FACTORS AFFECTING

CLIMATE
for SCIENCE Grade 9
Quarter 3 / Week 5

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2 1
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in explaining

the different factors affecting climate change. This will help
learners understand the concepts of altitude, latitude,
distance from the ocean, topography and ocean currents
in relation to the kind of climate experienced by a certain
locality, country and world as a whole.

In this learning kit, the Grade 9 learners will gain

understanding on the given competency. As a simplified
learning resource material, this learning kit is designed for
learners to comprehend, process and appreciate insights
related to the topic.

This self-learning kit has variety of pre-learning

activities which will help you later in determining how
much you have learned in the previous lessons.

May you enjoy answering the different tasks prepared

for you.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
2
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this kit, learners will be able to:
K: determine the different factors affecting the climate
of an area;
S: explain how different factors affect the climate of an
area; and
A: relate how these factors affect the climate in their
respective area.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain how the different factors affect the climate of
an area. (S9ES – IIIe – 30)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Let us differentiate first Hello Grade 9 students! Hope

the difference between you’re doing great today. I
a climate and a weather. am happy seeing you again.
We will learn another lesson
Climate is the general today about climate!
pattern of weather in a
certain area over a long
period of time. (We are
expecting to have hot
days on May – April)
Weather is the condition
of the atmosphere at a
specific place and time.
(Today is such a hot day!)

“Happy Earth Cartoon Clipart Vector - FriendlyStock.” n.d. Friendlystock.com. Accessed December 15, 2021.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
3
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST (PART A)
Hello there again! Kindly do the following activities
to check if you have prior understanding about the
topic. Relate the pictures to each term listed below.
Write the answers in your science notebook.
“Happy Earth Cartoon Clipart Vector -
FriendlyStock.” n.d. Friendlystock.com.
Accessed December 15, 2021.

Picture 1: _________________ Picture 2: _________________

“SEASONS and ECLIPSES Overview.” n.d.

Accessed December 15, 2021. “Change in the Atmosphere with Altitude | UCAR Center for
Science Education.” n.d.

Picture 3: _________________

NOAA. 2013. “How Does the Ocean Affect Climate and Weather
on Land?” Noaa.gov. 2013.

Picture 4: _________________ Picture 5: __________________

Climate. 2018. “Climate.” Khan Academy. 2018

“How Do Ocean Currents Affect Climate?” 2016.
WorldAtlas. September 22, 2016.

distance from the ocean topography

altitude latitude
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST (PART
ocean B):
currents

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
4
 You did great in the previous activity!
Let’s try another one. This time, we will define
the term or terms you learned in the previous
activity. Match Column A with Column B by
writing your answers your science notebook.

Column A Column B

1. The height of an object or point in a. topography

relation to sea level or ground level.
b. weather conditions
2. Oceans heat up and cool down
much more slowly than the land. This c. altitude
means that coastal locations tend to
be cooler in summer and warmer in d. latitude
winter than places inland at the
same latitude and altitude e. ocean currents

3. The angular distance of a place north f. distance from the

or south of the earth's equator, or of a ocean
celestial object north or south of the
celestial equator, usually expressed in
degrees and minutes.

4. It is the arrangement of the natural

and artificial physical features of an
area.

5. The continuous, predictable,

directional movement of seawater
driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis
Effect), and water density.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
5
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Hi Grade 9! This is Mr. Earth again. Congratulations for

accomplishing the first two activities on the first part of this
learning kit.

In the next part of this learning

kit, we will be discussing the
DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE.
We wish to answer the following
questions.
What are the factors that affect
climate? How does each factor
affect climate?

DISCUSSION

Factor 1: Latitude

The sun’s rays

strike vertically in
places near the
equator, thus
making the
temperature higher
in these areas,
resulting in warm
climate. “SEASONS and ECLIPSES Overview.” n.d. Accessed December 15, 2021.

Places that are NOT vertically hit by the sun’s rays experience
cold climate.

As the latitude increases, the smaller the angle of the sun’s

rays strike the surface. Therefore, when the area is farther from the
equator, the air temperature is lower. When the place is closer to
the equator, the air temperature is higher.
NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
6
Factor 2: Altitude

The altitude of
a place will affect
the air
temperature. That’s
because the air
temperature
decreases as the
altitude increases.
“Change in the Atmosphere with Altitude | UCAR Center for Science Education.” n.d.

For every 1000 m, there is a drop of 6.50C. At higher elevations,

there is less air. The air molecules are farther apart, thus making the
air less dense. Lighter air cannot absorb much heat, making air
temperature lower. Ultimately, the decrease in air temperature is
due to the decrease in air pressure.

Between Canlaon City and Dumaguete City, which city will

most likely to have lower temperature? Why?

Factor 3: Distance from the Ocean

Places that
are near to the
bodies of water will
likely to experience
moderate climate
since it regulates
the temperature.
Soil absorbs heat
faster than water.

Daytime Night Time

Soil heats faster than water, thus Soil cools down faster than
making air temperature above water, so the air temperature
sea is lower than above the above ground is lower than that
ground. Warm air thus moves above the sea. Warm air then
out from land to sea, slowing flows from sea to land, so the
down the rise of air drop in air temperature above
temperature above land. ground is moderated.
NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
7
 Places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme
climates, as there are no immediate bodies of water that will help
to circulate the movement of cold and warm air.

The reason why temperature of water rises or falls more slowly

than soil is that water has higher heat capacity. Because of this,
water also absorbs more heat in warm days and slowly releases it in
cold days.

That is why during summer, areas that are near a body of

water will have moderate temperature because water absorbs
more heat. Similarly, during winter, surrounding water slowly
releases heat causing the cooling effect to become lesser than
normal in the nearby landmass.

Factor 4: Topography

Topography is
another factor that
affects the climate of a
certain place.

One of the
topographic features of
an area is mountain.
Climate. 2018. “Climate.” Khan Academy. 2018
Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation
in a certain region. The area in which the wind blows is called the
windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain, forcing
it to move upward. As it moves up, the water vapor condenses and
forms clouds. This will result in precipitation on the windward side.

The air moves down towards the opposite region called

leeward side. The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes
warm and dry. As a result, the area near the leeward side becomes
dry and has less precipitation. The dry region on the leeward side is
called rain shadow. Vegetation in this region includes desert plants
and grassland.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
8
Factor 5: Ocean Currents

The different loops

or gyres represents the
surface of currents
around the world.

In the northern
hemisphere, the current
flows in a clockwise NOAA. 2013. “How Does the Ocean Affect Climate and Weather on Land?”
Noaa.gov. 2013.
direction.

On the other hand, in the southern hemisphere, the current flows in

counterclockwise direction.

These clockwise and counterclockwise of ocean currents are

caused by the Coriolis Effect.

Ocean currents that flow away from the equator carries warm
water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.

When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to

a land mass, the temperature of that place increases as warmer air
above the water flows inland, resulting in a warm climate.

When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a

coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases as warmer
air from the land flows to the sea resulting in a cold climate.

Therefore, ocean currents that bring along cold water inland

make the climate cold. On the other hand, ocean currents that
take along warm water to coastal areas make the climate warm.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
9
 III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Wow! You are truly an awesome student! You

have so much care for me after knowing the
different factors affecting climate. So, take
the next challenges and be a climate hero!

Post Test (PART A)

Write the correct letter of your choice in your notebook.
1. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high
land?
a. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward.
b. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side.
c. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side.
d. The leeward side receives more precipitation than the windward
side.

2. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?

a. remains the same b. increases c. decreases d. varies

3. Which of the following BEST describes climate?

a. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day.
b. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a long
period of time.
c. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short
period of time.
d. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long
period of time.

4. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?

a. great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface
b. great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas
c. less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas
d. less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface

5. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation

are equal?
a. Clouds form. c. The humidity increases.
b. The dew point is reached. d. Precipitation occurs.
NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
10
Post Test (PART B)
Directions: Given the different situations below, determine the
factor that affects climate. Answer in your notebook.

1. Mountain climbers wear jackets and thick clothes when they

the go up the mountain.

2. Northern and Southern Hemispheres of our planet receives

less amount of sun’s radiation causing it to experience cold
temperatures.

3. The warm Kuroshio Current that comes from the northeastern

part of the Philippines brings warm water. This raises the
temperature of places in the southeastern part of Japan.

4. The tip of British Isles and the part of Russia near Moscow, both
places have four seasons. Even though both places are on the
same latitude, the northern tip of the British Isles has a more
moderate climate due to the neighboring bodies of water.

5. Moist wind coming from the sea flow up the mountain.

Because temperature falls with altitude, water vapor
condenses and there is precipitation.

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
11
REFERENCES
“Change in the Atmosphere with Altitude | UCAR Center for Science
Education.” n.d. Scied.ucar.edu.
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/change-
atmosphere-altitude.

Climate. 2018. “Climate.” Khan Academy. 2018.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/biogeograp
hy/a/climate

“Factors Affecting Climate - Factors Affecting Climate - CCEA - GCSE

Geography Revision - CCEA.” n.d. BBC Bitesize.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgyw4qt/revision/2#:~:text=Dist
ance%20from%20the%20sea%20%E2%80%93%20Oceans

“Happy Earth Cartoon Clipart Vector - FriendlyStock.” n.d. Friendlystock.com.

Accessed December 15, 2021.
https://friendlystock.com/product/happy-earth/.

“How Do Ocean Currents Affect Climate?” 2016. WorldAtlas. September 22,

2016. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-do-ocean-currents-
affect-climate.html

“Latitude Definition - Google Search.” n.d. Www.google.com.

https://www.google.com/search?q=latitude+definition&source=lmns&
bih=657&biw=1366&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNm_7057TuAhVUBt4KH
QTyB0MQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA

National Geographic Society, and National Geographic Society. 2019.

“Ocean Currents.” Nationalgeographic.org. 2019.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-ocean-
currents/?q=&page=1&per_page=25

NOAA. 2013. “How Does the Ocean Affect Climate and Weather on Land?”
Noaa.gov. 2013.
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/climate.html

“SEASONS and ECLIPSES Overview.” n.d. Accessed December 15, 2021.

http://depedcsjdm.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/1/6/7916797/q4_module
_3_seasons_and_eclipses.pdf

NegOr_Q3_Science9_SLKWeek5_v2
12
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
LESTER C. PABALINAS
Writer

LESTER C. PABALINAS
JANICE G. BERO
Illustrators/Lay-out Artists
________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
ARGELYN A. MAHUMOT
JULIET B. GANTALAO

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

13
SYNOPSIS

This Self Learning Kit gives emphasis

on concepts about the different factors
affecting climate.

Additionally, this will be an

innovative learning material for students
to answer while face to face classes are
not yet permitted to happen. This is a self-
learning aid for learners to continue
studying while adopting the new
mechanisms of “new normal” in the
education setting.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

LESTER C. PABALINAS is a Secondary School

Teacher III of Masulog High School, Canlaon
District II, Division of Negros Oriental. He is a
graduate of Bachelor of Secondary
Education, major in Physical Science at
Carlos Hilado Memorial State College –
Talisay City, Negros Occidental, 2011.

14