ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Primarily I would thank God for being able to

complete this project with success. Then I would like
to thank my teacher Dr. Mohd. Sikoh, Whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that help me
patch this project and make it full proof success. His
suggestions and his instructions have served as the
major contributor towards the completion of the
project .
Last but not the least I would like to thank my
classmates who have helped me a lot.

SHUBHAM KUMAR
ID NO- 3833
 1. The Role of Libraries in Education
Libraries-Origin
The origin of the first libraries can be traced to human efforts in the
document collection. Favorite topics would depend on accessibility,
acquisition, identifying the tools for arrangement in appropriate
order, the trade in books, getting hold of materials, their physical
properties, their language and its distribution, the part they play in
education, the level of literacy and the finances. Other factors would
include the areas of staffing, targeting specific audiences, its
inseparable role in the development of the cultural heritage of the
country involved, not to speak of the involvement of private
sponsorship, the Church or the government in its affairs. Digitization
and computerization started playing a major role since its advent in
the 1960s.

The earliest library records could be traced to cuneiform script 2600

BC clay tablets, the papyrus temple records from ancient Egypt, the
Nippur libraries of 1900 BC and the thirty thousand clay tablets from
700 BC in a classified library system in Nineveh, highlighting the
scrupulous work on religion, administration and literary skills of the
Mesopotamian scholars that will mesmerize the modern
enthusiasts. Among these tablets was also “Enuma Elish” or the
“Epic of Creation” that presents the Babylonian concept of the “Epic
of Gilgamesh.”

The inseparable relationship between the libraries and education

started way back in the Byzantium or Constantinople (the ancient
city of Thrace in modern Turkey’s Istanbul that the Greeks founded
in the seventh century). Monks wrote incessantly in Scriptoriums
(Rooms in monasteries earmarked for manuscript writing), to
preserve and accumulate the results of their Hellenistic thoughts on
what became large libraries that were solely devoted to the monks’
education in spiritual advancement. Throughout Europe’s dark
ages, most of the Greco-Roman classics were preserved by these
monastery scriptoriums, reviving in its wake, the tradition of
orthodox libraries and education models that, in turn, were
instrumental in the progressive development of libraries and
intellectual culture and learning that were inevitable with the vast
resources at hand. 18th century history, educational materials and
Buddhist scriptures, stored in “Pitakataik” a library that founded by
King Mindon Min during the pre-colonial era as one of the eight
structures that were established in honor of naming Mandalay as
his capital), further reinforced the destinies of libraries with
education. Library and education thus became symbiotically and
inexorably dependent on one another. Over the years, we have
learned that the library; education, literacy and national
development always went hand in hand and have influenced
everyone from the primary school students to the highest levels of
education, not to speak of the informal medium of adult literacy.

How Library Aesthetics affects Student Behavior

When a new library is being designed, “future proofing” is an

important ingredient in the criteria for success. Strong floors, good
lighting and good ventilation will go a long way in promoting the
adaptability and flexibility for posterity. Today, aesthetics are always
built more around the personality of the people who will use it. In
other words, people take priority over structures, unlike the earlier
times when the collection of works in the library was considered
paramount.

A beautiful building housing a library will rekindle the passions of

the students, and entice their elements to experience the library in
its new glory as a resourceful learning space in place of an
outmoded structure that hardly offers them the atmosphere or
environment for advancement in their own special disciplines.
Though a conclusion is yet to come on the benefits of space well
designed and its effects on the student population, indications are
very much leaning to the affirmative.

Library Resources and Their Role in Education

Educational efforts over several years have seen the positive

involvement of libraries in education by offering their referral
services, information and teaching resources. Individual tutoring
programs and educational classes, besides their outreach to
specific people’s groups with educational handicaps taken up now
by libraries, alludes to their active and enhanced involvement in
education. Distribution of resource materials to institutions,
including hospitals, prisons, homes for the disabled and aged,
rehabilitation centers and groups with education related problems
and adolescents involved in crime, unemployment and the like,
makes a visible impact on their education.

Nowadays, some libraries invite uneducated parents to learn

interactive language skills that help them to teach their young ones,
while others invite whole families for book talks and reading
classes.

From the dawn of civilization to the contemporary age, the

accumulation of information is a direct result of man’s insatiable
pursuit of knowledge, and ever since the invention of writing paper
and the advent of the computers, Libraries have taken on an
aggressive role in the preservation of information written by wise
men, with a vigor and enthusiasm in furthering the cause of
academic research and education, and catering to the needs of
millions of aspirants for information.

Library’s Role in Distance Learning

The involvement of libraries in correspondence-education, merits

discussion as more and more students and working men and
women are opting for distance learning using tutorials with screen
capture or Screen cast that mount educational information using a
bevy of tools like multi-modal media in lieu of physical classrooms,
to gain student course contentment.

The libraries who prepare the correspondence courses, mail it to

the students, but in many cases, reference access to library support
is unavailable, except those accessible in the regional centers.

The past years have seen a radical shift to the OER or Open
Educational Courses that have brought about a deep-seated
transformation in the educational system the world over and the
university libraries are striving hard to remove the vestiges of the
challenges in the system in their legal, technical and political
aspects. Harnessed properly, the OER is certain to deliver its
benefits to aspiring students and employed people who find it
difficult and inconvenient to attend regular classes.

The Role of E-Learning in Education

Electronic learning, or e-learning, refers to computer-enhanced

learning. It also refers to research, learning, and teaching in the
digital environment. Higher education is growing more dependent
on e-learning for its advantages of convenience, flexibility and the
option to work from any point with internet availability at your own
pace.

E-learning or electronic learning is a computer based learning that

uses a digital environment to teach and learn.

The concept of libraries has undergone a revolution with the advent

of Information and Communication Technology. Now, a digital library
is equipped with storage of digital collections, infrastructure and
services to sustain lifelong learning, protection of recorded
information and intellectual communiqué.
We are fast progressing into the realm of visual learning. Digital
technology is changing the way we read. Digital libraries with its
perception on visualization are the need of the hour for schools,
colleges, universities and even for higher education. Textbooks,
audio lessons, videos and tutorials in digital formats can radically
transform the educational system in both rural and suburban areas,
by leaps and bounds. Advanced digital technologies throw open the
door for educators to reinvent visual learning. Educators can now
integrate visual education with digital learning by a useful merger of
the teaching process with image technologies. Charts and digital
images now play an important role in creating an information
platform.

With the advent and advancement of the E-libraries, education is

set to become even more accessible, resourceful and quality
oriented to students using computers or tablets.
 2. LIBRARY SOURCES AND SERVICES

Information plays a vital role in this digital environment. This has

become because of the technological advancements and changing
information needs of the users. Technology has dominated all
spheres of human activity and the libraries are not and exception
one. The new storage media have appeared after the invention of
storage devices like microforms, magnetic tapes, compact discs
etc. have found their places in modern libraries and are playing vital
role in storage and dissemination of information. Since the
mid-eighties, development in computer technology has established
a new platform for the use of information technologies for libraries
and information centers. These developments includes spreading of
high performance and cost effective computers, local area
networks, high bandwidth of internet of internet, digitization of
printed information, and high-density storage and distribution media
such as CD-ROM’s/DVDs. Due to development in technological
advancements, sources like electronic journals, e-books, e-
databases, pre-prints, numerical and graphical data, library
catalogue, educational materials, patents, standards, and so on are
available on the Web. Apart from providing lot of information, the
web also provides lots of information services like table of content
page, electronic document delivery reference service over the web,
database access, indexing and abstracting, referral service,
bibliographic search and so on. The availability of information in the
electronic media has created an opportunity for global access to
information.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources

Sources of information or evidence are often categorized as

primary, secondary, or tertiary material. These classifications are
based on the originality of the material and the proximity of the
source or origin. This informs the reader as to whether the author is
reporting information that is first hand or is conveying the
experiences and opinions of others which is considered second
hand. Determining if a source is primary, secondary or tertiary can
be tricky. Below you will find a description of the three categories of
information and examples to help you make a determination.

Primary Sources

These sources are records of events or evidence as they are first

described or actually happened without any interpretation or
commentary. It is information that is shown for the first time or
original materials on which other research is based. Primary
sources display original thinking, report on new discoveries, or
share fresh information.

Examples of primary sources:

Theses, dissertations, scholarly journal articles (research based),
some government reports, symposia and conference proceedings,
original artwork, poems, photographs, speeches, letters, memos,
personal narratives, diaries, interviews, autobiographies, and
correspondence.

Secondary Sources

These sources offer an analysis or restatement of primary sources.

They often try to describe or explain primary sources. They tend to
be works which summarize, interpret, reorganize, or otherwise
provide an added value to a primary source.

Examples of Secondary Sources:

Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or review
research works, histories, biographies, literary criticism and
interpretation, reviews of law and legislation, political analyses and
commentaries.

Tertiary Sources

These are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest

other sources. Some reference materials and textbooks are
considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list,
summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary
sources are usually not credited to a particular author.

Examples of Tertiary Sources:

Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary), almanacs, fact
books, Wikipedia, bibliographies (may also be secondary),
directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and textbooks (may
be secondary), indexing and abstracting sources.

E- RESOURCES

Resources are nothing but digital collection meant to provide

solution to regular and control the fast rating information explosion
in then the recent year. More ever electronic recourses consist of
materials that are computer controlled including materials that
requires the use of a peripheral attached to computer. and
resources are those resources, which is stored electronically and
that can be accessible through electronic system and networks
there are several types of electronic resources available and these
e-resources consists of wide varieties of materials includes
information in any electronic form such as CD-ROM, online, data
bases, e-Journals e-books, ETD, OPAC, internet resources and any
type of digital resources.
 NEEDS OF E-RESOURCES

We Need E-Resources so that:

Users may be able to access lattes information
User can save their time.
Space problems in library can be solved.
Easy accessibility and dissemination of them can be done by the
users.
Download can be done instantly.
Users can read E-resources at any time.
E-resources can be taking anywhere on portable computer.
Font size can be changed suitable.
E-resources provide facility to hold and turn pages easily.
More interactive in comparison to print media.
Background music and animation can be done.
User does not require binding and repair.
They save human resources for shelving and rectification.
User cannot misplace e-books.

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

E- DATA BASES
E- JOURNALS
E –BOOKS
OPAC
CD-ROM

ELECTRONIC DATABASES

An electronic database consists of electronic controlled access to it

by their commercial providers. The first abstracting services such as
Biological Abstracts, Index Medicos, Chemical Abstracts, etc. By
the year 1988, only half of all databases were bibliographic in
nature With introduction of a number of online databases containing
textual information, news, statistics commodity prices, etc., a third
type of databases holding text of full-length documents started
appearing. Several full -text of encyclopedia, directories and articles
from journals are now available online. Most of the publishers now
provide access to their full-text journals through their web site or
through other electronic publishing platforms. While there are a
number of public-domain databases, most online databases require
annual subscription for accessing them. Thousands of databases
are now available on compact discs (CD-ROM) as well as on the
Web.

ELECTRONIC JOURNALS

Electronic journals, or “e-journals”, are used for those journals and

newsletters that are prepared and distributed electronically.
Electronic journals may be defined very broadly as any journal
magazine, e-zine, webzine, newsletter or type of electronic serial
publication which is available over the Internet and can be
accessed using different technologies such as WWW, Gopher,
ftp,telnet, e-mail or listserv. Several traditional journals are now
available on the Web or distributed to subscribers as an e-mail text
messages or through technologies like RSS and Atom. Internet-
based electronic journals to appear in the beginning of 1990. These
journals were mostly delivered as an attachment to –mail while their
back issues were mounted on anonymous ftp sites and users were
required to download them from these ftp sites. The libraries and
information centers made them accessible through their gopher
site. 1995 witnessed peak f Gopher technology which then dropped
suddenly and dramatically by 1997. With advent of WWW
technology in 1993, electronic publishing became more than a
novelty, the web as a means of delivery of electronic information
has grown steadily since then. As publisher experiment with
different publication modes and models, the very definition of a
journal is undergoing change in the electronic environment. New
journals have evolved based on the graphic capabilities of the
Internet that are available only in electronic form.
Like print journals, current and archival issues of electronic journals
can be browsed through their content pages. Moreover, e-journals
can also be searched not only on their metadata but also in full-text
through sophisticated search interface. Currently, there are more
than 50, 000 peer-reviewed scholarly electronic journals that are
available on the Internet.

ELECTRONIC BOOKS

An electronic book is digital reading material that a user can view

on a desktop or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) laptop or on a
dedicated, portable device with a large storage capacity and the
ability to download new titles via a network connection. More and
more traditional book publishers, as well as those catering to the
professional and business communities, are launching their e-book
collections.
The electronic books market consists of two distinct component i.e.
(electronic books consisting of digital material or contents, and ii)
electronic book hardware including e-book reading appliance, PCs,
laptop or PDA. The digital material or content that can be
transported any digital storage media or delivered over a network
connection. It designed to be viewed on some combination of
hardware and software ranging from dumb terminals to web
browsers, on personal computers to the new reading appliances.

OPAC

Remote access to the library catalogues (OPAC) was possible only

through a telnet connection before the Web was launched. The
Web-based interfaces are now available for mast of the integrated
library software packages including Libsys. Websites are
increasingly providing links to their WEBOPAC instead of talent
links to their library OPAC.
Exploiting the provisions of hyper linking to other records in a
WEB-OPAC are hyperlinks to other records in the database.

CD-ROM

Compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) is plastic disc storage

medium. Unlike other storage mediums. Such as tapes, floppy disc.
Hard disc etc. Which is based on the principal of magnetism,
CD-ROMs are based on the use of light. But, nothing can be written
on it. Scientific periodicals, books in print, BNB etc. are now
available on CD-ROM.

ADVANTAGES OF E-RESOURCES

The reasons for actually embarking on the purchasing of electronic

resources are generally accepted because of the ease of usability,
readability, affordability and accessibility. The following are the
advantages of e-resources over the print media
1) Multi-access: A networked product can provide multiple points of
access at multiple points in time (24 hours a day. 7 days a week)
and to multiple simultaneous users.
2) Speed: An electronic resource is lot quicker to browse or search,
to extract information from, and to integrate that information into
other material and to cross-search or reference between different
publications.
3) Functionality: E-resource will allow the user to approach the
publications to analyze its content in new ways by click of the
mouse on search mode.
4) Content: The e- resources can contain a vast amount of
information, but more importantly the material can consist of mixed
media i.e. images, video, audio animation which could not be
replaced in print.