CLIMATE

CHANGE
By M uhammad Al i aan, M uhammad
taseen azi m
 Climate Change
◦ Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a
place. Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as as whole in the
average weather patterns that have come
to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad range of obser
ved effects that are synonymous with the term. The key point here is "long term"Climate change
may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. These unexpected weather patterns can
make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that rely on farming because expected
temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on. Climate change has also been
connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequent and more intense
hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms
◦ source:
◦ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/clima te-change/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change.amp

Muhammad Aliaan
GREENHOUSE GASES
◦ Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking
back into space.
◦ Many of these gases occur naturally, but human activity is increasing the concentrations of some of them in the atmosphere, in
particular:
• carbon dioxide (CO 2)
• methane
• nitrous oxide
• fluorinated gases
CO2 is the greenhouse gas most commonly produced by human activities and it is responsible for 64% of man-made global
warming. Its concentration in the atmosphere is currently 40% higher than it was when industrialisation began.
◦ Other greenhouse gases are emitted in smaller quantities, but they trap heat far more effectively than CO 2, and in some cases are
thousands of times stronger. Methane is responsible for 17% of man-made global warming, nitrous oxide for 6%.
Source:https://ec.europa.eu/clima/change/causes_en

◦ Muhammad Aliaan
 SOLUTIONS TO STOP GREENHOUSE
GASES
◦ Reducing climate change – involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of
these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or
transport) or enhancing the “sinks” that accumulate and store these
gases (such as the oceans, forests and soil). The goal of mitigation is to
avoid significant human interference with the climate system, and
“stabilize greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow
ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food
production is not threatened and to enable economic development to
proceed in a sustainable manner” (from the 2014 report on Mitigation of
Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, page 4).
Source:https://climate.nasa.gov/solutions/adaptation-
mitigation/#:~:text=Mitigation%20%E2%80%93%20reducing%20climate%20
change%20%E2%80%93%20involves,these%20gases%20(such%20as%20th
e
Muhammad Aliaan
 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
◦ From 1880 to 2012, the average global temperature increased by 0.85°C.
Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and the sea level has risen. From 1901 to 2010, the global ave
rage sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded due to warming and ice melted. The sea ice extent in the Arctic has shrunk in eve
ry successive decade since 1979, with 1.07 × 106 km² of ice loss per decade.
Given current concentrations and ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that by the end of this century global mean te
mperature will continue to rise above the pre-
industrial level. The world’s oceans will warm and ice melt will continue. Average sea level rise is predicted to be 24–
30 cm by 2065 and 40–63 cm by 2100 relative to the reference period of 1986–
2005. Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries, even if emissions are stopped
◦ Source
◦ :https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/climate-change/

◦ Muhammad taseen azim

SOLUTION TO INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
◦ To ev aluate solutions to pollution, it may be helpful to distinguish between different kinds of industrial pollution. A
first and common distinction is between sources of pollution: point sources, which are spatially and temporally
defined such as a factory, and non-point sources, which are impossible to locate or confine such as household
emissions (Auty, 1997). Only point sources can be effectiv ely reduced by treatment of waste due to the
possibility of regulation, whereas lessening the ov erall consumption will affect both point and non-point sources.
Another distinction may be chosen between the use of the pollutant: agrochemicals, industrial organic and
inorganic waste, and household emissions of chemicals.Organic and inorganic wastes are releases of large
amounts of the most ecotoxic materials such as heav y metals, ammonia, cyanide, v olatile organic compounds,
halogenated organic compounds and arenes (U.S. EPA, 2011). Release of these chemicals into the env ironment
is not intentional; that is, the release of these chemicals is not required in order for any process to work.Because
agrochemicals are intentionally released into the environment, prohibiting their usage would probably not be
politically or economically feasible. This kind of regulation would significantly raise food prices and incur food
shortages and famines because pests would destroy a significant amount of the crop yield. A feasible solution
should include both reduction of use and shifts to less chronically toxic products. As such a solution may lead to
a reduction of crop yield and will definitely require farmers in industrialized countries to change their habits, it
can only be implemented through enforced government regulations. To make decisions about how to regulate
agrochemicals, gov ernments will need objectiv e data on the damage pollutants pose to environments.
◦ SOURCE:http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2015/2015/solutions_for_industrial_pollution.html
◦ Muhammad taseen