Exercise 10

„A/D and  D/A” and

„Combinational circuits”
1) Action to be taken before exercise :
a) Read the manual of measuring devices:
 Extech 430 multimeter

and make a note in the report their serial numbers.

a) As an introduction read documents attached to this manual
b) All calculations, tables and graphs write in the template report, NOT IN THIS
MANUAL.
c) Didactic modules draw from power supply ONLY using designed for this purpose
handle located at the bottom of the front panel.

1) Exercise „ A/D and D/A”

a) Simultaneous measurement of transfer characteristics of the A / D converter and transfer
characteristics of the connected A / D and D / A.
 Set M15 and M16 modules into power supply..
 Move selectors in the extreme left position – this selector allow to set input voltage in
range .
 Digital outputs of M15 connect to corresponding digital inputs of M16 module.
 To outputs of modules M15 and M16 connect multimeters to measure voltage

 Ask the teacher to inspect the circuit.

 To fill the measuring table must adhere to the following guidelines:

 Move selector to change binary number generated on A/D output
 You should examine the full range of input voltage
 You should accurately measure what voltage ranges are handled by the
transmitter as the same number (represented by the output diodes in binary
code). This means that for each number of will be taken two measurements:
 First measurement indicates the exact start of the range: this is the lowest
voltage at which the LED to be lit candle full of light, and these LEDs to be
extinguished, even slightly not glow.
 Second measurement indicates the end of the range - it is the largest voltage
at which the LED to be lit candle full of light, and these LEDs to be
extinguished, even slightly not glow.
 These measurements must be noted in the table. The voltages between the
ranges of consecutive numbers recognize the scope of the noise. Ranges noise
must be marked on the chart. How to draw a graph will be explained below.


 Using the above tips to fill in a table:

 Value Value Output voltage after A/D/D/A
Input voltage
(decimally) (binary) conversion
0 0000 ...... ......
0 0000 ...... ......
1 0001 ...... ......
1 0001 ...... ......
2 0010 ...... ......
2 0010 ...... ......
3 0011 ...... ......
3 0011 ...... ......
4 0100 ...... ......
4 0100 ...... ......
5 0101 ...... ......
5 0101 ...... ......
6 0110 ...... ......
6 0110 ...... ......
7 0111 ...... ......
7 0111 ...... ......

etc. etc . etc . etc .

14 1110 ...... ......

15 1111 ...... ......
15 1111 ...... ......

 Set selector in extremely left position

 Based on these measurements draw by hand in your report the following graphs::
 transfer characteristics of A/D converter value =f(Uwe) with noise (example below).
 transfer characteristics of A/D/D/A conversion
 Make a note of conclusions of the exercise in the report

Example (part of table)

2 0010 2,1V
2 0010 2,9V
3 0011 3,1V
3 0011 3,95V
4 0100 4,05V
4 0100 4,9V

2,1 2,9 3,1 3,95 4,05 4,9

Noise ranges (range where digital value is ambiguous)

b) Measurement of transfer characteristics of the D/A.

 Disconnect cables from A/D and connect them to the appropriate slots available in D/A
module
 Disconnect multimeter from A/C converter.
 Ask the teacher to inspect the circuit.
 Turn on power supply and setting switches on all possible combinations (encoded in
binary) measure and note in table output voltage
 Value Value Output
(decimal) (binary) voltage […]
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
11 1011
12 1100
13 1101
14 1110
15 1111

 Based on these measurements draw by hand in your report the transfer characteristic
 Make a note of conclusions of the exercise in the report
 Turn off all instruments

2) Exercise „ Combinational circuits ”

a) Preparing the truth table for an inverter (NOT gate), NAND and NOR gate.
 Put M13 module into the power supply.

 Ask the teacher to inspect the circuit.

 Turn on the power supply

 The measured gates are located on top of module.
The convention is as follows:
 switch in upper position – logic 0,
 switch in lower position – logic 1,
 LED OFF – logic 0,
 LED ON – logic 1.
 Using switches change input logic states (we have 2 switches that means four
combinations).
 For each input combination note in table the output logic state for given gate.

Input state Output states

input X0 input X1 INV NAND NOR
0 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1

b) The implementation of logic functions at gates.

 We are using a lower part of M13 module with four inputs and four outputs
 Setting all possible input combinations check and note in table the output states:

 Input logic states Output logic states
X3 X2 X1 X0 f3 f2 f1 f0
 0 0 0 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 0 0 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 0 1 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 0 1 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 1 0 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 1 0 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 1 1 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0 1 1 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 0 0 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 0 0 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 0 1 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 0 1 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 1 0 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 1 0 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 1 1 0 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
1 1 1 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1

 Adapt (using the laws of Boolean algebra) output functions to the following
logical functions:
Function

Function

Function

Function
 Note in your report not only a result but also all calculations.
Uwaga: note that all output state is the same for almost all inputs. Calculate the output state for A,B, C,D functions
only for these specific inputs and compare with measured states.

 Make a note of conclusions of the exercise in the report

 Turn off all instruments

3) Getting cleaned
 Disconnect all cables from the power supply.
 Sort out the cables on the bench as they did before the start of classes.
 Organize chairs !
 Leave the consecutive order !