As stipulated in DepEd Order No. 39, s.

2018 entitled Clarification and Additional Information to

DepEd Order No. 30, s. 2017(Guidelines on Work I mmersion), Work Immersion is a requirement
for TVL track while it is optional for Academic, Arts and Design, and Sports tracks.
In lieu of the Work Immersion, a Capstone Project may be done by SHS learners under the Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The following guidelines shall be observed:
a. You have the option to choose the topic related to your specialization.
b. You are encouraged to relate the project to home or community issues, and to integrate
these to outside-of-school learning experience. Hence, the project should encourage you to
think critically, solve challenging problems, and develop skills that will prepare you for
college, work, and adult life.
c. You must consider the following in crafting your research:
1. Deriving the research problem, which must be contextualized according to the your
current situation;
2. Reviewing related literature and/or studies;
3. Designing methods/ways of understanding;
4. Collecting, analysing, and interpreting data;
5. Reporting the findings
d. It is clear to you that the outputs would be limited to you and the school are equipped with,
which may be different from the research that you would like to do. It should be noted also
that you may be working on a limited support for conducting tests requiring research
centres.
e. You must maintain a portfolio of findings or results, create a final product demonstrating
your learning acquisition or conclusions (a paper, short film, or multimedia presentation,
for example), and submit a pre-recorded video presentation or conduct a live online
presentation on the project to a panel of teachers, experts, and community members who
shall collectively evaluate the quality of the output submitted.
f. Here are some examples of capstone project ideas:
 Community-based projects
 Math investigation(e.g., providing and formulating theories) which is basically more
on library research
 Document analysis
 Robotics or ICT projects

As a Capstone Project Teacher, you must follow the following instructions:

1. The groupings is the same with the groupings of your practical research 1 and practical
research 2 subject or maybe we can have a groupings per municipality to have an easy meet
up/access to your group members in doing this project. Note: During the meet up sessions,
you should follow the health and safety protocols.
2. Send your outputs once in a week (every Saturday afternoon @ exactly 1:00 PM) to my
messenger account (Darwin Tayros Urbano) for correction purposes. Failure to submit is a
deduction of points to the total score.
3. If the content of your previous research paper is in current situation already you can
upgrade it.
4. Submit your final product, hard and soft copy of your output, and a pre-recorded video
presentation from the beginning up to the end in making capstone project (perhaps you
create a vlog). Submission date will be on JANUARY 31, 2022.
5. The following pages of this module is an example format of CAPSTONE PROJECT.
 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Nowadays, our country is facing great crisis and people are looking for
ways on how to survive inflation by using affordable materials. The researchers
realized that eggshells are just simply disposed and unused without even
appreciating the essential use of this material. The researchers have decided to
use eggshells with cassava extract as our main raw material for creating a more
affordable chalk where we can absolutely find anywhere.
An eggshell is a thin and hard outer layer of an egg. This is very fragile
and can break easily, like chalk according to the research; the components of an
eggshell are almost entirely made of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) crystals. It is a
semi permeable membrane which means that air and moisture can pass through
it pores. The shell has a thin outermost coating called the bloom or cuticle that
helps cut bacteria and dust there is a special property that’s unique to all solid
materials. This is the ability to be brittleness is a property of solid materials to
break into pieces. More examples of this include glass and ceramics. It is almost
entirely made up of calcium (Ca, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) combined, making a
compound called calcium carbonate or CaCO3.
Commercial chalks have the same compound used to make it. The main
purpose of this study is that the researchers think that it may be possible to
make chalk using eggshells. This would be beneficial to schools especially public
schools that do not have enough funds for these writing materials. The
researchers would like to prove that there are more cheap materials to use to
save up cost.

https://group1sciencequeens.wordpress.com/2017/07/27/investigatory-
project-chapter-1-eggshalk-eggshells-to-chalk/
Conceptual Framework

An eggshell is a thin and hard outer layer of an egg. This is very fragile
and can break easily, like chalk according to the research; the components of an
eggshell are almost entirely made of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) crystals. It is a
semi permeable membrane which means that air and moisture can pass through
its pores. The shell has a thin outermost coating called the bloom or cuticle that
Help cut bacteria and dust there is a special property that’s unique to all
solid materials. This is the ability to be brittleness is a property of solid materials
to break into pieces. More examples of this include glass and ceramics. It is
almost entirely made up of calcium (Ca, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) combined,
making a compound called calcium carbonate or CaCO3.
Cassava is a root vegetable. It is the underground part of the cassava
shrub, which has the Latin name Manihot esculenta. Like potatoes and yams, it is
a tuber crop. Cassava roots have a similar shape to sweet potatoes.

Chalks have the same compound used to make it. This is why the
researchers think it may be possible to make chalk using eggshells.
The researchers have constructed the following figure to represent the
relationships among the variables used in the current study.
EGGSHELLS WITH CASSAVA EXTRACT AS RAW MATERIALS FOR
MAKING CHALK

Components of
the Product
Experimentation OUTPUT

Texture
Solidity Procedures Finish
in Making product
Fragrance
Chalk
Visibility

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

Statement of the Problem

This study will aim to determine the capabilities of the eggshels combined
with cassava extract as the affordable raw material to be used in making chalk.
This study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Are eggshells combined with cassava extract can be an alternative raw

material for making chalk in terms of;
a. Texture
b. Solidity
c. Fragrance
d. Visibility of the product when written on the chalkboard
2. Is there a significant relationship between the components and
experimentations?
3. What are the procedures done to achieve the final product?

Scope and Limitation

This paper will focus onusage of the eggshells because they have the

same compound (calcium carbonate) that is used in making a commercial chalk.

The assessment of the components of the final product after careful

experimentation and observation in terms of the texture, firmness, fragrance and

visibility of the final product when written on the board. The assessment of the

quality of final product will be given to Senior High School students and teachers

of North Central Mindanao College and basing on the assessment will be able to

come up with the answer on whether the raw materials can be used as an
alternative ingredient for making chalks. The time frame of this study will be

during semester 2018-2019.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to help the students and faculty members
discover methods to find cheaper and easy-to-do chalk using recyclable
materials. The study can help lessen wastage of eggshells, especially for those
who loves to eat eggs and it also give benefits to the people especially in the
poverty and also give beneficial to the environment to lessen the waste materials
thrown.

This also helps public schools who do not have enough money to buy
commercial chalks. It also helps young peoples’ creativity in making chalks and
this will help have quality time between parents and children while making a
chalk using eggshells.

It can also help teachers, students, and faculty members save money and
effort in buying chalk in stores. This also helps public schools because those
schools don’t have enough money to buy commercial chalk. It also helps young
people to have creative minds and have quality time between parents and
children while making the eggschalk.

The project can give benefits for those who cannot afford commercial
chalks by having their own business by simply following the instruction on how to
make an eggschalk.

An eggschalk can also help make sure that the chalk is not toxic.
Definition of Terms

Cassava
 Is a nutty-flavored, starchy root vegetable tuber. Native to South America,
it’s a major source of calories and carbs for people in developing countries.
Eggshells
 Is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs
with soft outer coats.
raw material
 any material, such as oil, cotton, or sugar, in itsnatural condition, before it
has been processed for use:
solidity
 the quality of being firm or solid
texture
 the quality of something that can be known by touch, or the degree to which
something is rough or smooth or soft or hard:
eggshalk
 egg and chalk combination
 Chapter 2

RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the different readings and literatures which will be
deemed essential and correlated to the present research study.
James (2011) of 9 slap-up shipway to recycle eggshell stated that some
people are moving away from commercial product and favor of match instinctive
alternatives. There is no assurance that people can stomach continous supply of
a commercial chalk that is wherefore in this study; researcher tried to find a
better, low-cost and more convenient way of producing chalk which is peer in
quality to commercial chalk. Chalk is a soft, white, poriferous aqueous rock, a
form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite, a atomic number 20
carbonate, or CaCO3 which comprises more than 4% of the earths pertness and
its found.
https://group1sciencequeens.wordpress.com/2017/09/25/investigatory-project-
chapter-2-eggshalk-eggshells-to-chalk/
Ancient Egyptians (1400 BCE) According to Aristotle, when he opened the
chicken eggs at various time points of incubation, he noted how the organism
changed over time. Through his writing of Historia Animalium he introduced
some of the earliest studies of embryology based on his observation of the
chicken in the egg.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080328104302.htm
co they used the chick to demonstrate tissue differentiation, this proving
the widely held belief of the time that organism are ‘’preformed’’ in their adult
version and only grow larger during development.
https://www.revolvy.com/page/Chicken-as-biological-research-model
Neves (1998); Boron (2004) more over, the use of this shell as an
alternative sources for calcium carbonate may reduce the impact on the natural
reserves of limestone, a non-renewable natural sources.
https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/253128.pdf

RELATED STUDIES

Other researchers conduncted experiments to determine whether

eggshells can be used as an ingredients in making homemande chalk rather than
buying the commercialized the same how as the present we also conduct
different way it because we used than combines it with cassava.
Nerves 1998; boron 2004 moreover, the use of these hells as an
alternative sources for calcium carbonate may reduce the impact on the natural
reserves of limestone, a non-renewable natural sources. There researchers found
articles from foreign and local scientists that may help with the research; there
are very early in the study of the shell, chemical analyses showed that is
composed of about 97 percent calcium carbonate burly and vadehra 1989.
Beginning on the surface of the albumen, the shell members of which
there are two, provide the foundation of the shells. On the surface of the outer
members, mamilary known from as the first stage of shell formation and from
there, the main layer of the shell, called the palisade layer, develops. A then
outer layer, called the cuticle completes the shell. Nys, 2002.

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-
635X2007000200005
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter presents the research methods used in the study. It also
discusses the research designs, research environment, research instruments,
data and chalk making procedures and lastly the analysis of the study.

Research Design

The research design to be used in this study will be the descriptive-

correlational approach which will involve collection of data in order to answer the
questions concerning about the components of the finish product or the
eggshalk.

Research Environment

The study will be conducted at North Central Mindanao College formerly

called Central Mindanao Technical Institute owned and managed by the Undag

family and has started its humble beginnings around 1989. It is located in Purok

Lemon Tree Barangay Maranding province of Lanao del Norte. The most densely

populated private school in Maranding. That offers preschool, elementary,

secondary and tertiary level of education. They also offer special technical and

vocational courses such as TESDA courses. It comprises of diverse tribes of

Bisaya and Muslim tribes. The study will be focusing on the Senior High students

and faculty of NCMC.

Respondents and Sampling Procedures

The respondents of the said study will be the Senior High School students

of North Central Mindanao College. The respondents will be given questionnaire

about the said eggshalk product and will describe their assessment about the

finish product in terms of the texture, solidity, fragrance and visibility of the

chalk. The result of the assessment will be part of the data gathering of the

researchers to come up with a conclusion about how effective the eggshalk is to

be an alternative raw material for chalk.

Research Instruments and their Validity

In this study, the researchers will be gathering all the ingredients and

write the procedure in making the chalk from eggshells and cassava extracts. It

will be discussed thoroughly. After the process of making chalk then it will be

trial and error stage there the final product will be test in terms of the

components mentioned and will be assessed by the Senior high school students

and faculty of the NCMC.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers will prepare all the necessary ingredients to be used in

making the chalk. And the ingredients are the following;

a) EGGSHELLS
b) CASSAVA
EXTRACT
c) FLOUR
d) MOLDER
e) PAPER
f) BOWL
g) TABLESPOON
h) FOOD
COLORING
i) PESTLE AND
MORTAR
PROCEDURE

STEP 1. Collect a large amount of eggshells.

STEP 2. Clean at least 8-10 eggshells.

STEP 3. Using the mortar and pestle, pound the clean eggshells very well until
the eggshells become a fine powder.

STEP 4. Separate the residue from the powder if there is any.

STEP 5. Combine the cassava extract, 1tsp of hot water, and the crushed
eggshells and mix it well together.

STEP 6. Place small amount of the mixture into the molder to become a cylinder
shape.

STEP 7. Let it stay like that for 3 days.

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter will discuss the output of the finish product done
appropriately by following the certain procedure in making the chalk from
eggshells and cassava extract. However, in the said experimentation of the
process the researchers noticed this study needs a thorough investigation to
come up with a successful finish product. The researchers have done the trial
and error stage where the eggshalk is partially proven effective as an alternative
raw material.

Pie Graph

Rate

Yes

Yes
25%
No Maybe
40%

No
Maybe
35%

Based from the pie graph……………………………….

 QUESTIONNAIRE

Instruction. Please check the appropriate answer of your choice.

QUESTIONS Yes Neutral No

1. Is the texture of the

eggshalk smooth?

2. Is the texture of
eggshalk rough?

3. Is the chalk solid

enough in writing?

4. Is the chalk fragrant?

5. Is the visibility of the

chalk enough when
written on the board?

6. Are the materials

easily accessible?

7. Are the ingredients

used affordable?
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

THEREFORE, the researchers conclude that that this research is PARTIALLY

SUCCESSFUL in terms of the visibility components of the finish product. The
chalk can be written in a wood or in a concrete pavement but failed to write in
the chalkboard because of the paint covered in it. Researchers must find another
ingredient to successfully make this alternative eggshalk visible enough in the
chalkboard.

Moreover, in order to create chalk there should be a balance amount of

ingredients used for it to produce the natural smoothness. Too much cassava
extract may not produce the right texture of chalk like the commercial one so
researchers must do more experimentation to equate the texture of the said
chalk.

Luckily, people will be able to save money for its ingredients and materials
are just accessible in the kitchen and procedures done are very easy to do.
 REFERENCES

GRP1SCIENCEQUEENS , Investigatory Project : Chapter 1 – Eggshalk (Eggshells

to Chalk) July 27, 2017. Retrieved from:
https://group1sciencequeens.wordpress.com/2017/07/27/investigatory-
project-chapter-1-eggshalk-eggshells-to-chalk/

Penn State University. Science Daily Releases. March 29, 2008. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080328104302.htm

Murphy, J.B. Chicken as Biological Research Model. Rovelvy Articles. 2008.

Retreived from: https://www.revolvy.com/page/Chicken-as-biological-
research-model

Akbar Arabhosseini Faridi. (2018). Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and

utilizable products. AgricultureJournals. Retrieved from:
https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/253128.pdf

Pelicia K et. al. (June 20017). Alternative calciul source effects on commercial
egg production and quality. Scielo.br.Scripts. Retrieved from:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-
635X2007000200005
EGGSHELLS COMBINED WITH CASSAVA EXTRACTS AS AN

ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL OF CHALK

SCHOOL LOGO

A Research Proposal

Presented to the
Senior High School of North

Central Mindanao College

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for Capstone

By:

HASMIN JAMIL
REYMOND PALER
JAIHAN AMPATUA
HAFIJANE MISANGCAD
ALLAZAIME PANGANIBAN
MICHAEL VINCENT LAURENTE
SAHAYA DIMASANGCAY
NABILA LANGI
FRANCIS KENT AVENIDO

February 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
TITTLE PAGE
……………………………………………………………………………………………….i
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………………………...ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………….iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………………….iv

CHAPTER I
1.1 PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE………………………………………………………………1
1.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………………….2
1.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM…………………………………………………………………….3
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………..4
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION………………………………………………………………4.1
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………5
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………………………………………6
CHAPTER II
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………………………………7
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES……………………………………………………………8
CHAPTER III
3.1 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………9.1
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN………………………………………………………………………….9.2
3.3 RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT ………………………………………………………………9.3
3.4 RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES……………………………..……10.1
3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR VALIDITY………………………………10.2
3.6 DATA GATHERING………………………………………………………………………….11.1
3.7 PROCEDURES…………………………………………………………………………………11.2
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA………………………12
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………………………13
APPENDICES
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………….
CIRRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………………………………………………..
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With the sincere appreciation and profound gratitude, we the

proponents
Would like to express our warmest gratitude to the following persons who in
one way or another, have contributed and helped in the completion and
preparation of this study.

Our Almighty God, who give us protection, wisdom and perseverance that enable
us to carry on this project.

Mr. Guilermo Sacasan Jr. the Stem adviser for their support, time, suggestion
and untiring efforts in evaluating our works.
Ms. Janice Pintac, Researcher Teacher of North Central Mindanao College and
who allowed us to implement this study.

Mr. Darwin Urbano, for sharing his ideas, suggestions and Advise during the
enhancement of our capstone.

To the proponents parents, families, classmates and friends for their endless
support, prayers and love that encourage and inspires us to complete this
project.
 Dedication

We heartily and deeply this project

To our parents and love ones
Who always extending their hands
To give their moral and financial support
And sacrifices.

Most of all
We dedicate this to our Almighty Province
For the gift of life, knowledge, courage, guidance
And love that enable us to make this project
Possible.
Curriculum
Vitae
Name:
Complete Address:
Cellular Phone No.: 2x2
Personal Data:
ID PICTURE
Age:
Birthday:
Civil status:
Height:
Weight:
Religion:
Nationality:
Father:
Mother:
Language spoken:

Educational Background:
Elementary:
Secondary Junior High:
Senior High: