AP U.S.

History; Guided Reading: 38-39

Directions: Using your AP U.S. History Textbook, American Pageant (online textbook is on my
Schoology Page) answer the following questions (1-35). Answer, each question below. Upload your
COMPLETED answer sheet on Schoology when finished. [3 POINTS EACH= 100%]
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Chapter 38: The Eisenhower Era (1952-1960):
1. Why did Richard Nixon give his “Checkers” Speech in 1952? (p. 888)

He wanted to seem relatable as a vice presidential cantidate

2. Who was Emmett Till? (p. 891)

A 14 year old black boy who had been lynched in Mississippi

3. What role did the following play in desegregating the south in the 1950s? (pp. 891-897)
a. NAACP: fought against voting segregation by legal means

b. (1950) Sweatt v. Painter: ended separate professional schools for blacks

c. (1955) Montgomery Bus Boycotts (Rosa Parks): ended bus segregation

d. (1954) Brown v. Board of Education: ended segregation in public schools

e. The Little Rock 9: were the first black students to go to an integrated high school in the South

f. (1957) SCLC: used the power of black churches to fight for civil rights

e. (1960) The “Sit-In”: used to protest segregation in private businesses

4. What policy did President Eisenhower propose to Native Americans (The Klamaths)? (p. 898)

The “Indian New Deal” that took land in exchange for cash

5. What was Operation Wetback (1954)? (p. 898)

Mass deportation of illegal Mexican immigrants

6. What impact did The Interstate Highway System (1956) have on American society? (p. 898)

It improved infrastructure and built the American suburb at the cost of the Cities

7. How did The Soviet Union respond to President Eisenhower’s peace proposal at The Geneva
Summit in 1955? (p. 899)

Khrushchev rejected calls for peace and “open skies”

8. Why were the American taxpayers funding a colonial war in French Indochina in 1954? (p. 899)

To stop the spread of communism

9. Who did The CIA install as Shah of Iran in 1953? (p. 901)

Mohammed Reza Pahlevi

10. What was the main objective of The Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)? (p. 902)

To quell communism in the middle east

11. What major-economic power did Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries have?
(p. 902)

The control of Oil

12. What was the main objective of The Landrum-Griffin Act (1959)? (p. 903)

To stop workers by restricting the finances of labor leaders

13. What impact did Sputnik I, and Sputnik II, have on the morale of most U.S. citizens? (p. 903)

It hurt morale, but inspired “Rocket Fever” that would eventually get the US to the moon

14. What happened to an American U-2 spy plane as it flew over The USSR in 1960? (p. 904)

It was shot down and it’s pilot was taken hostage and eventually exchanged, revealing the US’s adn
Russia’s espionage against each other.

15. How did television play a role in The 1960 Presidential Election? (p. 906)

Kennedy’s image was on display during his televised debates with Nixon, swaying the will of the
American people

16. What did The 22nd Amendment (1951) declare? (pp. 906-908)

It limited presidents to 2 terms

17. What impact did Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, have on women’s civil liberties?
(p. 910)

It launched the modern women’s rights movement

Chapter 39: The Stormy Sixties (1960-1968):

18. What were TWO (2) objectives of JFK’s New Frontier? (pp. 916-918)
a. reprioritize the objectives of the FBI

b. revitalize the economy

19. Why did The Soviets build The Berlin Wall in 1961? (p. 919)

To prevent Soviet citizens from defecting to the better off, US controlled West Berlin

20. Why was The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba an embarrassment for JFK? (pp. 921-922)

It failed, incredibly

21.How did The U.S. respond when The Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962? (p. 922)

He surrounded the island with the US Navy and a standoff occurred

22. What were “Freedom Rides”? (pp. 923-924)

Buses full of civil rights activists that traveled throughout the south

23. What impact did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream Speech (Aug. 1962) have on The
Civil Rights Movement? (p. 926)

It gained support for the civil rights movement from the American public

24. What did President Lyndon B. Johnson “declare war” on? (p. 928)

Poverty

25. Why did President Lyndon Baines Johnson call his domestic program “Great Society”? (p. 928)

It was full of new-deal-like policies that helped the poor of America

26. Why President LBJ want Congress to pass The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964? (p. 929)

It would appear that the US was holding ground in Vietnam without creating a “wider war” that
LBJ alleged Goldwater wanted

27. What was the main objective of each of the following Great Society Programs: (pp. 929-930)
a. HUD: improve the quality of life for those who lived in inner city housing

b. Medicare: provided healthcare for the elderly and the disabled

c. Medicaid: provides healthcare for low-income persons

d. Project Head Start: increased the quality of public education for the impoverished

28. What was the main objective of The Civil Rights Act of 1964? (p. 931)

To desegregate schools and other public accommodations

29. What was the main objective of The Civil Rights Voting Act of 1965? (p. 931)
Ended policies that prevented blacks from voting in the south

30. What impact did the 24th Amendment have on voting? (p. 931)

It made policies that heavily restricted blacks from voting in the past illegal, allowing many blacks
to participate in democracy who couldn’t before

31. Why did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. start a voter-registration campaign in Selma, Alabama?
(p. 931)

To make the amount of black voters proportional to the population in the state

32. List TWO (2) ways that both Malcolm X, and Stokely Carmichael, shared that were different
than Dr. Martin Luther King’s vision for Civil Rights? (pp. 932-933)
a. they wanted revolution more than reform

b. they were not averse to violence

33. What type of domestic opposition did President LBJ face during The Vietnam (Conflict) War?
(pp. 935-936)

Student protests against the draft

34. How did George Wallace (A-I-AL), and The American Independence Party, impact The 1968
Presidential Election? (pp. 939-940)

He divided the democratic vote

35. What were THREE (3) examples of The Counterculture, of the 1960s, in the U.S.? (pp. 941-943)
a. drug use

b. gay rights activism

c. sexual revolution