2701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia WIKIPEDIA Japanese people Japanese people (Japanese: Fl #% A, Hepburn: nihonjin) are an ethnic group that is native to the Japanese archipelago and modern country of BAA Japan, /341351(361[37] where they constitute 98.1% of the country’s population.[381 Worldwide, approximately 129 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 125 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live outside Japan are referred to as nikkeijin (A % A), the Japanese diaspora. ‘The term ethnic Japanese is used to refer to mainland Japanese people, specifically the Yamato.'39] Japanes people are one of the largest ethnic groups in the world. National flag of Japan Japanese people Total population ¢. 129 million Contents History Theories of origins hips:ifen wikipedia.orgiwikiJapanese_people 192701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Jamon period Yayoi period ‘ Feudal period = Colonial period Language Religion ; Literature Regions with significant populations Arts @ Japan 125 million{4 Citizenship Significant Japanese diaspora in:!2 Diaspora Brazil 2,000,000!) See also = United States 1,469,63714 References Wi Mainiand China 140,13415)note External links [Hl Philippines 120,008 IsI Canada 109,74018 History BB Peru 103,94912 2 Australia 89,1339 (2015) EE Mexico 76,0006" Theories of origins = Thailand 70,3871°21 (2016) SIE United Kingdom 66,0001"3) (2019) hps:Yenikipedia.orgwikitJapanese_peaple 21292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Archaeological evidence indicates that Stone Age people lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Paleolithic period between 39,000 and 21,000 years ago{40ll] Japan was then connected to mainland Asia by at least one land bridge, and ~ nomadic hunter- gatherers crossed to Japan. Flint_tools and Gat) bony implements of this era have been excavated in Japan 42ll43l Shakdki-doga (1000-400 BC), “goggle-eyed type" figurine. Tokyo National Museum. In the 18th century, Arai Hakuseki suggested that the ancient stone tools in Japan were left behind by the Shukushin. Later, Philipp Franz von Siebold argued that the Ainu people were indigenous to northern Japan./441 Tha Fuyii suggested that Japanese and Ryukyuan people have the same ethnic origin, based on his 1906 research htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people == Argentina HS Germany [BE Singapore France te: South Korea EE Hong Kong EE Malaysia Hi Taiwan (Sl Micronesi ill New Zealand Indonesia HE olivia El Vietnam I Italy ‘Switzerland 65,000(141151 44,7701°51 (2019) 40,5001"71 (2019) 36,9631" (2015) 36,708(12)nate (2014) 27,429151 (2015) 22,0001"! (2014) 20,3739 20,0001 17,991{'Olnote (2015) 16,2961" (2013) 14,000241 13,5472] (2014) 13,299t"Olnote (2015) 10,1661"Onote (2014) 31292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia on the Ryukyuan languages./45! In the Taisho period, Torii Rytizd claimed that Yamato people used Yayoi pottery and Ainu used Jomon pottery.[441 After World War II, Kotondo Hasebe and Hisashi Suzuki claimed that the origin of Japanese people was not newcomers in the Yayoi period (300 BCE — 300 CE) but the people in the Jomon period.{46] However, Kazuro Hanihara announced a new racial admixture theory in 1984145] and a "dual structure model" in 1991.{47) According to Hanihara, modern Japanese lineages began with Jémon people, who moved into the Japanese archipelago during Paleolithic times, followed by a second wave of immigration, from E: pan during the Yayoi period (300 BC). Following a population expansion in Neolithic times, these newcomers then found their way to the Japanese archipelago sometime during the Yayoi period. As a result, replacement of the hunter gatherers was common in the island regions of Kyasha, Shikoku, and southern Honshi, but did not prevail in the outlying islands of Okinawa and Hokkaids, and the Ryukyuan and Ainu people show mixed characteristics. Mark J. Hudson claims that the main ethnic image of Japanese people was biologically and linguistically formed from 400 BCE to 1,200 CE,46! Currently, the most well-regarded theory is hps:Yenikipedia.orgwiktJapanese_people india BB Spain 1H New Caledonia = Nethertands Paraguay Hi Belgium = Marshall Islands [i Palau Macau A Finland HE Romania 8,6552251 (2015) 8,080l"Direte (2015) 8,0001241 7,501") (2015) 7,0001251 6,2321'9 (2015) 6.000126) 5,00027) 4.200128 3.45629) 2,1371801 41,1008) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 337 (2019)1921 note 4129zrov2022, 00.07 that present-day Japanese people formed from both the Yayoi rice-agriculturalists and the various Jémon period ethnicities,/48 A study by Lee and Hasegawa of the Waseda University, concluded that the "dual structure theory” regarding the population history of Japan must be revised and that the Jomon people had more ethnic diversity than originally suggested.[491 The linguist Ann Kumar (2009) proposed that some Austronesians migrated to Japan, possibly an elite-group from Java, and created the Japanese-hierarchical society and identifies 82 plausible cognates between Austronesian and Japanese.|5°) In 2021, a study found that the people of Japan bore genetic signatures from three ancient populations rather than just two as previously thought. /511l52! Jomon period htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people Japanese people - Wikipedia Languages Japanese Religi ion Predominantly irretigious Traditionally Shinto, Mahayana Buddhism and Shinto sects, with minorities ascribing to Christianity, Japanese new religions and other religionsl®31 Related ethnic groups Ainu people - Ryukyuan people ‘* Note: For this country, only permanent residents with Japanese nationality are included, sine the number of naturalized Japanese people and their descendants is unknown, 5129270112002, 0007 Jopanese people - Wikipedia Some of the world's oldest known pottery pieces were developed by the Jémon people in the Upper Paleolithic period, dating back as far as 16,000 years. The name "Jomon" (4 Jémon) means "cord-impressed pattern”, and comes from the characteristic markings found on the pottery. The Jémon people were mostly hunter-gatherers, but also practicized early agriculture, such as Azuki bean cultivation. At least one middle to late Jomon site (Minami Mizote (Si# ¥), ca. 1200-1000 BC) had also a primitive rice-growing agriculture. They relied primarily on fish and nuts for protein. The ethnic roots of the Jomon period population (see Jomon people) were heterogeneous and can be traced back to ancient Northeast Asia, the Tibetan plateau, ancient Taiwan and Siberia [4815354] ‘A 2021 study concluded that the Jomon people descended from a common Basal-East Asian source population in Mainland Southeast Asia, which also gave rise to the other East Asian-related populations, however the Jomon became isolated on the Japanese archipelago at about 15,000 BCE, which resulted in their relative more Basal position compared to other East Asians. Some Jomon subgroups, specifically the Hokkaido Jomon, received minor geneflow from a Yana-RHS- related group, a deeply European-related Upper-Paleolithic North Eurasian population.|55! Yayoi period Beginning around 300 BC, the Yayoi people from the Korean Peninsula entered the Japanese islands and displaced or intermingled with the Jmon. The Yayoi brought wet-rice farming and advanced bronze and iron technology to Japan. The more productive paddy field s the communities to support larger populations and spread over time, in turn becoming the basis for more advanced institutions and heralding the new civilization of the succeeding Kofun period. htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people 61292701/2022, 00:07 ‘The estimated population of Japan in the late Jémon period was about eight hundred thousand, compared to about three million by the Nara period. Taking the growth rates of hunting and agricultural societies into account, it is calculated that about one and half million immigrants moved to Japan in the period. According to Ann Kumar, the Yayoi created the & "Japanese-hierarchical society".'57) Feudal period Colonial period Location of Imperial Japan single Imperial Japanese identity.58) hps:Yenikipedia.orgwikitJapanese_peaple Japanese people - Wikipedia Genetic structure of preser ay and ancient Eurasian and Ikawazu Jomon, 8) During the Japanese colonial period of 1895 to 1945, the phrase "Japanese people” was used to refer not only to residents of the Japanese archipelago, but also to people from colonies who held Japanese citizenship, such as Taiwanese people and Korean people. The official term used to refer to ethnic Japanese during this period was "inland people" (P93 A, naichijin). Such linguistic distinctions facilitated forced assim 7129zrov2022, 00.07 Japanese people Wikipedia After the end of World War II, many Nivkh people and Orok people from southern Sakhalin, who held Japanese citizenship in the Karafuto Prefecture, were forced to repatriate to Hokkaido by the Soviet Union as a part of the Japanese people. On the other hand, many Sakhalin Koreans who had held Japanese citizenship until the end of the war were left stateless by the Soviet occupation.{59] Language ‘The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is related to the Ryukyuan languages and was treated as a language isolate in the past. The earliest attested form of the language, Old Japanese, dates to the 8th century. Japanese phonology is characterized by a relatively small number of vowel phonemes, frequent gemination and a distinctive pitch accent system. The modern Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using hiragana, katakana and kanji, The language includes native Japanese words and a large number of words derived from the Chinese language. In Japan the adult literacy rate in the Japanese language exceeds 99%.{°l Dozens of Japanese dialects are spoken in regions of Japan. For now, Japanese is classified as a member of the Japonic languages or as a language isolate with no known living relatives if Ryukyuan is counted as dialects.{6] Religion Japanese religion has traditionally been syneretic in nature, combining elements of Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu-shiigo).{©2) Shinto, a polytheistic religion with no book of religious canon, is Japan's native religion. Shinto was one of the traditional grounds for the right to the throne of the Japanese imperial family and was codified as the state religion in 1868 (State Shinto), but was hilps:ifen wikipedia.orgiwikiJapanese_people 8129zrov2022, 00.07 Japanese people Wikipedia abolished by the American occupation in 1945. Mahayana Buddhism came to Japan in the sixth century and evolved into many different sects. Today, the largest form of Buddhism among Japanese people is the Jado Shinshii sect founded by Shinran,[63) A large majority of Japanese people profess to believe in both Shinto and Buddhism. |641l651(66] Japanese people's reli functions mostly as a foundation for mythology, traditions and neighborhood activities, rather than as the single Shrine in vapan source of moral guidelines for one's life. A Shinto festival in Miki, Hyogo According to the annual statistical research on religion in 2018 by the Agency for Culture Affairs, Government of Japan, about two million or slightly 1.5% of Japan's population are Christians.!67] ‘A larger proportion of members of the Japanese diaspora practice Christianity; about 60% of Japanese Brazilians and 90% of Japanese Mexicans are Roman Catholics,'81[9] while about 37% of Japanese Americans are Christians (33% Protestant and 4% Catholic).[7°] htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people 91292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Jainism is growing among Japanese people in Japan. More than 5,000 ethnic Japanese families in Japan have converted to Jainism in recent years.!7! Literature Bisque doll of Momotar8, a character from Japanese literature and folklore Certain genres of writing originated in and are often associated with Japanese society. These include the haiku, tanka, and I Novel, although modern writers generally avoid these writing styles. Historically, many works have sought to capture or codify traditional Japanese cultural values and aesthetics. Some of the most famous of these include Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji (1021), about Heian court culture; Miyamoto Musashi's The Book of Five Rings (1645), concerning military strategy; Matsuo Basho's Oku no Hosomichi (1691), a travelogue; and Jun‘ichird Tanizaki's essay "In Praise of Shadows” (1933), which contrasts Eastern and Western cultures. Following the opening of Japan to the West in 1854, some works of this style were written in English by natives of Japan; they include Bushido: The Soul of Japan by Nitobe Inazd (1900), concerning samurai ethies, and The Book of Tea by Okakura Kakuzd (1906), which deals with the philosophical implications of the Japanese tea ceremony. Western observers have often attempted to evaluate Japanese society as well, to varying degrees of success; one of the most well-known and controversial works resulting from this is Ruth hilps:ifen wikipedia.orgiwikiJapanese_people 01292710112022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Benedict's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (1946). Twentieth-century Japanese writers recorded changes in Japanese society through their works. Some of the most notable authors included Natsume Séseki, Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Osamu _Dazai, Fumiko Enchi, Akiko Yosano, Yukio Mishima, and Ryotaro Shiba. Popular contemporary authors such as Ry Murakami, Haruki Murakami, and Banana Yoshimoto have been translated into many languages and enjoy international followings, and Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburd Oe were awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Arts Decorative arts in Japan date back to prehistoric times. Jomon pottery includes examples with elaborate ornamentation. In the Yayoi period, artisans produced mirrors, spears, and ceremonial bells known as dotaku. Later burial mounds, or kofun, preserve characteristic clay figures known as haniwa, as ‘well as wall paintings. Beginning in the Nara period, painting, calligraphy, and sculpture flourished under strong Confucian and Buddhist influences from China. Among the architectural achievements of this period are the Horyi-ji and the Yakushi-ji, two Buddhist temples in Nara Prefecture. After the cessation of official relations with the Tang dynasty in the ninth century, Japanese hilps:ifen wikipedia.orgiwikiJapanese_people The print Red Fuji from Katsushika Hokusais series, Thiry-six Views of ‘Mount Fuji e9270112002, 0007 Jopanese people - Wikipedia art and architecture gradually became less influenced by China, Extravagant art and clothing were commissioned by nobles to decorate their court, and although the aristocracy was quite limited in size and power, many of these pieces are still extant. After the TOdai-ji was attacked and burned during the Genpei War, a special office of restoration was founded, and the Tédai-ji became an important artistic center. The leading masters of the time were Unkei and Kaikei. Painting advanced in the Muromachi period in the form of ink wash painting under the influence of Zen Buddhism as practiced by such masters as Sesshii Toyo. Zen Buddhist tenets were also elaborated into the tea ceremony during the Sengoku period. During the Edo period, the polychrome painting screens of the Kand school were made influential thanks to their powerful patrons (including the Tokugawas). Popular artists created ukiyo-e, woodblock prints for sale to commoners in the flourishing cities. Pottery such as Imari ware was highly valued as far away as Europe. In theater, Noh is a traditional, spare dramatic form that developed in tandem with kygen farce. In stark contrast to the restrained refinement of noh, kabuki, an "explosion of color", use every possible stage trick for dramatic effect. Plays include sensational events such as suicides, and many such works were performed in both kabuki and bunraku puppet theaters. Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has absorbed elements of Western culture and has given them a “Japanese” feel or modification into it. It's modern decorative, practical, and performing arts works span a spectrum ranging from the traditions of Japan to purely Western modes. Products of popular culture, including J-pop, J-rock, manga and anime have found audiences and fans around the world. htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people 121292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Citizenship Article 10 of the Constitution of Japan defines the term "Japanese" based upon Japanese nationality.72! The concept of "ethnic groups" in Japanese census statistics differs from the concept applied in many other countries. For example, the United Kingdom Census queries the respondent's "ethnic or racial background", regardless of nationality.) The Japanese Statistics Bureau, however, asks only about nationality in the census. The Government of Japan regards all naturalized Japanese citizens and native-born Japanese nationals with a multi-ethnic background as Japanese. There is no distinction based on ethnicity. There's no official ethnicity census data(74] Because the census equates nationality with ethnicity, its figures erroneously assume that naturalized Japanese citizens and Japanese nationals with multi-ethnic backgrounds are ethnically ‘Japanese. John Lie, Eiji Oguma, and other scholars problematize the widespread belief that Japan is ethnically homogeneous, arguing that it is more accurate to describe Japan as a multiethnic society,!751l76] although such claims have long been rejected by conservative elements of Japanese society such as former Japanese Prime Minister Tard Asb, who once described Japan as being a nation of "one race, one civilization, one language and one culture".!77] There is an increase of hafu (half Japanese) people, but the amount is relatively small. Studies from e.g. 2015 estimate that 1 in 30 children born in Japan are born to interracial couples.(78] Diaspora The term nikkeijin (H % A) is used to refer to Japanese people who emigrated from Japan and their descendants. hilps:ifen wikipedia.orgiwikiJapanese_people 131292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia Emigration from Japan was recorded as early as the 15th century to the Philippines and Borneo, |7s1{80ll81II82] and in the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of traders from Japan also migrated to the Philippines and assimilated into the local population.(83I:PP. 52-3 However, migration of Japanese people did not become a mass phenomenon until the Meiji era, when Japanese people began to go to Canada, the United States, the Philippines, China, Brazil, and Peru. There was also significant emigration to the territories of the Empire of Japan during the colonial period, but most of these emigrants and settlers repatriated to Japan after the end of World War II in Asia.{84] According to the Association of Nikkei and Japanese Abroad, there are about 2.5 million nikkeijin living in their adopted ‘The Japantown Peace Plaza during the Northern California Cherry Blossom Festival countries. The largest of these foreign communities are in the Brazilian states of So Paulo and Parand.(85) There are also significant cohesive Japanese communities in the Philippines,®4) East Malaysia, Peru, Buenos Aires, Cérdoba and Misiones in Argentina, the U.S. states of Hawaii, California, and Washington, and the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Toronto. Separately, the number of Japanese ci Affairs, See also zens living abroad is over one million according to the Ministry of Foreign = Ethnic groups of Japan htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people areazrov2022, 00.07 Japanese people - Wikipedia = Ethnic issues in Japan = Foreign-born Japanese = Japantown = List of Japanese people = Nihonjinron = Demographics of Japan = Ainu people = Burakumin = Dekasegi = Ryukyuan people = Yamato people, the dominant majority = Hafu, half Japanese people = Azumi people, an ancient group of peoples who inhabited parts of northern Kyushu = Emishi, a group of people who lived in the northeastern Tohoku region of Japan = Kuzu, an ancient people of Japan believed to have lived along the Yoshino River = Japanese Americans References 1. "World Factbook: Japan" (https://wwweia. govilibrary/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.ht mi). CIA. 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"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables - Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey" (hitp:/www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cim?LANG =E&APATH=38DE TAIL=08DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=08GID=0&GK=0&GRP=08PID=1053 96&PRID=0&PTYPE=1052778&S=08&SHOWALL=0&SUB=08 Temporal=2013&THEME=958VID =0&VNAMEE=8VNAMEF=). 72.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved December 12, 2017. . “Japan-Peru Relations (Basic Data)" (http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/data. htm!) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved December 12, 2017. 10. "Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas" (http:/Avww.mofa.go. jp/mofaj/to ko/tokei/hojin/10/pdfs/1 pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 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"Argentina inicia una nueva etapa en su relacién con Japén" (http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/2 01611/171079-japon-visita-oficial-primer-ministro-nipon-shinzo-abe-casa-de-gobierno. htm). Telam.com.ar. Retrieved November 21, 2016. 16. “Total number of residents from Japan living in Germany from 2013 to 2019" (https://www.statis ta.com/statistics/1038414/japan-number-japanese-residents-germany/#t:~:text=Number%200 £%20Japanese%20residents%20in%20Germany%202013%202019&text=As%200f%200ctob €1%202019%2C%20approximately, Japan%20were%20living%20in%20Germany.). statista.com. Retrieved April 25, 2021. 17. “Total number of residents from Japan living in France from 2013 to 2019" (https://www.statist a.com/statistics/108037 7 /japan-number-japanese-residents-france/#:~:text=Number%200f%20 Japanese %20residents%20in%20France%202013%2D2019&text=As%2001%200ctober%202 019%2C%20approximately, by%20almost%20four%20thousand%20people.). statista.com Retrieved April 25, 2021 18, "Japan-Singapore Relations" (http://www.mofa.go jp/region/asia-paci/singapore/index.htm!). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved December 12, 2017. 19. "Japan-Malaysia Relations (Basic Data)" (https:/iweb archive.org/web/20160625161741/http:// www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/malaysia/data html). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. September 7, 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.mofa.go p/region/asia-paci/malaysi aldata.html) on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 20. 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External links = CIA The World Fact Book 2006 (https://www.cia.govithe-world-factbook/countries/japan/) = The Association of Nikkei & Japanese Abroad (http:/www,jadesas.or,p/) = Discover Nikkei- Information on Japanese emigrants and their descendants (http:/Avww.discov ernikkei.org/en/) = Jun-Nissei Literature and Culture in Brazil (https://web.archive.org/web/20060614075235/htt pilicias. berkeley.edu:7001/Research/graduate/summer2005/tinker/Rivas/index.html) = The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (http:/www.mofa.go.jp/index.html) = The National Museum of Japanese History (http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/index.html) = Japanese society and culture (https:/;web.archive. org/web/20190415212807/http:/www.habri co.uk’) htlps:Yen wikipedia orgwikitJapanese_people 28292701/2022, 00:07 Japanese people - Wikipedia = Dekasegi and their issues living in Japan (https://web.archive.orgiweb/2007 1128140403/http:// www.abcjapan.org/) (Japanese/Portuguese) Retrieved from “https://en. wikipedia orgiwlindex. php title= Japanese_people&oldid= 1064514679" This page was last edited on 8 January 2022, at 19:36 (UTC). 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