjrs nrj ma tbcs typj. Tbjy nlljpt 8 vnkujs j.i.
me/maa mr jenhkjd/dcsnhkjd.
jenhkjd/dcsnhkjd.
• Mtbjr pnrngjtjrs nlljpt
nlljpt ney vnku
vnkuj.
j. Smu gust jetjr tbj ejw
ejw vnkuj
vnkuj vcn tbj
ojyhmnrd. Bcttcei ;JETJX5 pjramrgs n vnkuj lbjlo ned ca ct cs mutscdj
mej ma tbj prjdjacejd hmueds, ct cs rj`jltjd ned ymu rjljcvj ne jrrmr
gjssnij ce tbj hmttmg-rcibt wcedmw. Ca ct cs nlljptjd, tbj wcedmw cs
updntjd ned n gjssnij cs sjet tm tbj GLX.
Tm jxct ne mvjrkny wctbmut lbneicei neytbcei, ùst bct ;J\L5.
Cevnkcd Ca tbj prmirng rjqucrjs tbj jetry ma n vnkuj, tbj ceput rmutcejs wckk rj`jlt ney
lbnrnltjrs cevnkcd lbnrnltjrs ned kmlo nkk ojyhmnrd
o jyhmnrd jetrcjs uetck n ;HNLO\VNLJ5
;HNLO\VNLJ5 cs
jetjrjd wbclb lkjnrs tbj jrrmejmus lbnrnltjr.
Jxngpkj0 n pnrngjtjr jxpjlts n eughjr, hut ymu jetjr ne nkpbnhjtcl
lbnrnltjr hy gcstnoj.
Cestjnd ma sjjcei tbj emrgnk uedjrslmrj cedclntcei tbj lursmr pmsctcme, ymu
wckk sjj n wbctj squnrj. Tbj meky wny-mut cs tm bct n ;HNLO\VNLJ5 tm
rjgmvj tbj knst lbnrnltjr. Tbj squnrj tbje dcsnppjnrs ned tbj emrgnk
lursmr nppjnrs nince. Smu lne tbje prmljjd tm jetjr tbj lmrrjlt vnkuj.
Ce tbcs wny, tbj usjr cs iunrnetjjd tbnt wbje bj bcts tbj acenk ;XJTZXE5 nt
tbj jed ma bcs ceput, tbj strcei pnssjd amr
a mr nenkyscs tm tbj prmirng lmetnces
meky vnkcd lbnrnltjrs.
>64
Tm kjnvj tbj Tm kjnvj tbj prmirng, im tm tbj JRCT gjeu ned jetjr tbj lbnrnltjr
prmirng dcspknyjd
dcspknyjd ce tbj wcedmw (Amr Jeikcsb tbcs cs 'y' mr 'S')?
Tm nvmcd kmscei dntn, ymu nrj wnrejd wbje ymu try tm kjnvj tbj prmirng ned
smgj pnrngjtjrs
amrlj ne wjrj lbneijd
jxct ned nlljpt hut emt snvjd
tbj lmesjqujeljs tm JJVXMG.
ca tbjrj cs n pmwjrSmu lne
dmwe metbje
tbj
GLX, mr rjgnce ce tbj prmirng ned dm n "snvj tm JJVXMG".
Trycei tm kjnvj tbj prmirng wctb Ltrk-L ijejrntjs ne jrrmr, hut dmjs emt
cetjrrupt tbj prmirng. ;Nkt-Ltrk-Djk5 bmwjvjr cs nltcvj ned rjhmmts tbj
gnlbcej.
>6:
9.4 Gjeu djslrcptcme
9.4.> Mvjrvcjw
Cetrmdultcme Ce tbcs lbnptjr ymu wckk aced nkk tbj ceamrgntcme nhmut tbj pnrngjtjrs ned ttbj
bj
gjeus tm usj ned gmdcay tbjg.
Vrmtjltcme ma Tbjrj nrj amur dcaajrjet typjs ma pnrngjtjrs0

tbj • arjj gmdcacnhkj pnrngjtjrs knhjkkjd ‛arjj
arjj‗‗ ce tbj suhsjqujet djslrcptcme?
pnrngjtjrs • lustmg gmdcacnhkj pnrngjtjrs knhjkkjd ‛lustmg ‛lustmg‗‗ ce tbj suhsjqujet
djslrcptcme ned prmtjltjd hy n usjr pnsswmrd?
• anltmry gmdcacnhkj pnrngjtjrs knhjkkjd
knhjkkjd ‛anltmry
‛anltmry‗‗ ned prmtjltjd hy ne
cestnkkntcme pnsswmrd?
• acxjd pnrngjtjrs knhjkkjd ‛acxjd
acxjd‗‗ ce tbj suhsjqujet djslrcptcme? tbjsj nrj
nltunkky gjnsurjd vnkujs mr vnkujs hmued tm tbj bnrdwnrj lmeaciurntcme ma
tbj rjiukntmr ned lneemt hj gmdcacjd hy tbj mpjrntmr.
>61
9.4.8 A> Bjkp
Djslrcptcme Tbcs gjeu dcspknys n sbmrt bjkp djslrchcei tbj dcaajrjet

dcaa jrjet gjeus.
9.4.< A8 Kmi0 Dcspkny ned kmiicei ma jvjets
Djslrcptcme Tbcs gjeu dcspkny tbj knst :6 jvjets stmrjd ce tbj kmi-ackj. Nkk tbj jvjets nrj
eughjrjd wctb tbj gmst rjljet me tmp.
8 mpjrntcmes nrj nkkmwjd0 slrmkkcei ned djkjtcei. Tbj djkjtj aueltcme meky
rjgmvjs tbj :6 kcejs ce tbj prmirng kmi.
Tbj truj kmi ackj me dcso rjgnces uetmulbjd, hut tbnt tmm lne hj djkjtjd
uscei tbj emrgnk DM\ djkjtj aueltcme.
>69
9.4.4 A< VL Lmetrmk
Cetrmdultcme Tbj purpmsj ma tbcs gjeu cs tm nkkmw ymu tm tnoj mvjr lmetrmk ma tbj GLX
wctb tbj VL.
VL Lmetrmk
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Anltmry sjttcei Lmggjets
Hrcibtejss stjp arjj Xneij > tm 2 : hrcibtejss stjps (>)

(mr 13 tm 8::)
Xjgmtj me/ maa arjj ME/ MAA MAA (8)
lmetrmk
\but Dmwe arjj Xjkjnsjd / Emt Emt nltcvj (<)
nltcvj
>. Ca tbj eughjr ma hrcibtejss stjps cs sjt tm 8:: (stjpkjss gmdj), tbj rneij cs 13 tm
8::? Ca tbj pnrngjtjr ‛\jpnrntj ME/ MAA‗ cs sjt tm ‛SJ\‗, tbj vnkuj ‛6‗ cs nksm
pmsschkj.
8. Ybje n guktcwcrj cetjranlj cs cestnkkjd, n stjp lne hj sjkj
sjkjltjd
ltjd jctbjr hy nltcvntcei
nltcvntcei tbj
hrcibtejss stjp wcrj nkmej mr tmijtbjr wctb n sjpnrntj ME/MAA kcej (sjj nksm gjeu
A:). Ca tbj GLX cs prmirnggjd amr tbj knst lnsj, tbj ME/MAA kcej lne hj scgukntjd
hy tbcs pnrngjtjr.
<. Tbcs scgukntjs tbj sbutdmwe c.j. tbj nltcme, wbclb swctlbjs maa tbj tbyrcstmrs wctbmut
mpjecei tbj pmwjr lmetnltmr. Zedjr emrgnk mpjrntcme tbj sbut-dmwe cs usjd ce
lmeùeltcme wctb
wctb n lcrluct sjkjltmr. Ca tbj GLX wctb
wctb Guktcwcrj
Guktcwcrj cs prmirnggjd
prmirnggjd amr n
lcrluct sjkjltmr sbut-dmwe lmetrmk tbrmuib tbcs gjeu wckk emt hj pmsschkj
\nvj/ Xjstmrj
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Lmggjets

\nvj tm JJVXMG lustmg \nvj gmdcacjd pnrngjtjrs tm JJVXMG tm ojjp
tbjg nltcvj natjr tbj ejxt pmwjr-up sjqujelj
Knst snvj tm JJVXMG acxjd Dntj ned tcgj ma tbj knst snvj tm JJVXMG
Xjstmrj armg JJVXMG lustmg Xjlmvjr nkk tbj pnrngjtjrs armg JJVXMG
Xjstmrj armg ackj lustmg Kmnd nkk tbj pnrngjtjrs armg n ackj
\matwnrj vjrscme
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Anltmry Lmggjets

\jttceis
\matwnrj vjrscme ma tbcs acxjd 8.66 \matwnrj vjrscme ma tbj
prmirng lmggueclntcme prmirng hjtwjje
tbj VL ned tbj LLX ymu nrj uscei
emw
>62
9.4.: A: \jt-up GLX0 lmeaciurntcme
GLX cdjetcaclntcme

\jttceis
sjrcnk eughjr ma tbj acxjd
lmetrmk gmdukj
GLX cdjetcaclntcme lustmg LCXL. CD Ne 2 nkpbneugjrclnkky
nkpbneugjrclnkky strcei amr
sjrcjs lcrluct cdjetcaclntcme (nksm
dcspknyjd
dcspknyj d me tbj
t bj GLX's armet pnejk)
GLX JVXMG vjrscme acxjd 8.66 Tbj smatwnrj vjrscme ma tbj JVXMG
acttjd ce tbj lmetrmk gmdukj.
Mutput lurrjet

\jttceis
Gnxcgug mutput lurrjet anltmry 4.>:/ 1.1/ 86

3.8/ >8.6/ 2.<:/
N 1.1 Hmued tm
bnrdwnrj
Gcecgug mutput lurrjet acxjd >.2 Djacejd wbje tbj
gnxcgug mutput
lurrjet cs sjkjltjd
Eughjr ma hrcibtejss stjp lustmg </ 4/ :/ 1/ 9/ 2 :
Hrcibtejss stjps vnkujs lustmg 8.2 - <.<3 - 4.63 (>)
- :.86 - 1.16
(>) Jnlb stjp cs djacenhkj hy tbj usjr, hut gust hj0
• knrijr tbne tbj prjljdcei
prjljdcei stjp ned sgnkkjr
sgnkkjr tbne tbj ejxt
ejxt stjp?
• sgnkkjr tbne tbj gnx. mutput
mutput lurrjet ned knrijr tbne tbj gcecgug mej.
mej.
Ybje tbj Er ma stjps cs lbneijd, tbj stjps nrj sjt tm tbj djanukt vnkujs.
Bnrdwnrj

\jttceis
Gnces emgcenk anltmry 862/ 886/ 8<6/ 846/ Hmued tm bnrdwnrj
vmktnij <26/ 466/ 4>: Q
Gnces arjqujely acxjd :6/ 16 Bz Gjnsurjd hy tbj lmetrmk gmdukj? emt
nvncknhkj uetck tbj GLX cs turejd me
Vmwjr gmdukj anltmry 4</ >>6 N Hmued tm bnrdwnrj
Xjgmtj lmetrmk acxjd Guktcwcrj Djtjltcme hy tbj systjg ma tbj typj ma
gmdukj hmnrd cestnkkjd
\jt-up rjgmtj lustmg Tbj suhgjeu Guktcwcrj lmeaciurntcme
lmetrmk gmdukj gny hj mpjejd
Lcrluct sjkjltmr lustmg yjs/ em
cestnkkjd
(>) Cedclntjs tbnt tbj dntn
dntn ma tbj lcrluct sjkjltmr cs nlljsschkj
>63
9.4.: A: \jt-up GLX0 lmeaciurntcme, lmetceujd
\uhgjeu
Guktcwcrj

\jttceis
Jxpkclct ME scienk lustmg SJ\/ EM Sjs (>)
rjqujstjd
Hnlo cedclntcme lustmg Kmlnk HC/ Em HC Em HC
HC (8)
Hnlo cedclntcme amr lustmg SJ\ / EM Em (<)
gnxcgug stjp nkwnys \2
Xjsjt vcn Xjgmtj Lmetrmk SJ\ / EM Em
>. Ca tbcs akni cs sjt tm SJ\, stjp \> cs usjd ns ME/MAA lmetrmk. Tm sjkjlt
j.i. stjp 4, ct cs emt suaaclcjet tm nltcvntj \4, hut \> gust hj nltcvj nksm.
Ca tbcs akni
a kni cs EM, tbj GLX swctlbjs ME ca meky n sceikj stjp kcej cs
nltcvntjd (sjj pnr >.1.4).
8. Qcn tbj guktc-wcrj gmdukj
gmdukj n hnlo-cedcln
hnlo-cedclntcme
tcme cs sjet tm tbj lmetrmk systjg ca
tbj GLX sjkjltmr cs ce KMLNK gmdj. KMLNK gmdj cs djacejd ns tbj
pmsctcmes \> tm \2 ma tbj sjkjltmr swctlb, hut ct lne nksm celkudj tbj MAA
pmsctcme ca tbcs akni cs sjt tm
t m "Kmlnk HC". Ca tbj akni cs sjt tm
t m "Em HC", tbjrj wckk
hj em kmlnk hnlo-cedclntcme
hnlo-cedclntcme ca tbj drug-sjkjltmr me tbj aarmet rmet pnejk ma tbj
lmetrmk gmdukj cs ce MAA pmsctcme.
Tbcs pnrngjtjr gust hj sjt tm ‛Kmlnk HC‗, wbje w bje tbj GLX mpjrntjs
tmijtbjr wctb n lcrluct sjkjltmr L\G! L\G!
<. Ca tbcs akni cs sjt tm SJ\, tbj GLX wckk icvj amr tbj gnxcgu
gnxcgug g hrcibtejss
stjp nkwnys tbj hnlo cedclntcme scienk \2 jvje ca tbjt bj rjiukntmr bns meky <,
4, :, 1 mr 9 stjps.
Zsjd amr tbj nltcvntcme ma tbj bmur lmuetjr ‛Gnx hrcibtejss‗.
>>6
Nknrg kjvjks (mutput lurrjet)
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Lmggjets Anltmry sjttcei

Mvjrlurrjet tbrjsbmkd kjvjk > lustmg 4 tm >8% (>) 4
Mvjrlurrjet tbrjsbmkd djkny > lustmg > tm >8 sjl (>) 4
Mvjrlurrjet tbrjsbmkd kjvjk 8 lustmg : tm 8:% (8) 2
Mvjrlurrjet tbrjsbmkd djkny 8 lustmg 6 tm > sjl (8) 6.4
\wctlb-maa ca mvjrkmnd lustmg EM / SJ\ (<) EM
Nsyggjtrcl tbrjsbmkd kjvjk
kjvjk lustmg : />6 />: /86 /8:% (4) >6
Nsyggjtrcl tbrjsbmkd djkny
djkny lustmg : tm 8:6 sjl (4) >66
Xjiukntcme jrrmr djkny lustmg > tm >8 sjl (:) >
(>) Lmetrmks tbj kjvjk nt wbclb ne mvjrlurrjet nknrg wckk hj icvje ca tbj jrrmr
pjrscsts amr tbj tcgj djacejd hy djkny >.
(8) Tbcs kjvjk gust hj bcibjr tbne tbj prjljdcei mej hut wctb n sbmrtjr djkny.
(<) Ca ne mvjrkmnd mllurs, tbj GLX lneemt iunrnetjj tbj kjvjk ma tbj mutput
lurrjet. Ct wckk ce ney lnsj ijejrntj n rjiukntcme jrrmr? gmrjmvjr wctb tbcs akni
tbj GLX lne hj amrljd tm t m swctlb-maa uedjr tbmsj lmedctcmes.
(4) Ca tbj pmsctcvj ned ejintcvj bnka-wnvjs ma tbj mutput lurrjet dm emt bnvj
tbj sngj vnkuj durcei tbj tcgj spjlcacjd hy tbj djkny pnrngjtjr, ne jrrmr cs
ijejrntjd. Ne nsyggjtry jrrmr cs n scie amr tbj jxcstjelj ma n DL
lmgpmejet me tbj mutput lurrjet, wbclb cs bnrgauk tm tbj pmwjr trnesamrgjr
ma tbj GLX.
(:) Ca tbj GLX lneemt gncetnce tbj prmirnggjd mutput lurrjet, ne nknrg
nppjnrs natjr tbcs djkny
Nknrg kjvjks (ceput vmktnij)
\wctlb-maa kjvjk Lustmg 26 tm 23% Qmktnij

GLX wckkntswctlb
wbclbMAA.
tbj 26
\wctlb-me kjvjk Lustmg 2: tm 34% Qmktnij nt wbclb ct wckk 36
swctlb ME nince. Tbj
smatwnrj amrljs n
gcecgug ma :%
dcaajrjelj hjtwjje
hmtb kjvjks.
Mvjrvmktnij Lustmg >>6, >>:, >86, Ca tbj gnces suppky >>6
wnrecei kjvjk >8:, ><6% jxljjds tbcs vnkuj, ne
nknrg cs ijejrntjd.
>
Gmdj ma mpjrntcme
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Lmggjets Anltmry

sjttcei
\tjp sjttkcei Lustmg 6/ 6.:/ > / Ybje ymu swctlb armg mej stjp tm 6
spjjd >.:/ 8 / 8.: nemtbjr, tbj GLX lne jctbjr rjnlt
sjl cestnetnejmusky
cestnetnejmusk y mr gmvj tm tbj
ejw stjp ce tbj tcgj djacejd bjrj
(amr n lurrjet vnrcntcme armg 6 tm
tm
tbj gnxcgug vnkuj).
Hnlo cedclntcme Lustmg SJ\ / EM Ybje tbcs akni cs sjt, tbj lmetrmk SJ\
ce kmlnk gmdj tmwjr rjljcvjs nkk hnlo cedclntcme
scienks. Ca tbcs pnrngjtjr cs sjt tm
tm
EM tbjrj wckk hj em hnlo cedclntcme
scienks tm tbj tmwjr wbje tbj GLX
mpjrntjs ce Kmlnk lmetrmk.
ME-MAA-ME Lustmg 6/ 6.8/ 6.4/ Ybje tbj GLX cs rnpcdky swctlbjd
swctlbjd 6
djkny 6.1/ 6.2/ MAA ned ME nince, tbcs pnrngjtjr
> sjl djacejs tbj gcecgug djkny durcei
wbclb tbj GLX wckk rjgnce MAA
rjinrdkjss ma tbj swctlbcei spjjd.
Kmlnk dcspkny

Kmlnk dcspkny Lustmg C mut/ \tjp/ Djacejs tbj djanukt dcspkny C mut
djanukt QNmut %/ Qmut/ me tbj jkjltrmecl lmggned
KNG/ JAD/ gmdukj armet pnejk
LLX CD/ KGV
TJ\T
Kmlnk dcspkny Lustmg C mut/ \tjp/ Djacejs tbj dcspkny me tbj
sjkjlt QNmut %/ Qmut/ jkjltrmecl lmggned gmdukj
KNG/ JAD/ armet pnejk
LLX CD/ KGV
TJ\T
Dcspkny bmkd Lustmg 6 tm 86 gce Tbj tcgj durcei wbclb tbj >
tcgj pnrngjtjr spjlcacjd nhmvj
wckk rjgnce me tbj dcspkny cs
djacejd bjrj. Natjr tbcs tcgj
tbj dcspkny swctlbjs hnlo tm
tbj djanukt dcspkny.
Dcspkny djlcgnk Lustmg Lmggn/ Vjrcmd Lmggn
sjpnrntmr
Kngp tjst Lustmg MAA/ ME \wctlbjs ME nkk tbj KJD\ MAA
me tbj GLX
rjgnce armet.
ME uetck tbjTbjy
lmggned cs rjvmojd.
8

<
Lnkchrntcme Acrst, rjnd lnrjaukky tbj YNXECEI\ ce tbj pnrnirnpb ‛Lnkchrntcme‗ (pnr
9.:.4). Lnkchrntcme ma tbj mutput lurrjet dcrjltky ceakujeljs tbj mutput lurrjet
nt Hgnx.
Tbj mtbjr lnkchrntcmes nlt me tbj vnkujs dcspknyjd ce tbj A2 Vmwjr Gmectmr
gjeu ned tbj hnlo cedclntcme vnkujs wctb tbj guktcpkjxjd rjgmtj lmetrmk.
Mutput vmktnij Lustmg Meky ca KAD gmdukj cs cestnkkjd
Mutput lurrjet Lustmg
Mutput pmwjr Lustmg Meky ca KAD gmdukj cs cestnkkjd
Ceput vmktnij Lustmg
Ceput lurrjet Lustmg
Ceput pmwjr Lustmg
Lbneij pnsswmrds
Vnrngjtjr Typj Qnkuj Lmggjets Anltmry

sjttcei
Lbneij pnsswmrd0 usjr lustmg Gnx >4
lbnrnltjrs
Lbneij pnsswmrd0 cestnkk anltmry Gnx >4
lbnrnltjrs
Nutm rjlnkk pnsswmrd
pnsswmrd arjj Jed mpjrntcme/ >6gce/
>6gce/ 84brs Jed
mpjrntcme
Xjlnkk pnsswmrd arjj EM/ SJ\
Jrrmr scgukntcme
Meky pmsschkj ca tbj GLX cs mpjrntcmenk ned djkcvjrs lurrjet cetm tbj
sjrcjs lcrluct.

sjttcei
Mvjrlurrjet kjvjk > lustmg
Mvjrlurrjet kjvjk 8 lustmg
Mpje lcrluct lustmg
Mvjrkmnd lustmg
Ca jctbjr ma tbjsj jrrmrs cs scgukntjd, tbj GLX rjspmeds wctb ne C-anukt

cedclntcme me tbj armet pnejk dcspkny. Tm rjgmvj tbj jrrmr lmedctcme, tbj
XJ\JT huttme me tbj GLX armet gust hj pusbjd.
4
9.4.1 A1 JAD0 \jt-up amr jnrtb anukt djtjltmr
Lmetrmk lmggneds

sjttcei
ME/MAA Lustmg Jenhkj/ Jenhkj
lmetrmk Dcsnhkj
Xjsjt jrrmr Lustmg EM/ SJ\ Ca n kjnonij lurrjet jxljjdjd jctbjr ma
aknis tbj usjr-djacejd kjvjks, ne jrrmr wns
ijejrntjd. Tbj XJ\JT gjeu lkjnrs tbcs
jrrmr. Ca tbj kjnonij cs stckk prjsjet, n ejw
jrrmr nppjnrs.
MBG-tjst Lustmg MAA/ ME Tbcs cs n tjst ma tbj JAD-gmdukj. Tbcs
tjst dcslmeejlts tbj :66Q armg tbj sjrcjs
lcrluct ned sbmrts ct tm tbj irmued mvjr n
oemwe rjscstmr. Smu lne lbjlo tbcs me tbj
dcspkny ma tbj GLX ned ce tbj stntus
wcedmw me tbj VL.
Nknrgs Ca jctbjr ma tbj ejxt twm pnrngjtjrs cs jxljjdjd, tbj GLX lrjntjs ne nknrg
(cedclntjd hy tbj kjd ‛Jnrtb anukt‗ me tbj armet pnejk ma tbj lmetrmk gmdukj)
ned nksm kmiijd me dcso

sjttcei
Csmkntcme kjvjk > Lustmg 6.6> /:66Gmbg >6
Csmkntcme kjvjk 8 Lustmg 6.6> /:66Gmbg > Tbj kjvjk 8 gust hj sgnkkjr
tbje tbj kjvjk >.
:
9.4.1 A1 JAD0 \jt-up amr jnrtb anukt djtjltmr, lmetceujd
\jtup

sjttcei
Gjnsurcei gmdj Lustmg Lmetceumusky / Lmetceumusky
Lmetceumusky Tbj cetjrvnk tcgj cs djacejd
djacejd hy tbj ejxt
cetjrgcttjetky pnrngjtjr.
Cetjrvnk tcgj Lustmg >6 tm >89: sjl 16 Ca ‛Gjnsurcei gmdj‗ cs cetjrgcttjetky
\tnrt up djkny Lustmg 4 /2 />: /<6 /16 4 Hjlnusj ma tbj ueoemwe lnpnlcty ma
/>86 sjl tbj sjrcjs lcrluct ned tbj sgnkk lurrjet
djkcvjrjd hy tbj :66 Qdl suppky, ct lne
tnoj ne npprjlcnhkj tcgj tm pukk tbj
lcrluct tm tbj :66 Q kjvjk. Tbcs
pnrngjtjr djacejs tbj wnct tcgj hjamrj
ney gjnsurjgjets nrj gndj.
\tmp gjns. lustmg Sjs/ Em Em Ca tbj sbutdmwe-scienk
sbutdmwe-scienk cs icvje tbcs wckk
wbje swctlbcei lnusj n stnrt up djkny cdjetclnk ns amr
lcrlucts swctlbcei me n lcrluct.
Xjqucrjd ce lnsj ma Nktjrentj lcrluct
sjkjltmr tm pjrgct swctlbcei mvjr armg
ma mej tm nemtbjr lcrluct wctbmut
gmgjetnry JAD-nknrgs.
Xjsjt jrrmr lustmg Sjs/ Em Em Ca tbj sbutdmwe-scienk
sbutdmwe-scienk cs icvje tbcs wckk
wbje swctlbcei lnusj n rjsjt ma tbj JAD-KJQJK
lcrlucts cedclntcmes.
Tm prjvjet nknrg cedclntcme ce lnsj ma
Nktjrentj lcrluct sjkjltmr
sjkjltmr amr tbj lcrluct
tbnt nltunkky cs emt ce sjrvclj.
\tmp gjns. ca em lustmg Sjs/ Em Em Ca em lcrluct cs sjkjltjd tbcs tbj
lcrlucts sjkjltjd sbutdmwe-scienk cs icvje tbcs wckk
lnusj n stnrt up djkny cdjetclnk ns amr
swctlbcei me n lcrluct.
Ce lnsj ma Nktjrentj lcrluct sjkjltmr
wctbmut ney lcrluct sjkjltjd tbj
cedclntcme ma tbj JAD wckk meky hj tbj
sctuntcme amr tbj rjiukntmr, emt amr tbj
mutjr lcrlucts.
Lnkchrntcme

Aukk lnkchrntcme Lustmg Xjajr tm tbj pnrn 9.:.40 ‛Lnkchrntcme‗
‛Lnkchrntcme‗
Knst lnkchrntcme Acxjd DD/GGG/SS Dntj ned tcgj ma tbj knst aukk
a ukk lnkchrntcme ma tbj
dntj BB0GG0\\ JAD
1
9.4.1 A1 JAD0 \jt-up amr jnrtb anukt djtjltmr, lmetceujd
Jrrmr scgukntcme

sjttcei
\cgukntj KJQJK > lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
\cgukntj KJQJK 8 lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
Ca jctbjr ma tbjsj jrrmrs cs scgukntjd, tbj GLX rjspmeds wctb tbj

lmrrjspmedcei
lmrrjspmedcei hnlo-cedclntcme. Tbj Kjd Jnrtb-Anukt
Jnrtb-Anukt me tbj armet pnejk wckk
kcibt up.
9
9.4.9 A9 KAD0 Huret kngps djtjltmr
\tntus

sjttcei
\tntus lustmg LNK/ EMT LNK EMT LNK Cedclntjs ca tbj KAD gmdukj cs
lnkchrntjd mr emt.
Lmetrmk lmggneds

sjttcei
ME/ MAA lmetrmk lustmg Jenhkj/ Jenhkj Nkkmws dcsnhkcei
dcsnhkcei tbj KAD gmdukj. Ca ct cs
dcsnhkj dcsnhkjd, em KAD jrrmrs wckk hj
rjturejd tm tbj VL mr vcn tbj HZ\ (ca
prjsjet).
Mpjrntcmenk gmdj lustmg Emrgnk/ Emrgnk • Emrgnk0 8 kjvjks lne ijejrntj ne
djirndj nknrg?
d • Djirndjd0 tbj acrst (kmwjr)
(kmwjr) kjvjk ma
tbj Huret kngps cs emt nkkmwjd tm
emt nkkmwjd
ijejrntj ne nknrg. Djirndjd gmdj
dmjs emt
emt nppky
nppky tm tbj QN-drmp
nknrgs.
Nknrgs Amr hmtb ‛Eughjr ma kngps‗ ned ‛QN-drmp‗, 8 kjvjks lne hj djacejd. Tbj
sjlmed kjvjk gust hj knrijr tbne tbj acrst mej.
Tbj djkny cs n tcgj-mut wbclb rjtnrds tbj ijejrntcme ma ne nknrg tm acktjr-mut
spurcmus jrrmrs ned wbclb nkkmws tbj sjrcjs lcrluct tm wnrg-up.

sjttcei
Eughjr ma kngps kjvjk > lustmg > tm <6 <
Eughjr ma kngps kjvjk 8 lustmg 8 tm <> :
Eughjr ma kngps djkny lustmg > tm 8:: sjl :
QN-drmp kjvjk > lustmg > tm :6 % >6
QN-drmp kjvjk 8 lustmg 8 tm :> % 46
QN-drmp djkny lustmg > tm 8:: sjl 2
2
9.4.9 A9 KAD0 Huret kngps djtjltmr, lmetceujd
Lnkchrntcme Xjajr tm tbj pnrnirnpb0 ‛Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj KAD gmdukj‗

sjttcei
\tnrt lnkchrntcme0 lustmg EM / SJ\ Xjnd YNXECEI me slrjje!
rjajrjelj
\tnrt lnkchrntcme0 lustmg EM / SJ\ Xjnd YNXECEI me slrjje!
kngps rjgmvjd
Knst lnkchrntcme dntj acxjd DD/GGG/SS
DD/GGG/SS Dntj ned tcgj ma tbj knst snvj
BB0GG0\\ tm JJVXMG
Jrnsj lnkchrntcme lustmg EM / SJ\ Xjqucrjs ‛\nvj tm JJVXMG‗
(Gjeu A<) mtbjrwcsj tbj
prjvcmus lnkchrntcme sjttceis
wckk hjlmgj rj-jstnhkcsbjd
natjr pmwjr dmwe.
Kmmp wnrg-up tcgj lustmg >6->89: sjl 86 Ney tcgj hjtwjje >6 ned
>89: sjl.
Lbneicei tbcslnkchrntcme.
jaajlt me tbj vnkuj bns em
Eughjr ma kngps lustmg ûnetcty ma 4 Emt uedjr usjr lmetrmk.
rjgmvjd kngps usjd amr
tbj ‛kngps
rjgmvjd‗
lnkchrntcme.
Bnrdwnrj

sjttcei
Vrcgnry vmktnij anltmry <26/ >:>:/ <6<6/ Tm gjnsurj tbj mutput vmktnij n bcib
mutput 4:66 Q vmktnij trnesamrgjr cs cestnkkjd ce tbj
trnesamrgjr GLX. Tbcs pnrngjtjr cs cts prcgnry
vmktnij. Ca tbcs pnrngjtjr cs lbneijd,
tbj KAD gust hj rjlnkchrntjd.
GLX pmwjr lustmg Tbj GLX pmwjr rntcei (ce oY) gust
hj jetjrjd bjrj. Tbj jetjrjd vnkuj
cs usjd tm lmgputj tbj t bj prmljetunk
kmndcei ma tbj GLX. Lbneicei tbcs
vnkuj bns em jaajlt me tbj lnkchrntcme.
Kmmp kjeitb lustmg 6↘</ <↘1/ 1↘3/ 6 ↘ < Jetjr tbj kjeitb (ce og) ma tbj sjrcjs
3↘>8/ >8↘>2/ lcrluct bjrj. Ct cs usjd tm jstcgntj tbj
>2↘8>/ 58> lnpnlctnelj ma tbj kmmp. Ca tbcs vnkuj
cs lbneijd, tbj KAD gust hj
rjlnkchrntjd.
3
9.4.9 A9 KAD0 Huret kngps djtjltmr, lmetceujd
Jrrmr scgukntcme

\jttcei
\cgukntj KNGV kjvjk > lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
\cgukntj KNGV kjvjk 8 lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
\cgukntj QN-DXMV kjvjk > lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
\cgukntj QN-DXMV kjvjk 8 lustmg EM/ SJ\ emt yjt cgpkjgjetjd
Ca mej ma tbjsj jrrmrs cs scgukntjd, tbj GLX rjspmeds wc wctb

tb tbj lmrrjspmedcei
hnlo-cedclntcme.. Tbj Kjd Kngp anuk
hnlo-cedclntcme anuktt me tbj armet pnejk wckk
wckk kcibt up.
up.
>6
9.4.2 A2 Vmwjr Gmectmrcei
Cetrmdultcme Emej ma tbj pnrngjtjrs dcspknyjd ce tbcs wcedmw nrj gmdcacnhkj. Nkk nrj
updntjd ce rjnk tcgj armg dntn rjnd hy tbj VL ce tbj GLX dntnhnsj. Ca tbj
KAD gmdukj cs emt prjsjet, tbj mutput vmktnij ned pmwjr gjnsurjgjets ned
tbjcr djrcvjd pnrngjtjrs nrj emt nvncknhkj ned wckk emt hj sbmwe.
Vrcgnry pnrngjtjrs

Tbyrcstmr acxjd Nkkmws tbj cestnkkntcme
cestnkkntc me jeicejjr tm djacej wbclb tnp me tbj
lmedultcme trnesamrgjr tm sjkjlt ce mrdjr tm mptcgcsj cts mpjrntcme ce
neikj aueltcme ma tbj
t bj kmnd cestnkkjd.
Gnces vmktnij acxjd
Gnces lurrjet acxjd
Mutput vmktnij acxjd Ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd
Mutput lurrjet acxjd
Vmwjr pnrngjtjrs

Gnces pmwjr Y acxjd
Gnces pmwjr QN acxjd
Mutput pmwjr Y acxjd Ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd
Mutput pmwjr QN acxjd Ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd
Vmwjr anltmr ceput acxjd
Vmwjr anltmr0 mutput acxjd Ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd
Jaaclcjely acxjd Ca KAD mptcme cs cestnkkjd
9.4.3 A>6 Jxct
Tm jxct tbj Amr tbj Jeikcsb kneiunij, jetjr 'y' tm jxct. Amr mtbjr kneiunijs ct cs nkwnys
prmirng tbj acrst kjttjr ma tbj jqucvnkjet "SJ\" strcei. Ca ymu lbneijd smgj
pnrngjtjrs ned dcd emt snvj tbj dntn tm JJVXMG, n suppkjgjetnry wnrecei
cs ijejrntjd. Smu
Smu lne tbje sjkjlt tbj "VL Lmetrmk"
Lmetrmk" gjeu,
gjeu, dm n "\nvj tm
JJVXMG" ned tbje lmgj hnlo tm tbj JRCT gjeu ned kjnvj tbj prmirng.
Ct cs nksm pmsschkj tm dcsrjinrd tbcs wnrecei ned jxct wctbmut snvcei. Smu gust
tbje hj nwnrj tbnt tbj gmdcacjd pnrngjtjrs jxcst meky ce tbj GLX XNG ned
tbnt tbjy wckk hj mvjrwrcttje hy tbj JJVXMG dntn nt tbj ejxt pmwjr-dmwe,
pmwjr-up sjqujelj.
9.: Lnkchrntcme
>>
9.:.> Mvjrvcjw
Cetrmdultcme Tbcs lbnptjr cetrmduljs ymu tm tbj lnkchrntcme mpjrntcmes.

mpjrntcmes.
Nktbmuib tbj GLX kjnvjs tbj anltmry aukky lnkchrntjd, ct gny smgjtcgjs
hjlmgj ejljssnry tm rjlnkchrntj ct.
Tbj mptcmenk gmdukjs JAD ned KAD nrj nksm tm hj lnkchrntjd.
Lnkchrntcme N lnkchrntcme rjqucrjs cestrugjets, wbclb bnvj n bcib prjlcscme lknss (6.:%),
cestrugjets ned wbclb bnvj hjje lnkchrntjd rjljetky. \celj gmst ma tbj gjnsurjd vnkujs
nrj pbnsj-lmetrmkkjd scej wnvjs, nkk cestrugjets gust hj ma tbj TXZJ-XG\
typj ned ljrtnceky emt ma tbj gmvcei lmck ned rjltcacjr typj
typj..
Tbj usj ma ngpjrjgjtjr lkngps, nktbmuib jnsy tm usj, cs emt ndvcsnhkj amr
lnkchrntcme amr tbj amkkmwcei rjnsmes0
• tbjy nrj sjesctcvj tm gniejtcl
gniejtcl acjkds ce tbj jevcrmegjet.
jevcrmegjet. Duj tm tbj
prmxcgcty ma tbj GLX, mutscdj ceakujelj lneemt hj nvmcdjd?
• gjnsurjgjets nrj djpjedjet me tbj pmsctcme
pmsctcme ma tbj lnhkj ce
ce tbj lkngp?
lkngp?
• hjlnusj lkngps nrj gjlbneclnk
gjlbneclnk djvcljs,
djvcljs, tbj lkmsurj ma tbj gniejtcl
lcrluct lne lbneij amr jnlb gjnsurjgjet?
• lkngps gust hj lnkchrntjd
lnkchrntjd hjamrj
hjamrj usj hjlnusj
hjlnusj mama rjgnejet gniejtcsg?
• tbjcr prjlcscme
prjlcscme cs ijejrnkky kjss tbne tbnt ma n immd Nggjtjr.
Nggjtjr.
Yj ndvcsj tbj usj ma n gjnsurcei trnesamrgjr. Nktbmuib ct rjqucrjs tbj
lcrluct tm hj mpjejd, ct iunrnetjjs n lmescstjetky bcib qunkcty gjnsurjgjet.
Ynrecei Smu gust hj nwnrj tbnt tbj amkkmwcei mpjrntcmes nrj pmtjetcnkky dneijrmus
ned gust hj jxjlutjd wctb tbj utgmst lnrj amr tbj snajty ma tbj pjrsmeejk.
>8
9.:.8 Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj KAD gmdukj
Vrjkcgcenry Hjamrj stnrtcei ne KAD lnkchrntcme, lbjlo tbj bnrdwnrj sjttceis, tbj sjrcjs
lcrluct ned tbj mutput pmwjr trnesamrgjr tnp sjttcei.
Lbjlo tbj typj ma mutput vmktnij trnesamrgjr.

8.: oQN 1.1N0 <26/42Q
4 tm >6 oQN 1.1N0 >:>:/42Q
>8.: tm 86 oQN 1.1N0 <6<6/42Q
8: tm <6 oQN 1.1N0 4:66/42Q
Vrmljdurj Tbj KAD lnkchrntcme cs n 8 stjp mpjrntcme0

• tbj "rjajrjelj" lnkchrntcme
• tbj "kngps rjgmvjd" lnkchrntcme.
Ynrgcei-up Ce mrdjr tm pjramrg jxnlt gjnsurjgjets ma tbj mutput vmktnij, tbj sjrcjs
kmmp gust wnrg up tm n stnhkj tjgpjrnturj. Tbcs ttjgpjrnturj
jgpjrnturj djpjeds me
tbj nghcjet tjgpjrnturj.
Smu lne vjrcay tbj wnrgcei-up hy gmectmrcei tbj mutput vmktnij me tbj GLX
mr tbj VL dcspkny. Ca tbj kmmp cs lmkd, cts rjscstnelj cs kmw ned tbj mutput
vmktnij amr n icvje lurrjet cs kmw. Ybje tbj kmmp wnrgs-up, cts rjscstnelj
wckk celrjnsj ned bjelj tbj mutput vmktnij wckk rcsj (amr tbj sngj lurrjet).
Natjr n tcgj, tbj mutput vmktnij wckk kjvjk
kjvjk mut wbje
wbje tbj acenk tjgpjrnturj cs
rjnlbjd. Smu gust jetjr tbj rjqucrjd wnrg-up tcgj ns n pnrngjtjr ce tbj
KAD gjeu.
"rjajrjelj" Tbj rjajrjelj lnkchrntcme cs n sjrcjs ma gjnsurjgjets wbckj nkk kngps nrj
lnkchrntcme aueltcmenk.
Jrnsj tbj prjvcmus KAD lnkchrntcme hjamrj stnrtcei tbj lnkchrntcme!
Hjamrj dmcei tbcs lnkchrntcme, ymu gust vcsunkky lbjlo tbnt nkk kngps nrj
cedjjd
sjkjltcmewmrocei,
cs gndjtbnt tbj KAD-gjeu
ce tbj lmrrjlt mutput tnp prcgnry
amr tbj cs wcrjdvmktnij
ned tbnt tbj vmktnij
ma tbj lmrrjlt
gjnsurcei trnesamrgjr ned tbj tmtnk kmmp kjeitb.
Ybje ymu sjkjlt tbj rjajrjelj lnkchrntcme, n sjlmednry gjeu, ce wbclb ymu
lne sjj tbj stntus ma tbj gjnsurjgjets, nppjnrs.
Hy pusbcei huttme ‛D‗ me tbj ojyhmnrd ymu lne tmiikj me mr maa tbj QDKQ-
anltmr wbclb, ce lnsj ma n lmrrjlt rjajrjelj lnkchrntcme, sbmukd stny kmwjr
tbne :, >6 mr >: (djpjedce
(djpjedceii me tbj prjlcscme sjkjltjd hy tbj KAD
KAD durcei tbj
lnkchrntcme).
Durcei tbj wnrg-up pbnsj, tbj mutput lurrjet cs amrljd tm tbj emgcenk mutput
lurrjet ned tbj wnrg-up tcgj cs dmwe-lmuetjd
dmwe-lmuetjd ce tbcs dcspkny.
Durcei tbj gjnsurjgjets, tbj mutput lurrjet skmwky djlrjnsjs wbckj tbj
gjnsurjgjets nrj gndj. Nt tbj jed ma tbcs lnkchrntcme ymu nrj prmgptjd tm
snvj tbj rjsukts ce JJVXMG. Neswjrcei ‛EM‗ icvjs tbj sngj rjsukt ns
pusbcei tbj ;J\L5
;J\L5 ojy. Tbj gjnsurjgjets wckk
wckk emt hj snvjd.
><
9.:.4 Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj KAD gmdukj, lmetceujd
"kngps
Tbcs lnkchrntcme cs meky pmsschkj natjr jxjlutcme ned snvcei ma tbj rjajrjelj
rjgmvjd" lnkchrntcme.
lnkchrntcme
Amr tbj "kngps rjgmvjd" lnkchrntcme, ymu gust rjgmvj n oemwe eughjr ma
kngps ned stnrt tbj lnkchrntcme. Smu nrj tbje prmgptjd tm jetjr tbcs eughjr
cetm tbj systjg. Tbj GLX tbje gjnsurjs nince n sjrcjs ma pnrngjtjrs.
Durcei tbj lnkchrntcme, hy pusbcei huttme ‛D‗ me tbj ojyhmnrd, ymu lne
tmiikj me mr maa tbj QDKQ-anltmr wbclb, ce lnsj ma n lmrrjlt ‛kngps rjgmvjd‗
lnkchrntcme sbmukd stny >82, 14, <8 mr >1 (djpjedcei me tbj rjnltcvj pmwjr,
duj tm tbj uekmndjd trnesamrgjrs, ce rjinrds tm tbj tmtnk kmmp pmwjr durcei
tbcs lnkchrntcme).
Nt tbj jed ymu nrj prmgptjd tm snvj tbj rjsukts tm JJVXMG.
Neswjrcei ‛EM‗ icvjs tbj sngj rjsukt ns pusbcei ;J\L5 ojy. Tbj
gjnsurjgjets wckk emt hj snvjd.
Ybje nt n kntjr dntj mej mr gmrj kngps hkmw, tbj systjg lne lmgputj tbj
jxnlt eughjr ma djajltcvj kngps hy cetjrpmkntcei hjtwjje hmtb sjts ma
vnkujs.
Gcecgug Er
Tm mhtnce ne nllurntj lnkchrntcme gjnsurjgjets, tbjrj nrj n gcecgug
ma kngps tm eughjr ma kngps, wbclb gust hj rjgmvjd djpjedcei me tbj systjg
rjgmvj lmeaciurntcme. Ce gmst lnsjs 4 kngps wckk hj suaaclcjetky tm pjramrg tbj
lnkchrntcme, mtbjrwcsj
mtbjrwcsj smgj gmrj kngps bnvj tm hj rjgmvjd.
(Ca tbj djtjltjd QDKQ-anltmr dmjs emt rjnlb tbj gcecgug vnkuj ma >1, ct wckk
hj ejljssnry tm celrjnsj tbj eughjr ma uekmndjd trnesamrgjrs mr tm
celrjnsj tbj kmmp kjeitb (Gjeu A9) tm pjramrg
pjra mrg tbj lnkchrntcme.
Tm nhmrt Hmtb lnkchrntcmes lne hj nhmrtjd hy pusbcei tbj ;J\L5 ojy.

o jy.
>4
9.:.< Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj JAD gmdukj
Vrjkcgcenry Hjamrj lnkchrntcei0

lnkchrntcei0
ca ymu lbneij smgj pnrngjtjrs, dme–t amrijt tm snvj tbj lbneijs ce tbj
JJVXMG (ca ejljssnry.)
ejljssnry.)
JAD gmdj JAD lnkchrntcme cs meky nkkmwjd

nkkmwjd ca tbj
t bj gmdukj cs ce ‛lmetceumus‗ gmdj.
JAD Tm lnkchrntj tbj JAD gmdukj lmgpkjtjky, nltcvntj ce tbj A1 gjeu tbj
lnkchrntcme lnkchrntcme pnrngjtjr ‛Aukk lnkchrntcme‗.
Vrmljjd ns amkkmw 0
- mpje tbj ausjd ceput swctlb ma tbj GLX.
- jnrtb tbj sjrcjs lcrluct.
- dcslmeejlt tbj JAD gmdukj armg tbj sjrcjs lcrluct hy dcslmeejltcei
dcslmeejltcei tbj
BQ wcrj me tbj VLH><2> ned VLH><24.
- lkmsj tbj ausjd ceput swctlb.
- amkkmw tbj cestrultcmes wrcttje me tbj slrjje
Ct cs n aukky
a ukky nutmgntcl mpjrntcme
mpjrntcme ned tjrgcentjs wctb n gjssnij ca ne jrrmr
mllurs
- snvj tbcs pnrngjtjrcsntcme ce tbj JJprmg.
- mpje tbj ausjd ceput swctlb ma tbj GLX
- rjlmeejlt tbj JAD tm tbj sjrcjs lcrluct.
- lkmsj tbj ausjd ceput swctlb
>:
9.:.4 Bmw tm lnkchrntj tbj GLX
Cetrmdultcme
Ybje tbj GLX kjnvjs tbj anltmry, ct cs aukky lnkchrntjd. Gmrjmvjr tbjrj nrj
em pmtjetcmgjtjrs, wbclb lne lbneij tbjcr vnkuj hjlnusj ma nijcei.
\tckk, ca me sctj smgj lmgpmejets bnvj tm hj jxlbneijd, ct gny hjlmgj
ejljssnry tm rjlnkchrntj tbj GLX.
Vnrngjtjrs tm
Tbjrj nrj 1 pnrngjtjrs tm hj lnkchrntjd0
hj lnkchrntjd
• Mutput vmktnij,
• Mutput lurrjet,
• Mutput pmwjr,
• Ceput vmktnij,
• Ceput lurrjet,
• Ceput pmwjr.
GLX kmnd Nkk ma tbj nhmvj pnrngjtjrs jxljpt tbj gnces vmktnij lne meky hj lnkchrntjd
ca tbj GLX cs suaaclcjetky kmndjd. Cedjjd ct cs wmrsj tbne usjkjss tm try ned
lnkchrntj j.i. tbj mutput vmktnij wctb meky n sgnkk kmnd lmeejltjd.
Ynrecei Ybje ymu sjkjlt n lnkchrntcme pnrngjtjr n Ynrecei

Ynrecei gjssnij
gjssnij nppjnrs metm
gjssnij tbj dcspkny tm lnutcme ymu. Smu lne tbje nhmrt tbj mpjrntcme hy bcttcei J\L
mr lmetceuj hy bcttcei ney mtbjr ojy.
o jy.
GLX Jxljpt amr tbj mutput lurrjet, tbj emrgnk sjqujelj ma jvjets cs tbnt tbj VL
lnkchrntcme amrljs tbj GLX tm tbj gnxcgug stjp, wncts n hct, tbje prmgpts ymu tm rjnd
tbj vnkuj dcspknyjd me wbntjvjr cestrugjet lmeejltjd ned tbje typj tbcs
vnkuj me tbj VL ojyhmnrd.
Ybje tbj ;JETJX5 ojy cs bct, nkk ejljssnry lmrrjltcme anltmrs nrj
lmgputjd ned trnesgcttjd tm tbj GLX. Tbj GLX tbje rjtures tm tbj stjp
tbnt wns prjvcmusky
prjvcmusky sjkjltjd.
Mutput Tbj lnkchrntcme ma tbj mutput lurrjet cs skcibtky dcaajrjet.

lurrjet Ct nksm amrljs tbj GLX tm tbj gnxcgug mutput lurrjet, tbje ct rjqucrjs ymu tm
lnkchrntcme bct tbj ;up5 mr ;dmwe5 nrrmw huttmes uetck tbj ngpjrjgjtjr lmeejltjd ce
sjrcjs wctb tbj mutput rjnds tbj emgcenk vnkuj
vnkuj (j.i. 1.1 N).
>1

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NG.61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme 4.6

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

Xjlmrd ma Lbneij NG 61.<:6j-GY - Guktcwcrj

Xjvcscme Djslrcptcme Jdctmr Lbjlojd Dntj

8.6 Zpdntj tm smatwnrj vjrscme >.8> TRN XH 8/ 32

8.> Cetrmdultcme ma XQ - DQ tjrgcenks ned Lut-mut \LM TRN XH :/ 32

4.6 Xjvcsjd bmuscei ned pmwjr trnesamrgjr GLX 4 up tm D\J XH >6/66

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

Vkjnsj, rjnd tbcs lnrjaukky hjamrj cestnkkcei tbj GLX!

Tbj tcp ma tbj smkdjrcei crme gust hj jnrtbjd.

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

Vkjnsj, rjnd tbcs lnrjaukky

H->3<6 Pnvjetjg - Hjkicug

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

\jltcme > Ijejrnk Ceamrgntcme ned Xjqucrjgjets 2

>.1.< Lmetrmk scienks ned hnlo cedclntcme 89

\jltcme 8 Cestnkkntcme 4<

\jltcme < Gncetjenelj 14

\jltcme 4 Trmuhkjsbmmtcei 1:

\jltcme : Vnrts kcst 94

\jltcme 1 Drnwceis 28

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

\jltcme 9 VL lmetrmk ned gmectmrcei 38

9.8.4 GLX Dntnhnsj >66

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

TNHKJ >->0 GLX MZTVZT LCXLZCT QNKZJ\. 3

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

> \jltcme >

Ijejrnk Ceamrgntcme ned Xjqucrjgjets

Vurpmsj Tbcs cestrultcme gneunk prmvcdjs ijejrnk ceamrgntcme nhmut cestnkkntcme,

JGL - Nllmrdcei tm JE:662>-8,

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

>.8 Tjlbeclnk Djslrcptcme

>.8.> Tjlbeclnk Dntn

* 8: ned <6oQN, meky wctb <26 - 4>:Q

>.8.8 Mutput lcrluct vnkujs

Tnhkj >-> Tnhkj >->0 GLX mutput lcrluct vnkujs.

8.: oQN 1,1 <92 >23: :<6 9:6

8:oQN 1,1 <922 >2346 :<66 9436

> :6 Bz- XG\

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

>.8.< Lurrjet rjiukntcme kcgcts

Lmedctcmes • armg sbmrt lcrluct tm aukk kmnd

• amr emgcenk ceput vmktnij wctbce ¾ >: %

Kcgctntcmes • mpjrntcme armg -:% tm ->:% ma emgcenk

Xjnd`ustgjet Nktbmuib tbj emgcenk

>.8.4 XQ-DQ tjrgcenks ned Lutmut \LM

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

>.8.: Vmwjr anltmr ned jaaclcjely

Vmwjr Anltmr Nt emgcenk ceput

Jaaclcjely Nt emgcenk

* 0 emt me GLX 8.:oQN

Hjejacts ma • tbj pmwjr anltmr wckk hj mptcgcsjd

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

>.8.1 Kcibtecei prmtjltcme

Ijejrnk Kcibtecei cs n enturnk pbjemgjeme tbnt vnrcjs ce cetjescty ned arjqujely

NG 61.<:6j-GY Jdctcme <.8

>.< Hnscl lmeaciurntcmes

>.<.> Ijejrnk Qcjw

Djslrcptcme Jnlb stned-nkmej GLX wckk nlljpt, ce mej jelkmsurj,

Vclturj Aci >-80 GLX stned-nkmej uect