Measures of Angle sums

Garnette Mae V. Balacy, MS

November 20, 2021
Math Ed 524
 Polygons
A polygon is a closed plane figure bounded by
straight line segments as sides, such that no two
sides with a common endpoint are collinear.
Each side intersects exactly two other sides, one at
each endpoint.
A polygon is convex if no line that contains a side
of the polygon contains a point in the interior of
the polygon
A polygon that is not convex is called nonconvex
or concave.
Regular versus irregular polygons

A regular polygon is equilateral and

equiangular

Otherwise, a polygon is irregular.

 Sum of the measures of the interior
angles of a polygon

A diagonal of a polygon is a segment that

joins two nonconsecutive vertices.
By drawing diagonals from any vertex to
each of the vertices, a polygon of 7 sides is
divisible into 5 triangles.
This process divides a polygon of n sides
into n-2 triangles.
Hence, the measure of the interior angles of
the polygon is (n-2)180⁰
 Polygon Interior Angle Sum Theorem

When you begin with a polygon with four or more

sides and draw all the diagonals possible from one
vertex, the polygon then is divided into several
nonoverlapping triangles. Example, using a
seven‐sided polygon, the interior angle sum of
this polygon can be found by multiplying the
number of triangles by 180°. Upon investigating,
it is found that the number of triangles is always
two less than the number of sides. This fact is
stated as a theorem.
If a convex polygon has n sides, then its
interior angle sum is given by the following
equation: S = ( n −2) × 180°
900 degrees
1. Is a star a concave polygon?

2. Can regular polygons be concave?

3. Does the Polygon Interior Angle Sum

Theorem apply for concave polygons?
Sum of the measures of the exterior angles of a
polygon: Polygon Exterior Angles Sum theorem
▪ The exterior angles of a polygon can be reproduced together
so that they have the same vertex.
▪ To do this, draw lines parallel to the sides of the polygon from
a point. it can be seen that regardless of the number of sides,
the sum of the measures of the exterior angle equals 360⁰
You can draw exterior angles at any vertex of a
polygon. The figures below show that the sum
of the measures of the exterior angles, one at
each vertex is 360.
Circles and Circle
Relationships
 Definitions

▪ A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are at

the same distance from a fixed point called the
center.
▪ The circumference of a circle is the distance
around the circle
▪ The radius (radii) is a line segment joining the
center to any point on the circle
 DEfinitions

▪ A central angle is an angle formed by any

two radii
▪ An arc is a continuous part of a circle
symbolized by m ͡ . A semicircle is an arc
measuring one‐half of the circle
▪ A minor arc is less than a semicircle while a
major arc is greater than a semicircle
෢ 𝐵
▪ 𝐵𝐶, ෣
𝐴𝐶
 Definitions

▪ A chord of a circle is a line segment

joining two points of the circumference
▪ A diameter of a circle is a chord through
the center
▪ A secant of a circle is a line that intersects
the circle at two points
▪ A tangent of a circle is a line that touches
the circle at one and only one point
An inscribed polygon is a polygon all of
whose sides are chords of the circle
A circumscribed circle is a circle passing
through each vertex of a polygon
A circumscribed polygon is a polygon all of
whose sides are tangents to a circle. An
inscribed circle is a circle to which all sides
of a polygon are tangents
▪ Concentric circles are circles having
the same center
▪ Two circles are said to be equal if
their radii are equal in length; two
circles are congruent if their radii are
congruent
▪ Two arcs are congruent if they have
the same degree measure and length
 Circle Principles
1. A diameter divides a circle into two equal parts.
(Converse: If a chord divides a circle into two equal parts,
then it is a diameter)

2. A point is outside, on or inside a circle according to

whether its distance from the center is greater than, equal
or less than the radius
3. For the same or congruent circles, radii and diameters are
congruent . Congruent arcs have congruent central angles
(and converse). Congruent chords have congruent arcs
(and converse).
4. A diameter perpendicular to a
chord bisects the chord and its arcs
(and its converse)
5. A perpendicular bisector of a chord
passes through the center of the
circle
5. In the same or congruent circles,
congruent chords are equally distant
from each other (and its converse)
Proving a Circle Problem
Measurement of Angles and
Arcs in a Circle
 Some definitions

A central angle is measured by its intercepted arc

An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on

the circle and whose sides are chords. An angle
inscribed on an arc has its vertex on the arc and
passing through the ends of the arc.
Angle Measurement Principles

1. A central angle is measured by its intercepted arc

2. An inscribed angle is measured by one‐half of its intercepted
arc
3. In the same or congruent circles:
a. congruent inscribed angles have congruent intercepted arcs
b. inscribed angles having congruent intercepted arcs are
congruent
4. Angles inscribed in the same or congruent arcs are congruent
5. An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle
6. Opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral are
supplementary

7. Parallel lines intercept congruent arcs on a circle

8. An angle formed by an tangent and a chord is
measured by ½ of its intercepted arc
9. An angle formed by two intersecting chords is
measured by ½ of the sum of the intercepted
arcs
10. An angle formed by two secants intersecting
outside a circle is measured by ½ the difference
of the intercepted arcs
11. An angle formed by a tangent and a secant
intersecting outside of the circle is measures by
½ of the difference of the intercepted arcs
12. An angle formed by two tangents
intersecting outside a circle is measured by ½
the difference of the intercepted arcs
 Exercise 1: Find x and y

50, 65 40, 95 90, 70