Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)
Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) When K >> 1, the forward reaction is favored and essentially goes to completion.
B) When K << 1, the reverse reaction is favored and the forward reaction does not proceed to a great
extent.
C) When K ≈ 1, neither the forward or reverse reaction is strongly favored, and about the same amount
of reactants and products exist at equilibrium.
D) K >> 1 implies that the reaction is very fast at producing products.
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14.3
2) Give the direction of the reaction, if K >> 1.

A) The forward reaction is favored.
B) The reverse reaction is favored.
C) Neither direction is favored.
D) If the temperature is raised, then the forward reaction is favored.
E) If the temperature is raised, then the reverse reaction is favored.
Answer: A
3) Give the direction of the reaction, if K << 1.

Answer: B
4) Give the direction of the reaction, if K ≈ 1.

Answer: C
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Express the equilibrium constant for the following reaction.
16 CH3Cl(g) + 8 Cl2(g) ⇔ 16 CH2Cl2(g) + 8 H2(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: B
6) The equilibrium constant is given for one of the reactions below. Determine the value of the missing
equilibrium constant.
H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr(g) K c = 3.8 × 104

2 HBr(g) ⇌ H2(g) + Br2(g) Kc = ?
A) 1.9 × 104
B) 5.3 × 10-5
C) 2.6 × 10-5
D) 6.4 × 10-4
E) 1.6 × 103
Answer: C
2
H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr(g) Kc = 3.8 × 104

4 HBr(g) ⇌ 2 H2(g) + 2 Br2(g) Kc = ?
A) 1.9 × 104
B) 5.1 × 10-3
C) 2.6 × 10-5
D) 6.9 × 10-10
E) 1.6 × 103
Answer: D
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 106

SO3(g) ⇌ 1/2 O 2(g) + SO 2(g) Kc = ?
A) 3.4 × 102
B) 8.5
C) 1.3 × 103
D) 1.2 × 10-6
E) 7.7 × 10-4
Answer: E
9) The equilibrium constant is given for two of the reactions below. Determine the value of the missing
A(g) + B(g) ⇌ AB(g) Kc = 0.24

AB(g) + A(g) ⇌ A2B(g) K c = 3.8
2 A(g) + B(g) ⇌ A2B(g) Kc = ?
A) 4.0
B) 0.91
C) 3.6
D) 16
E) 0.063
Answer: B
3
10) The equilibrium constant is given for two of the reactions below. Determine the value of the
missing equilibrium constant.
A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ AB2(g) Kc = 59

AB2(g) + B(g) ⇌ AB3(g) Kc = ?
A(g) + 3B(g) ⇌ AB3(g) K c = 478
A) 3.5 × 10-5
B) 2.8 × 104
C) 8.1
D) 0.12
E) 89
Answer: C
11) The equilibrium constant is given for two of the reactions below. Determine the value of the
missing equilibrium constant.
2A(g) + B(g) ⇌ A2B(g) Kc = ?

A2B(g) + B(g) ⇌ A2B2(g) K c = 16.4
2A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ A2B2(g) K c = 28.2
A) 11.8
B) 0.00216
C) 0.582
D) 462
E) 1.72
Answer: E
12) What is Δn for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: B
4
N 2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO 2(g)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: E
C3H8(g) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ 3 CO 2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -3
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: C
4 NH3(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: E
SO 3(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO 2(g) + NO 2(g)
A) 0
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: A
5
17) In which of the following reactions will K c = Kp?
A) 4 NH3(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
B) SO 3(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO 2(g) + NO 2(g)
C) 2 N 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N 2O(g)
D) 2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)
E) None of the above reactions have K c = Kp.
Answer: B
18) The reaction below has a K p value of 3.3 x 10-5. What is the value of K c for this reaction at 700 K?
2 SO 3(g) ⇌ 2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g)
A) 5.7 × 10-7
B) 1.7 × 106
C) 3.3 × 10-5
D) 3.0 × 104
E) 1.9 × 10-3
Answer: A
P4(s) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ P4O 10(s)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K = [O 2]-5
D) K = [O 2]5
E) K =
Answer: C
6
P4O10(s) ⇌ P4(s) + 5 O 2(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K = [O 2]-5
D) K = [O 2]5
E) K =
Answer: D
21) Determine the value of K c for the following reaction if the equilibrium concentrations are as
follows: [P4O10]eq = 2.000 moles, [P4]eq = 3.000 moles, [O 2]eq = 4.000 M
P4O10(s) ⇌ P4(s) + 5 O 2(g)
A) 20.00
B) 4.000
C) 1.320
D) 1536
E) 1024
Answer: E
follows: [N 2]eq = 3.6 M, [O 2]eq = 4.1 M, [N 2O]eq = 3.3 × 10-18 M.
2 N 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N 2O(g)
A) 2.2 × 10-19
B) 4.5 × 1018
C) 2.0 × 10-37
D) 5.0 × 1036
E) 4.9 × 10-17
Answer: C
7
follows: [N 2]eq = 1.5 M, [H2]eq = 1.1 M, [NH3]eq = 0.47 M.
N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)
A) 3.5
B) 0.28
C) 9.1
D) 0.11
E) 0.78
Answer: D
follows: [HCl]eq = 0.13 M, [HI]eq = 5.6 × 10-16 M, [Cl2]eq = 0.0019 M.
2 HCl(g) + I2(s) ⇌ 2 HI(g) + Cl2(g)
A) 8.2 × 10-18
B) 2.8 × 1031
C) 1.2 × 1017
D) 1.4 × 10-19
E) 3.5 × 10-32
Answer: E
follows: [HCl]eq = 0.13 M, [HI]eq = 5.6 × 10-16 M, [Cl2]eq = 0.0019 M.
2 HI(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 HCl(g) + I2(s)
A) 8.2 × 10-18
B) 2.8 × 1031
C) 1.2 × 1017
D) 1.4 × 10-19
E) 3.5 × 10-32
Answer: B
8
26) Determine the value of K p for the following reaction if the equilibrium concentrations are as
follows: P(CO)eq = 6.8 × 10-11 atm, P(O 2)eq = 1.3 × 10-3 atm, P(CO 2)eq = 0.041 atm.
2 CO(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 CO 2(g)
A) 3.6 × 10-21
B) 2.8 × 1020
C) 4.6 × 1011
D) 2.2 × 10-12
E) 3.6 × 10-15
Answer: B
27) Calculate the value of [N 2]eq if [H2]eq = 2.0 M, [NH3]eq = 0.5 M, and K c = 2.
N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)
A) 0.016 M
B) 0.031 M
C) 0.062 M
D) 0.40 M
E) 62.5 M
Answer: A
28) Calculate P [NO]eq, if P [NOCl]eq = 0.33 atm, P [Cl2]eq = 0.50 atm, and K p = 1.9 x 10-2.
2 NOCl(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
A) 1.7 atm
B) 0.0042 atm
C) 0.30 atm
D) 0.064 atm
E) 0.087 atm
Answer: D
29) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse
reaction.
B) The equilibrium constant for the forward reaction is equal to the equilibrium constant for the reverse
reaction.
C) A reaction quotient (Q) larger than the equilibrium constant (K) means that the reaction will favor the
production of more products.
D) Dynamic equilibrium indicates that the amount of reactants and products are equal.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: A
9
30) In a reaction mixture containing only reactants, what is the value of Q?
A) -1
B) 1
C) ∞
D) 0
E) It cannot be determined without concentrations.
Answer: D
31) In a reaction mixture containing only products, what is the value of Q?

A) -1
B) 1
C) ∞
D) 0
Answer: C
32) In a reaction mixture containing reactants and products, each at a concentration of 1M, what is the
value of Q?
A) -1
B) 1
C) ∞
D) 0
Answer: B

A) If Q < K, it means the reverse reaction will proceed to form more reactants.
B) If Q > K, it means the forward reaction will proceed to form more products.
C) If Q = K, it means the reaction is at equilibrium.
D) All of the above are true.
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: C

A) If Q < K, it means the reverse reaction will proceed to form more reactants.
B) If Q > K, it means the reverse reaction will proceed to form more reactants.
C) If Q = K, it means the reaction is not at equilibrium.
Answer: B
10
A) If Q < K, it means the forward reaction will proceed to form more products.
B) If Q > K, it means the forward reaction will proceed to form more products.
C) If Q = K, it means the reaction is not at equilibrium.
Answer: A
36) Consider the following reaction, equilibrium concentrations, and equilibrium constant at a particular
temperature. Determine the equilibrium concentration of H2O(g).
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ C2H5OH(g) Kc = 9.0 × 103
[C2H4]eq = 0.015 M [C2H5OH]eq = 1.69 M
A) 9.9 × 10-7 M
B) 80. M
C) 1.0 M
D) 1.68 M
E) 0.013 M
Answer: E
temperature. Determine the equilibrium concentration of SO 3(g).
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 108
[SO 2]eq = 0.0034 M [O2]eq = 0.0018 M
A) 1.9 M
B) 1.0 × 103 M
C) 0.53 M
D) 9.6 x 10-4 M
E) 0.73 M
Answer: A
11
temperature. Determine the equilibrium concentration of SO 3(g).
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 108
[SO 3]eq = 0.0034 M [O2]eq = 0.0018 M
A) 2.8 x 1013 M
B) 1.88 M
C) 6.1 x 10-6 M
D) 1.0 x 103 M
E) 1.4 M
Answer: C
temperature. Determine the equilibrium pressure of H2.
D2(g) + H2(g) ⇌ 2 HD(g) Kp = 1.80
P(D2)eq = 1.1 × 10-3 atm P(HD)eq = 2.7 × 10-3 atm
A) 2.7 atm
B) 1.4 atm
C) 0.73 atm
D) 3.7 × 10-3 atm
E) 8.1 × 10-4 atm
Answer: D
temperature. Determine the equilibrium pressure of CO.
CO(g) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(l) Kp = 2.25 × 104
P(H2)eq = 0.52 atm
A) 8.3 x 104 atm

B) 1.2 x 10-5 atm
C) 6.25 x 10-3 atm
D) 8.5 x 10-5 atm
E) 1.6 x 10-4 atm
Answer: E
12
41) Consider the following reaction:
Xe(g) + 2 F2(g) → XeF4(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 2.24 atm Xe and 4.27 atm F 2. If the equilibrium pressure of Xe is
0.34 atm, find the equilibrium constant (K p) for the reaction.
A) 25
B) 0.12
C) 0.99
D) 8.3
E) 0.040
Answer: A
CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) ⇌ CS2(g) + 4 H2(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 0.50 M CH4 and 0.75 M H2S. If the equilibrium concentration of
H2 is 0.44 M, find the equilibrium constant (K c) for the reaction.
A) 0.23
B) 0.038
C) 2.9
D) 10.
E) 0.34
Answer: B
COCl2(g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 1.6 M COCl2. Determine the equilibrium concentration of CO if
Kc for the reaction at this temperature is 8.33 × 10 -4. Calculate this based on the assumption that the
answer is negligible compared to 1.6.
A) 4.2 × 10-4 M
B) 1.5 × 10-3 M
C) 3.7 × 10-2 M
D) 2.1 × 10-2 M
E) 1.3 × 10-3 M
Answer: C
13
CuS(s) + O 2(g) ⇌ Cu(s) + SO 2(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 2.9 M O 2. Determine the equilibrium concentration of O 2 if K c for
the reaction at this temperature is 1.5.
A) 1.9 M
B) 1.7 M
C) 2.2 M
D) 1.2 M
E) 0.59 M
Answer: D
2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 2.8 M H2O and 2.6 M SO 2. Determine the equilibrium
concentration of H2S if K c for the reaction at this temperature is 1.3 × 10 -6.
A) 0.045 M
B) 0.058 M
C) 0.028 M
D) 3.1 × 10-3 M
E) 0.12 M
Answer: E
CO 2(g) + C(graphite) ⇌ 2 CO(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 0.56 atm CO 2 and 0.32 atm CO. Determine the equilibrium
pressure of CO if K p for the reaction at this temperature is 2.25.
A) 0.83 atm
B) 0.31 atm
C) 0.26 atm
D) 0.58 atm
E) 0.42 atm
Answer: A
14
NO(g) + SO 3(g) ⇌ NO 2(g) + SO 2(g)
A reaction mixture initially contains 0.86 atm NO and 0.86 atm SO 3. Determine the equilibrium
pressure of NO 2 if Kp for the reaction at this temperature is 0.0118.
A) 0.78 atm
B) 0.084 atm
C) 0.012 atm
D) 0.85 atm
E) 0.048 atm
Answer: B
48) The following reaction is exothermic. Which change will shift the equilibrium to the left?
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)
A) raising the temperature

B) adding SO 3
C) removing O 2
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
2 SO 2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)

B) decrease pressure
C) increase volume
D) all of the above
Answer: D
15
50) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding more SO 3 have on the
system?
SO 2(g) + NO 2(g) ⇌ SO 3(g) + NO(g)
A) The reaction will shift in the direction of products.

B) The reaction will shift to decrease the pressure.
C) No change will occur since SO 3 is not included in the equilibrium expression.
D) The reaction will shift in the direction of reactants.
E) The equilibrium constant will decrease.
Answer: D
51) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will removing NO 2 have on the
system?
SO 2(g) + NO 2(g) ⇌ SO 3(g) + NO(g)

B) The reaction will shift to decrease the pressure.
C) No change will occur since SO 3 is not included in the equilibrium expression.
Answer: D
52) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding more H2S have on the
system?
2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g)
A) The reaction will shift to the left.

B) No change will be observed.
C) The equilibrium constant will decrease.
D) The equilibrium constant will increase.
E) The reaction will shift in the direction of products.
Answer: E
16
53) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will removing H2O have on the
system?
2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g)
A) The reaction will shift to the left.

B) No change will be observed.
E) The reaction will shift in the direction of products.
Answer: E
54) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will increasing the volume of the
reaction mixture have on the system?
2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g)
A) The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products.

B) No effect will be observed.
C) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants.
D) The equilibrium constant will decrease.
E) The equilibrium constant will increase.
Answer: C
55) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will increasing the pressure of the
2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g)

Answer: A
17
56) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding 1 mole of Ar to the reaction
mixture have on the system?
2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g)

Answer: B
57) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding some C have on the system?
A) No effect will be observed since C is not included in the equilibrium expression.

B) The equilibrium constant will decrease.
E) The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products.
Answer: A
58) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding CO 2 have on the system?
A) No effect will be observed since CO 2 is not included in the equilibrium expression.

Answer: E
59) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will reducing the volume of the reaction
CuS(s) + O 2(g) ⇌ Cu(s) + SO 2(g)
A) The equilibrium constant will decrease.

C) The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products.
E) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants.
Answer: B
18
60) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will increasing the pressure of the
CuS(s) + O 2(g) ⇌ Cu(s) + SO 2(g)
A) The equilibrium constant will decrease.

C) The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products.
E) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants.
Answer: B
61) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will reducing the volume of the reaction
Xe(g) + 2 F2(g) → XeF4(g)
A) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants.

B) The equilibrium constant will increase.
C) No effect will be observed.
D) The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products.
Answer: D
62) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will reducing the pressure of the
Xe(g) + 2 F2(g) → XeF4(g)

C) No effect will be observed.
Answer: A
19
63) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will increasing the temperature have on
the system?
Fe3O 4(s) + CO(g) ⇌ 3 FeO(s) + CO 2(g) ΔH°= +35.9 kJ

D) No effect will be observed.
Answer: E
64) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will decreasing the temperature have on
the system?
CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) ⇌ CH4(g) + 2 O 2(g) ΔH° = +890 kJ

C) The equilibrium constant will increase.
E) No effect will be observed.
Answer: A
65) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will increasing the temperature have on
the system?
C3H8(g) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ 3 CO 2(g) + 4 H2O(l) ΔH° = -2220 kJ

B) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants.
Answer: B
20
66) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will reducing the volume have on the
system?

Answer: A
67) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will reducing the pressure have on the
system?

Answer: B
Algorithmic Questions
4 CH3Cl(g) + 2 Cl2(g) ⇔ 4 CH2Cl2(g) + 2 H2(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: A
21
6 N2(g) + 18 H2(g) ⇔ 12 NH3(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: C
12 NH3(g) ⇔ 6 N 2(g) + 18 H2(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: D
22
4PCl5(g) ⇌ 4PCl3(g) + 4Cl2(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: D
5H2(g) + 5Br2(g) ⇌ 10 HBr(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: E
23
8 P(g) + 12 Cl2(g) ⇌ 8 PCl3(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: A
P(g) + 3/2 Cl2(g) ⇌ PCl3(g)
A) K =
B) K =
C) K =
D) K =
E) K =
Answer: C
24
2 HD(g) ⇌ H2(g) + D2(g) K c = 0.28

6 H2(g) + 6 D2(g) ⇌ 12 HD(g) Kc = ?
A) 0.00048
B) 1.2
C) 1.62
D) 2075
E) 0.81
Answer: D
N 2O 4(g) ⇌ 2 NO 2(g) K c = 1.46

5 N2O4(g) ⇌ 10 NO 2(g) Kc = ?
A) 1.46
B) 0.292
C) 6.63
D) 1.08
E) 7.30
Answer: C
10) For the reaction: N 2(g) + 2 O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO 2(g), Kc = 8.3 × 10-10 at 25°C. What is the concentration
of N 2 gas at equilibrium when the concentration of NO 2 is five times the concentration of O 2 gas?
A) 3.3 × 10-11 M
B) 1.7 × 10-10 M
C) 6.0 × 109 M
D) 3.0 × 1010 M
Answer: D
25
11) The Kp for the reaction below is 1.49 × 108 at 100.0°C:
CO(g) + Cl2(g) → COCl2(g)
In an equilibrium mixture of the three gases, PCO = PCl2 = 2.22 × 10-4 atm. The partial pressure of the
product, phosgene (COCl2), is ________ atm.
A) 7.34
B) 3.02 × 1015
C) 3.31 × 10-16
D) 3.31 × 104
E) 6.67 × 1011
Answer: A
12) At 900.0 K, the equilibrium constant (K p) for the following reaction is 0.345.
2SO 2 + O 2(g) → 2SO 3(g)
At equilibrium, the partial pressure of SO2 is 35.0 atm and that of O 2 is 15.9 atm. The partial pressure of
SO3 is ________ atm.
A) 82.0
B) 4.21 ×
C) 192
D) 6.20 × 10-4
E) 40.2
Answer: A
13) The decomposition of ammonia is: 2 NH3(g) → N 2(g) + 3 H2(g). If Kp is 1.5 × 103 at 400°C, what
is the partial pressure of ammonia at equilibrium when N 2 is 0.10 atm and H2 is 0.15 atm?
A) 2.2 × 10-7 atm
B) 4.7 × 10-4 atm
C) 2.1 × 103 atm
D) 4.4 × 106 atm
Answer: B
26
14) Phosphorous trichloride and phosphorous pentachloride equilibrate in the presence of molecular
chlorine according to the reaction:
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) → PCl5(g)
An equilibrium mixture at 450 K contains

PPCl3 = 0.124 atm,
PCl2 = 0.157 atm, and
PPCl5 = 1.30 atm. What is the value of K p at this temperature?
A) 66.7
B) 1.50 ×
C) 2.53 × 10-2
D) 1.02
E) 4.63
Answer: A
N 2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 NCl3(g)
A) 4
B) -4
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: C
CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
A) -3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 0
Answer: D
27
17) In which of the following reactions will K c = Kp?
A) H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI(g)
B) CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
C) N 2O 4(g) ⇌ 2NO 2(g)
D) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)
E) N 2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 NCl3(g)
Answer: A
18) The reaction below has a K c value of 61. What is the value of K p for this reaction at 400 K?
N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)
A) 15
B) 61
C) 1.8
D) 5.7 × 10-2
E) 1.9 × 10-2
Answer: D
19) The reaction below has a K p value of 41. What is the value of K c for this reaction at 400 K?
N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)
A) 3.8 × 10-2
B) 4.4 × 104
C) 26
D) 2.3 × 10-5
E) 41
Answer: B
20) The reaction below has a K c value of 1.0 × 1012. What is the value of K p for this reaction at 200
K?
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)
A) 6.1 × 10-14
B) 1.0 × 1012
C) 1.6 × 10-11
D) 1.6 × 1013
E) 6.1 × 1010
Answer: E
28
21) What is △n for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?
P4(s) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ P4O 10(s)
A) 3
B) 4
C) -2
D) -6
E) -5
Answer: E
2 Rb(s) + 2 H2O(l) ⇌ 2 RbOH(aq) + H2(g)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: A
KBrO 3(s) ⇌ KBrO(s) + O2(g)
A) 3
B) -1
C) -2
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: E
24) For which reaction will K p = Kc?

A) C(s) + O 2(g) ⇌ CO 2(g)
B) 2 HgO(s) ⇌ Hg(l) + O 2(g)
C) CaCO 3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO 2(g)
D) H2CO3(s) ⇌ H2O(l) + CO 2(g)
E) 2 H2O(l) ⇌ 2 H2(g) + O 2(g)
Answer: A
29
2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) ⇌ 2 KOH(aq) + H2(g)
A) K =
B) K = [H2][KOH]-2
C) K =
D) K = [H2][KOH]2
E) K =
Answer: D
NaClO 3(s) ⇌ NaClO(s) + O 2(g)
A) K =
B) K = [O 2]-1
C) K =
D) K =
E) K = [O 2]
Answer: E
30
27) An equilibrium mixture of CO, O 2 and CO 2 at a certain temperature contains 0.0010 M CO 2 and
0.0100 M O2. At this temperature, Kc equals 1.4 × 102 for the reaction:
2 CO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CO 2(g).
What is the equilibrium concentration of CO?

A) 7.1 × 10-7 M
B) 8.4 × 10-4 M
C) 1.4 × 10-2 M
D) 1.2 × 10-1 M
Answer: B
28) At a certain temperature, Kc equals 1.4 × 102 for the reaction:
2 CO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CO 2(g).
If a 3.00-L flask contains 0.400 mol of CO 2 and 0.100 mol of O 2 at equilibrium, how many moles of
CO are also present in the flask?
A) 0.555 mol
B) 0.185 mol
C) 0.107 mol
D) 0.0114 mol
Answer: B
follows: [PBr5]eq = 0.56 M, [PBr3]eq = 0.23 M, [Br2]eq = 3.3 M.
PBr5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Br2(g)
A) 1.4
B) 0.93
C) 0.74
D) 1.1
E) 0.76
Answer: A
31
follows: [H2]eq = 0.14 M, [Br2]eq = 0.39 M, [HBr]eq = 1.6 M.
H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr(g)
A) 2.1 × 10-2
B) 29
C) 47
D) 3.4 × 10-2
E) 8.7 × 10-2
Answer: C
31) Determine the value of K p for the following reaction if the equilibrium concentrations are as
follows: P(NOCl)eq = 0.22 atm, P(NO)eq = 0.10 atm, P(Cl2)eq = 0.11 atm.
2 NOCl(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
A) 1.8
B) 44
C) 2.3 x 102
D) 2.3 × 10-2
E) 0.53
Answer: D
32) At a certain temperature, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia:
N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g).
When initial amounts of N 2, H2, and NH3 are mixed, the concentration of NH3 increases. Which
statement below is TRUE?
A) Kc < Q
B) Kc > Q
C) Kc = Q
D) More information is needed to make a statement about K c.
Answer: B
32
33) Consider the following reaction and its equilibrium constant:
SO 2(g) + NO 2(g) ⇌ SO 3(g) + NO(g) Kc = 0.33
A reaction mixture contains 0.41 M SO 2, 0.14 M NO 2, 0.12 M SO 3 and 0.14 M NO. Which of the
following statements is TRUE concerning this system?
A) The reaction will shift in the direction of reactants.
C) The reaction will shift in the direction of products.
D) The reaction quotient will decrease.
E) The system is at equilibrium.
Answer: C
4 CuO(s) + CH4(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + 4 Cu(s) + 2 H2O(g) K c = 1.10
A reaction mixture contains 0.22 M CH4, 0.67 M CO 2 and 1.3 M H2O. Which of the following
statements is TRUE concerning this system?
C) The reaction quotient will increase.
Answer: D
I2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 IBr(g) Kc = 1.1 × 102
A reaction mixture contains 0.35 M I2, 0.31 M Br2 and 3.5 M IBr. Which of the following statements is
TRUE concerning this system?
B) The reaction will shift in the direction of reactants.
C) The reaction quotient will decrease.
Answer: E
33
I2(g) ⇌ 2I(g) Kp = 0.209
A reaction mixture contains 0.89atm I2 and1.601.60 atm I. Which of the following statements is TRUE
concerning this system?
A) The reaction will shift in the direction of reactants.
B) The reaction quotient will increase.
C) The reaction will shift in the direction of products.
Answer: A
temperature. Determine the equilibrium concentration of NO 2(g).
N 2O 4(g) ⇌ 2 NO 2(g) Kc = 0.21
[N2O 4]eq = 0.033 M
A) 1.44 M
B) 8.3 × 10-2 M
C) 12 × 10-2 M
D) 6.9 × 10-3 M
E) 144 M
Answer: B
temperature. Determine the equilibrium concentration of CO 2(g).
NH2COONH4(s) ⇌ 2 NH3(g) + CO 2(g) Kc = 1.58 × 10-8
[NH3]eq = 2.3 × 10-3 M
A) 0.053 M
B) 3.6 × 10-11 M
C) 3.0 × 10-3 M
D) 6.9 × 10-6 M
E) 0.022 M
Answer: C
34
39) For the isomerization reaction:
butane ⇌ isobutane
Kp equals 25 at 500°C. If the initial pressures of butane and isobutane are 20. atm and 0.0 atm,
respectively, what are the pressures of the two gases at equilibrium?
A) P(butane) = 0.77 atm and P(isobutane) = 19.2 atm
B) P(butane) = 0.80 atm and P(isobutane) = 20. atm
C) P(butane) = 19.2 atm and P(isobutane) = 0.77 atm
D) P(butane) = 20 atm and P(isobutane) = 0.80 atm
Answer: A
40) Cyclohexane, C 6H12, undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to form
methylcyclopentane, CH3C5H9, according to the equation:
C6H12 ⇌ CH3C5H9
If Kc = 0.143 at 25°C for this reaction, find the equilibrium concentrations of C 6H12 and CH3C5H9 if
the initial concentrations are 0.200 M and 0.075 M, respectively.
A) [C6H12] = 0.041 M, [CH3C5H9] = 0.041 M
B) [C6H12] = 0.159 M, [CH3C5H9] = 0.116 M
C) [C6H12] = 0.241 M, [CH3C5H9] = 0.034 M
D) [C6H12] = 0.253 M, [CH3C5H9] = 0.022 M
Answer: C
41) At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant, Kc, equals 0.11 for the reaction:
2 ICl(g) ⇌ I2(g) + Cl2(g).
What is the equilibrium concentration of ICl if 0.45 mol of I2 and 0.45 mol of Cl2 are initially mixed in
a 2.0-L flask?
A) 0.14 M
B) 0.17 M
C) 0.27 M
D) 0.34 M
Answer: A
35
42) The equilibrium constant, Kp, equals 3.40 for the isomerization reaction:
cis-2-butene ⇌ trans-2-butene.
If a flask initially contains 0.250 atm of cis-2-butene and 0.145 atm of trans-2-butene, what is the
equilibrium pressure of each gas?
A) P(cis-2-butene) = 0.0426 atm and P(trans-2-butene) = 0.145 atm
B) P(cis-2-butene) = 0.0471 atm and P(trans-2-butene) = 0.160 atm
C) P(cis-2-butene) = 0.0735 atm and P(trans-2-butene) = 0.250 atm
D) P(cis-2-butene) = 0.0898 atm and P(trans-2-butene) = 0.305 atm
Answer: D
43) Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride at high temperatures according to

the equation:
PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
At 250° 0.125 M PCl5 is added to the flask. If Kc = 1.80, what are the equilibrium concentrations of
each gas?
A) [PCl5] = 0.00765 M, [PCl3] = 0.117 M, and [Cl2] = 0.117 M
B) [PCl5] = 0.0625 M, [PCl3] = 0.335 M, and [Cl2] = 0.335 M
C) [PCl5] = 1.80 M, [PCl3] = 1.80 M, and [Cl2] = 1.80 M
D) [PCl5] = 3.96 M, [PCl3] = 3.83 M, and [Cl2] = 3.83 M
Answer: A
44) Kc is 1.67 × 1020 at 25°C for the formation of iron(III) oxalate complex ion:
Fe3+(aq) + 3 C2O 42- (aq) ⇌ [Fe(C2O4)3]3- (aq).
If 0.0200 M Fe3+ is initially mixed with 1.00 M oxalate ion, what is the concentration of Fe 3+ ion at
equilibrium?
A) 1.44 × 10-22 M
B) 0.0100 M
C) 8.35 × 1019 M
D) 6.94 × 1021 M
Answer: A
36
45) Dinitrogen tetroxide partially decomposes according to the following equilibrium:
N 2O 4(g) → 2NO 2(g)
A 1.000-L flask is charged with 3.00 × 10-2 mol of N2O4. At equilibrium, 2.36 × 10-2 mol of N2O4
remains. Keq for this reaction is ________.
A) 0.723
B) 0.391
C) 0.212
D) 6.94 ×
E) 1.92 × 10-4
Answer: D
46) Identify the change that will always shift the equilibrium to the right.
A) remove reactant
B) increase product
C) decrease volume
D) increase pressure
E) increase volume
Answer: C
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)

B) adding argon
C) decrease volume
D) all of the above
Answer: A
48) Cyclohexane (C 6H12) undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to form
methylcyclopentane (MCP) according to the equation:
C6H12 ⇌ MCP
If Kc = 0.143 at 25°C for this reaction, predict the direction in which the system will shift if the initial
concentrations of C 6H12 and MCP are 0.0400 M and 0.0200 M, respectively. The system
A) will shift left.
B) will shift right.
C) is already at equilibrium.
D) is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.
Answer: A
37
49) The equilibrium constant is equal to 5.00 at 1300 K for the reaction:
2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g).
If initial concentrations are [SO 2] = 6.00 M, [O 2] = 0.45 M, and [SO 3] = 9.00 M, the system is
A) at equilibrium.
B) not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.
C) not at equilibrium and will shift to the left to achieve an equilibrium state.
D) not at equilibrium and will shift to the right to achieve an equilibrium state.
Answer: A
50) The equilibrium constant, Kp, equals 3.40 at 25°C for the isomerization reaction:
cis-2-butene ⇌ trans-2-butene.
If a flask initially contains 5.00 atm of each gas, in what direction will the system shift to reach
equilibrium?
A) It will shift left.
B) It will shift right.
C) The system is already at equilibrium.
D) The system is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.
Answer: B
38
Matching Questions
Match the following.
A) reaction favors formation of more products

B) reaction is at equilibrium
C) reverse reaction is favored
D) reaction does not strongly favor reactants or products
E) reaction will favor formation of reactants
F) reaction has a larger amount of products than reactants
1) K << 1
2) K ≈ 1
3) Q < K
4) Q > K
5) Q = K
6) Q >> 1
Answers: 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) F
Short Answer Questions
1) Explain dynamic equilibrium. Use the generic reaction A(g) ⇌ B(g) to explain.
Answer: In this reaction, dynamic equilibrium means that the ratio of [B]/[A] is constant. Even though
the ratio of their concentrations is constant, the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur. The
rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in order to keep the ratio of [B]/[A] constant.
2) Why is an equilibrium constant unitless?

Answer: Each concentration or pressure for a reactant or product, when used to calculate the
equilibrium expression is actually a ratio to a reference concentration or pressure. Each ratio is therefore
unitless before it is used to calculate into the equilibrium expression.
39
3) Can the K p and K c for a reaction ever have the same value? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, they can have the same value. Since K p depends on pressure and K c depends on
concentration, the two are related through a factor of RT (gas constant times temperature). The two
constants can only have the same value in reactions where the number of moles of gaseous reactants is
equal to the number of moles of gaseous products. When this is true, then factors of RT will all cancel
making K p = Kc.
4) Why aren't solids or liquids included in an equilibrium expression?

Answer: The equilibrium constant relates different concentrations of reactants and products to one
another. Since the concentrations of liquids and solids are constant, their concentration(s) becomes part
of the constant value of the equilibrium constant.
5) How is the reaction quotient different from an equilibrium constant for a given reaction?
Answer: The expression for both are identical. However, the equilibrium constant only holds true for
systems AT equilibrium. The reaction quotient can be calculated at concentrations/pressures away from
equilibrium and is used to determine which direction a reaction must go to achieve equilibrium.
6) Define Le Chatelier's Principle.

Answer: Le Chatelier's Principle states that when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, the
system shifts in a direction that minimizes the disturbance.
7) How will equilibrium be affected, with the same number of moles of gas on both sides, if the pressure
is increased?
Answer: There will be no effect on equilibrium.
40

Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Tro)

Chapter 14 Chemical Equilibrium

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

2) Give the direction of the reaction, if K >> 1.

3) Give the direction of the reaction, if K << 1.

4) Give the direction of the reaction, if K ≈ 1.

16 CH3Cl(g) + 8 Cl2(g) ⇔ 16 CH2Cl2(g) + 8 H2(g)

H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr(g) K c = 3.8 × 104

H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr(g) Kc = 3.8 × 104

2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 106

A(g) + B(g) ⇌ AB(g) Kc = 0.24

A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ AB2(g) Kc = 59

2A(g) + B(g) ⇌ A2B(g) Kc = ?

12) What is Δn for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?

2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)

N 2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO 2(g)

14) What is Δn for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?

C3H8(g) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ 3 CO 2(g) + 4 H2O(l)

15) What is Δn for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?

4 NH3(g) + 3 O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)

16) What is Δn for the following equation in relating K c to Kp?

SO 3(g) + NO(g) ⇌ SO 2(g) + NO 2(g)

2 SO 3(g) ⇌ 2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g)

19) Express the equilibrium constant for the following reaction.

P4(s) + 5 O 2(g) ⇌ P4O 10(s)

P4O10(s) ⇌ P4(s) + 5 O 2(g)

P4O10(s) ⇌ P4(s) + 5 O 2(g)

2 N 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 N 2O(g)

N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)

2 HCl(g) + I2(s) ⇌ 2 HI(g) + Cl2(g)

2 HI(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 HCl(g) + I2(s)

2 CO(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 CO 2(g)

N 2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)

2 NOCl(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)

29) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

31) In a reaction mixture containing only products, what is the value of Q?

33) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

34) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ C2H5OH(g) Kc = 9.0 × 103

[C2H4]eq = 0.015 M [C2H5OH]eq = 1.69 M

2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 108

[SO 2]eq = 0.0034 M [O2]eq = 0.0018 M

2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g) Kc = 1.7 × 108

[SO 3]eq = 0.0034 M [O2]eq = 0.0018 M

D2(g) + H2(g) ⇌ 2 HD(g) Kp = 1.80

P(D2)eq = 1.1 × 10-3 atm P(HD)eq = 2.7 × 10-3 atm

CO(g) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(l) Kp = 2.25 × 104

P(H2)eq = 0.52 atm

A) 8.3 x 104 atm

Xe(g) + 2 F2(g) → XeF4(g)

42) Consider the following reaction:

CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) ⇌ CS2(g) + 4 H2(g)

43) Consider the following reaction:

COCl2(g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2(g)

CuS(s) + O 2(g) ⇌ Cu(s) + SO 2(g)

45) Consider the following reaction:

2 H2O(g) + 2 SO 2(g) ⇌ 2 H2S(g) + 3 O 2(g)

46) Consider the following reaction:

CO 2(g) + C(graphite) ⇌ 2 CO(g)

NO(g) + SO 3(g) ⇌ NO 2(g) + SO 2(g)

2 SO 2(g) + O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3(g)

A) raising the temperature